Question 1: 

Incorrect
Errors can be introduced when performing infrared thermography condition monitoring
due to which of the following

All options are correct

(Correct)

Color of material

Shiny surfaces

(Incorrect)

Material geometry
Explanation
All options provided can result in errors while measuring with infrared thermography

Further reading

Maintenance and Reliability Best Practices by Ramesh Gulati 2nd edition 256

Question 2: Incorrect
A condition-based maintenance program can be characterized by a combination of the
following phases except

Diagnosis/Prognosis
 

Process

(Correct)

Remedy

(Incorrect)

Surveillance
Explanation
Any condition-based maintenance program can be characterized by a combination of
three phases -

Surveillance — monitoring machinery condition to detect incipient problems

Diagnosis / Prognosis — isolating the cause of the problem and developing a corrective
action plan based on its condition and remaining life.

Remedy — performing corrective action

Further reading

Maintenance and Reliability Best Practices by Ramesh Gulati 2nd edition Pg 245

Question 3: Incorrect
Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration describe are used in condition monitoring to
measure

Vibrations
 (Correct)

Pressure

Flow rates

(Incorrect)

Leaks
Explanation
The three key measures used to evaluate the magnitude of vibrations are:

• Displacement

• Velocity

• Acceleration

Further reading

Maintenance and Reliability Best Practices by Ramesh Gulati 2nd edition pg 248

Question 4: Correct
In a system involving a pump, coupling, and a motor, the reliability of each component is
90%. In such a case, the reliability of the overall system (pump-coupling-motor together)

Depends on which component failed

Greater than 90%

 

Cannot be determined with the information provided

Less than 90%

(Correct)

Explanation
This system is connected in series so reliability = 0.9 X 0.9 X 0.9 = 72.9%

Correct option is " Less than 90%

Note.

System Reliability for  series connection is always lower than the reliability of the
individual components

System reliability for a parallel connection is always higher than the reliability of the
individual components

Further reading

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/50094

Question 5: Incorrect
Which of the following maintenance metrics are dependent on the mean time between
failures (MTBF)

Reliability & repair time

Maintainability & Failure rate

(Incorrect)
 

Availability & Reliability

(Correct)

Repair time & Maintainability

Explanation

Reliability  = e−T/MTTF. This means reliability is dependent on the MTBF

                       Failure rate is an inverse of the MTBF which means reliability is dependent

on the failure rate

Availability = = MTBF/( MTBF + MTTR). This means availability is dependent on the

MTBF

Maintainability is a function of the MTTR and repair rate

The correct option, therefore, is Reliability and availability

Further reading

https://www.fiixsoftware.com/mean-time-between-fail-maintenance/

Question 6: Incorrect
A condition monitoring technique that is especially attractive for identifying hot and cold
spots in energized electrical equipment, large surface areas such as boilers and building
roofs, and other areas where “stand-off” temperature measurement is necessary is
known as

Ultrasonic testing
 (Incorrect)

Infrared thermography

(Correct)

Infrared Spectroscopy

AC High Potential Testing

Explanation
The correct option is infrared thermography

Further reading

Maintenance and Reliability Best Practices by Ramesh Gulati 2nd edition pg 254

Question 7: Correct
Testing a limit switch during normal operation to see if it will work when called upon is
an example of

PM activity

Failure finding tasks

(Correct)


 Default activity

Scheduled restoration activities

Explanation
Failure-finding tasks are inspections we make of a particular piece of equipment to
discover defects or hidden failures. Therefore, they do not fit within a specific type of
maintenance. In these cases, the goal is not to maintain a certain asset but to
test whether it still works

Further reading

https://reliabilityweb.com/tips/article/definition_failure_finding_task#:~:text=A
%20routine%20maintenance%20task%2C%20normally,item%20is%20about%20to
%20fail.

Question 8: Correct
Run to failure will be applicable to all the following except

Ceiling tiles

Interior paintwork

Lead-acid batteries

(Correct)

Metal roofs
Explanation
Run to failure is a maintenance strategy where maintenance is only performed when
equipment has failed

In a lead-acid battery, electrolyte levels should be just below the bottom of the vent well,
about ½ - ¾ inch above the tops of the separators, and the electrolyte level should not
drop below the top of the plates this means that inspection and maintenance are
required for Lead-acid batteries and therefore are not candidates for a run to failure
maintenance strategy.

