1.

PRESENT SIMPLE:
- General truths: chân lí sự thật hiển nhiên
- Curent habits: thói quen hiện tại
- Permanent situations and states: những tình huống cố định
- Telling jokes and informal stories
- Live sport commentary
- Newspaper headline
- Reviews and summaries
- Instructions
 EMPHATIC
 Emphasise contrast
 Emphasise strong feelings
2. PRESENT PERPECT:
- Situations and states that started in the past and are still true.
- A series of actions continuing up to now.
- Completed actions at a time in the past which is not important or relevant.
- Completed actions where the important thing is present result.
- Actions completed recently.
3. PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
- At the time speaking, not finish.
- I’m doing sth= I started doing it and I haven’t finished; I’m in middle of it.
- Sometimes the action is not the time speaking. Ex: Kates wants to work in Italy, so she’s
learning Italian. ( but perharps she isn’t learning Italian at the time speaking)
- Signal: today, this week, this year.
- Talk about change that has started to happen.
 Getting, becoming, changing, improving, starting, beginning, increasing, rising,
falling, growing.
 Ex: the population of the world is increasing very fast.
- Temporary situations and states
- Background information and informal stories.
4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:
- Actions and situations continuing up to the present( before the present)
COMPARE:
SIMPLE PERFECT CONTINUOUS PERFECT
Specify a particular of times/things emphasise the duration of actions
 Ex: I’ve worked here for five years
 I have been working here for five years ( emphasise the duration)