Reading Passage 1

Read the following article and answer ALL the questions that follow.

Chocolate town for chocolate workers

I If you love chocolate, maybe you have eaten a bar of Cadbury’s

Bournville chocolate. But Bournville is not just the name of an English
chocolate bar. It is the name of a village which was built especially for
workers at the Cadbury’s chocolate factory.

George and Richard Cadbury took over the cocoa and chocolate 5
II
business from their father in 1861. A few years later, they decided to
move the factory out of the centre of Birmingham, a city in the middle of
England, to a new location where they could expand. They chose an
area close to the railways and canals so that they could receive milk
deliveries easily and send the finished products to stores across the
10
country.

Here, the air was much cleaner than in the city centre, and the Cadbury
III
brothers thought it would be a much healthier place for their employees
to work. They named the site Bournville after a local river called ‘The
Bourn’. ‘Ville’, the French word for town, was used because at the time, 15
people thought French chocolate was the highest quality. The new
factory opened in 1879. Close to it, they built a village where the factory
workers could live. By 1900, there were 313 houses on the site, and
many more were built later.

The Cadbury family were religious and believed that it was right to help 20
IV
other people. They thought their workers deserved to live and work in
good conditions. In the factory, workers were given a fair wage, a
pension and access to medical treatment. The village was also
designed to provide the best possible conditions for workers too. The
25
houses, although traditional in style, had modern interiors, indoor
bathrooms and large gardens. The village provided everything that
workers needed including a shop, a school and a community centre
 where evening classes were held to train young members of the
workforce. 30

Since the Cadbury family believed that their workers and their families
V
should be fit and healthy, they added a park with hockey and football
pitches, a running track, bowling green, fishing lake, and an outdoor
swimming pool. A large clubhouse was built in the park so that players 35

could change their clothes and relax after a game. Dances and dinners
were also held here for the factory workers, who were never charged to
use any of the sports facilities. However, because the Cadbury’s
believed that alcohol was bad for health and society, no pubs were ever
built in Bourneville! 40

The Cadbury brothers were among the first business owners to ensure
VI
that their workers had good standards of living. Soon, other British
factory owners were copying their ideas by providing homes and
communities for their workers designed with convenience and health in 45
mind. Today, over 25,000 people live in Bournville village. There are
several facilities there to help people with special needs, such as care
homes for the elderly, a hostel for people with learning difficulties and
affordable homes for first-time homeowners and single people. Over a
hundred years since the first house in Bournville Village was built, the
aims of its founders are still carried out.

Adapted from,
Bournville. (2019, June 23). Chocolate town for chocolate workers
QUESTION 1- 5
Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D.

1. Where was the Cadbury’s Chocolate factory located earlier?

A. The Bourn

B. Birmingham

C. French

D. Bournville

2. The new site for the chocolate factory was chosen because

A. it was close to the farms which provided milk.

B. a lot of people lived nearby.

C. it was in the centre of the city.

D. it was close to several transportation routes

3. Bournville takes its name from?

A. A local town.

B. A French town.

C. A French word.

D. A kind of French chocolate.

4. Workers at the Cadbury received….

A. a free health care.

B. free access to sports facilities.

C. free food and drink.

D. dancing lessons.
 5. Who can live in the catered-accommodation in Bournville now?

A. Chocolate factory workers.

B. First time home-buyers.

C. Single people.

D. People with learning problems.

(_______/5 MARKS)

QUESTIONS 6-10
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the passage?

Choose the correct answer:

TRUE (T) If the statement reflects the claims of the passage

FALSE (F) If the statement contradicts the claims of the passage

6. Bournville is a village name that was taken after an English chocolate _____
bar.
7. In 1861, Cadbury brothers took over the chocolate business and moved _____
out from England.
8. Trains and boats have easy access to the new location of the factory for _____
distribution of goods.

9. There were 313 houses in the village when the new factory was _____
opened.

10. The Cadbury factory workers were given medical access and a _____
decent wage.

11. The houses are conventional on the outside but contemporary style inside.

12. Youngsters could attend evening classes at the community centre. _____
13. A park with several sports facilities was built for Cadbury’s _____
family and relatives.

14. The factory workers could use the sports facilities for free. _____

Other British factory owners were inspired by the Cadbury

15. brothers to provide high standards of living for their workers. _____

(________/5 MARKS)

SECTION TWO

You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on this section. Read the passage
below and answer the questions that follow.

THE MOST COMMON SONG YOU CAN’T SING IN PUBLIC

I The music Happy Birthday to You was written in the late 19 th century by
two sisters who called their version of “Good Morning to All”. That song
later evolved into the version popular today and was copyrighted by the
sisters’ publisher. The rights to the song were eventually purchased by
Warner for USD25 million in the 1980s.

II But now a group of artists is challenging Warner’s claim to the copyright.

The challengers said they had found proof that the song belongs to the
public domain, making it available for everyone to use, for any purpose at
no cost. They say a 1922 songbook containing the song predates the
song’s 1935 copyright. A ruling in the case could put the song in the public
domain years before Warner claims its copyright expires in the United
States (US) in 2030.