Further reading

https://www.fiixsoftware.com/blog/run-failure-make-part-maintenance-planning/
#:~:text=Run%20to%20failure%20is%20a,to%20minimize%20total%20maintenance
%20costs.

Question 9: Correct
A process that is used to determine “What maintenance must be done” to ensure that a
physical asset continues to fulfill its intended functions in its present operating context,
is called

Maintainability process

Condition monitoring

Fault tree

Reliability centered maintence

(Correct)

Explanation
Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) is a corporate-level maintenance strategy that
is implemented to optimize the maintenance program of a company or facility. The final
result of an RCM program is the implementation of a specific maintenance strategy on
each of the assets of the facility.

All other options are incorrect

Question 10: Correct
The bathtub curve is widely used in reliability engineering and deterioration modeling.
The area of a bathtub curve characterized by an increasing failure rate

Detectable failures

Infant mortality failures

Wear out failures

(Correct)

Random failures
Explanation
The area characterized by an increased failure rate is known as the wear out failures

Question 11: Incorrect
In a system,

The Reliability is R1 when the components are connected in series

The Reliability is R2 when connected in parallel with active redundancy.

The Reliability is R3 when connected in parallel with standby redundancy

Which of the following is true

R2>R1>R3

R1>R2>R3

R1>R3<R2

(Incorrect)
 

R3>R2>R1

(Correct)

Explanation
active redundancy and standby redundancy are forms of parallel connection

The reliability of the whole system in parallel configuration is much higher than in series
configuration. The components in parallel improve system reliability whereas
components in series lower system reliability.

Standby redundancy is achieved when, in a redundant system, the spare component is

not in an active mode continuously, but gets switched on only when the primary
component fails. In standby mode, the resultant reliability is a little higher in comparison
to active mode. However, the assumption is made that switching is done without failure
or without any delay.

Further Reading

Maintenance & Reliability best practices 2nd edition by Ramesh Gulati Chapter 6

Question 12: Correct
Which option is false about Maintenance?

Effective maintenance improves the inherent capability of an equipment or

asset

(Correct)

It is necessary to keep materials, tools and equipment in good condition in

order to achieve desired result
 

Run to failure is a maintenance strategy

Maintenance is needed in order to minimize frequency of interruptions of

machines and equipment
Explanation
Inherent Capability is often the design limitation of the resource. For a piece of
equipment, it could be the rated run speed, the maximum time between maintenance,
etc. These constraints are often the product of the design specifications, the quality of
the engineering, fabrication, and installation of the equipment.

Run to failure is a maintenance strategy

Further reading

https://hpreliability.com/operating-at-peak-inherent-capability/

Question 13: Incorrect
An asset is composed of four parts. In order for the asset to function properly, each of
the parts must function. Two of the parts each have a reliability of 96% and the other
two each have a reliability of 99.%

What is the overall probability that the product will function properly?

90.3%

(Correct)


 100%

95.4%

98.3%

(Incorrect)

Explanation
This system is connected in series because all parts are required to function  for the
asset to fuction properly. For systems connected in series

Rsystem = R1 X R2 X R3 X R4

               = 0.96 X 0.96 X 0.99 X 0.99 =0.903

Reliability of system = 90.3%

Question 14: Incorrect
Which of the following is an example of a scheduled discard activity?

Replacing a light bulb before it fails

(Correct)

Charging a rechargeable lamp before the power runs out

Periodically checking room temperature to ascertain the efficiency of the air

condition unit
 

Throwing out damaged food to prevent bacterial cross-contamination

(Incorrect)

Explanation
A scheduled discard task involves replacing a specific part or component of a piece of
equipment at regular time intervals, regardless of its performance quality.

Of the options provided, Replacing a light bulb before it fails best fits the definition of a
scheduled discard task.

Further reading

https://www.onupkeep.com/learning/maintenance-terms/scheduled-discard-task

Question 15: Correct
The following are examples of failure modes except

Pump impeller worn

Suction inlet blocked with a foreign object

Equipment unable to start

(Correct)

Pump drive end bearing worn

Explanation
A failure mode is a cause of a failure or one possible way a system can fail.
Or all options only "Equipment unable to start" does not indicate the cause of the failure
or potential failure

Equipment unable to start is a functional failure

Question 16: Incorrect
A P-F curve predicts the condition of an asset on what usually causes it to fail and
when.