III For now, people who want to use ‘Happy Birthday to You’ in a movie,
television episode advertisement, or other public performance must pay
 Warner a fee. The company rakes in about USD2 million per year from
these fees, according to an estimate by George Washington University
Professor Robert Brauneis, who is now working as a consultant to the
plaintiffs in the case. One of the plaintiffs is a documentary filmmaker
Jennifer Nelson, who set out to make a movie about the song and ended
up suing Warner after learning she would have to cough up USD1500 to
feature the song in her film.

IV Suing is just the most recent reaction to the song’s licensing fee. In the
past, advertisers, writers, and even chain restaurants have devised clever
ways to skirt the copyright. They have included just the beginning or the
end of the song, played ‘For He’s A Jolly Good Fellow’ instead, or crafted
a completely different birthday song. And over the last few years, they have
developed a new tactic- joke about how they cannot sing the song because
the licensing fees are too expensive.

V Paul Greco who has been working as a music producer in the advertising
industry since 1991 says in all his years in the industry, he has not once
licensed the song, nor could he think of any notable ads that had. Ideas
involving children’s birthday parties would often be tossed because of the
licensing fee, Greco says, or his team would create its own music or pick
a song that was in the public domain.

VI But in recent years writers have begun to make fun of the fact that they
cannot include the song because of the licensing fee. ‘’It’s almost become
a cliché now to make fun of the fact that we’re not allowed to sing this,’’
says Robert Thompson, direction of the Centre for Television and popular
Culture at Syracuse University in New York.

VII In a 2009 episode of the NBC sitcom 30 Rock, the show’s crew throws a
birthday party when the song’s copyright comes up. ‘’Did you know that if
you sing Happy Birthday on a TV show you have to pay for it?’’ one
character asks before the cast breaks into song. They only manage to get
 out ‘’Happy’’ before they are cut off by the entrance of another character,
who spares 30 Rock from paying the fee.
VIII
The joke highlights the dissonance between the song’s ubiquity in
American culture- it is transcendence of social class, age and geography-
Thompson says, and the fact that single company holds exclusive rights
to it and charges a fee for using it in public performances. But that
dissonance could be over soon- if a judge declares Warner’s copyright is
invalid.

Adapted from: The Most Common Song You Can’t Sing in Public. Retrieved 11 April 2021 from
https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-33993718

QUESTIONS 16-21

Find the SYNONYM of the following words in the paragraph stated. Select one
answer.
16. The word evolved in paragraph I can best be replaced with
A. elaborated
B. developed
C. disclosed
D. increased

17. The word predates in paragraph II can best be replaced with

A. outranks
B. introduces
C. leads
D. rings in

18. The word plaintiffs in paragraph III can best be replaced with
A. accusers
B. defendants
C. prosecuters
D. informers
19. The word devised in paragraph IV can best be replaced with
A. cooked up
B. conceived
C. improvised
D. planned

20. The word notable in paragraph V can best be replaced with

A. rare
B. prominent
C. noteworthy
D. well-known

21. The word cliché in paragraph VI can best be replaced with

A. saying
B. maxim
C. potboiler
D. stereotype

(_______/6 MARKS)

QUESTIONS 22–27

Match the phrases in the column on the left to the ones on the right to form a complete
sentence. Write your answer in the space provided.

22. The “Happy Birthday to You” song a) used interesting method,

turned into a famous song making fun of the company
to avoid the copyright.

23. In one of the cases handled by b) due to the licensing fee and
Professor Robert Brauneis, he would creatively come out
with a new one.

24. Aforetime, many entertainment c) which later was patented.

companies, including those from
non-entertainment industry

25. A music producer working since d) when he told them about it

 1991 said that birthday themed and an actor cut them from
song has always been discarded singing it.

26. A sitcom-show almost had to pay e) then the song can be used
the licensing fee but was saved by a publicly.
crew

27. Once a judge rules the invalidity of f) a documentary filmmaker

learnt that they have to fork
Warner’s exclusive right
out a hefty sum to feature
the song in the film.

(_______/6 MARKS)

QUESTIONS 28-35

Complete the sentences WITH NOT MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A

NUMBER taken from the text.

28. The “Happy Birthday to You” song has gained its fame and the original singers
has claimed the trademark and the right was sold with the amount of
______________.

29. A group of entertainers is disputing Warner’s claim as they found out the
belonging of the song in ______________ allowing it to be used by the public.

30. A ______________ published earlier than 1935 was found to have the song in
it which overrule the copyright by Warner.

31. It was estimated by George Washington University that Warner

________________ millions every year from the Happy Birthday song’s fee.

32. People from the music industry, even others made a mockery of the copyright
where they included either the ______________ or the end of the song.

33. The latest tactic is where they ______________ about how the licensing fees
are too pricey so they cannot sing the song.

34. During an episode in 30 Rock, the crews throw a birthday party and brought up
the ______________, sparing 30 Rock from paying the fee.
35. Thompson says, the joke underlines the disagreement in the American culture
in its ______________ of social class, age, and geography.

(________/8 MARKS)