Which of the following is false about the P-F curve?

P-F interval is used to determine the late finish date for a task

(Incorrect)

Equipment condition is plotted on the vertical axis while time is plotted on the
horizontal axis

The P-F interval is the time between an asset’s potential failure and its
functional predicted failure

Inspection interval must be equal or greater than the P-F interval so you can
catch a failure after it’s detectable, but before it actually occurs

(Correct)

Explanation
The equipment condition is plotted on the vertical axis while time is plotted on the
horizontal axis

The P-F interval is the time between an asset’s potential failure and its functional
predicted failure so its important that inspection intervals are smaller than the P-F
interval to catch a failure after it is detectable

The P-F interval is used to determine late finish dates of tasks eg inspections because
any deviation from the late finish date may result in a failure.

Further reading

https://www.fiixsoftware.com/blog/what-is-the-p-f-curve-p-f-interval/

Question 17: Incorrect
The Availability of an equipment is 95%. The reliability Engineer found during her
measurements that the MTBF was 100 hours. What is the repair rate?

2.5

0.25

0.19

(Correct)

1.9

(Incorrect)

Explanation
Availability = MTBF/(MTBF+MTTR)

0.95 = 100/(100+MTTR)

95+0.95MTTR=100

0.95MTTR= 100-95

0.95MTTR=5

MTTR= 5/0.95

MTTR = 5.26 hours

MTTR = 1/repair rate

repair rate = 1/MTTR

                  = 1/5.26 = 0.19

Question 18: Correct
The interval between the point at which a potential failure becomes detectable and the
point at which it degrades into a functional failure is known as

P-F curve

S interval

P- F interval

(Correct)

Failure mode
Explanation
The PF interval is the period between a potential failure detected and the point of actual
failure

Question 19: Correct
Which of the following is an example of a predictive maintenance task?

Changing V belts once a year on a fan drive

Changing oil on an hour meter set point

 

Lubricating equipment on a set schedule

Monitoring with a vibration equipment

(Correct)

Explanation
Predictive Maintenance (PdM) is a process for monitoring equipment during operation
in order to identify any deterioration, enabling maintenance to be planned and
operational costs reduced

The only option about monitoring is 'Monitoring with a vibration equipment'

Question 20: Incorrect
If an asset has a failure rate of 0.001 failure/hour, Which of the following is true

Reliability will increase if MTBF increases

(Correct)

Reliability will increase if  the MTBF decreases

Reliability will increase if  the MTTR increases

(Incorrect)


 Reliability will increase with an increase in failure rate
Explanation
Reliability increases as MTBF increases

Reliability increases with a reduction in failure rate

MTTR is not a function of reliability

Question 21: Incorrect
Due to the extreme cost of interrupting production, a manufacturer has two standby
machines available in case a particular machine breaks down. The machine in use has a
reliability of 94%, and the backups have reliabilities of 90% and 80% In the event of a
failure, a backup machine is brought into service. If this machine also fails, the other
backup is used. Calculate the system reliability

85.4%

95.2%

(Incorrect)

99.9%

(Correct)

67.7%
Explanation
This scenario means that redundancy was designed into the system. This involves
providing backup components hence the system is said to be in parallel.
Question 22: Correct
A measure of oil’s resistance to flow at a specified temperature is known as

Viscosity

(Correct)

Adhesiveness

Solvency


 Polarity
Explanation
The correct option is viscosity.

Viscosity is a measure of oil’s resistance to flow at a specified temperature. A change

(increase or decrease) in viscosity over time indicates changes in the lubricant
condition, or it may indicate lubricant contamination.

Further reading

Maintenance and Reliability Best Practices by Ramesh Gulati 2nd edition pg 262

Question 23: Correct
Vibration analysis can be used to determine the following issues except

Imbalance of rotating parts

Compressor valve leaks

(Correct)

Bent shafts

Damaged / bad bearings

Explanation
The correct option is compressor valve leak which can be determined by ultrasonic
testing

Further reading
Maintenance and Reliability Best Practices by Ramesh Gulati 2nd edition pg 250

Question 24: Incorrect
System reliability for components in series ---------------- as the number of components
increases

Increases

(Incorrect)

Remains unchanged

Decreases

(Correct)

Cannot be determined
Explanation
System reliability for components kept in series decreases as the number of
components increases. In this case, the system reliability is always less than the lowest
value of the reliability of any component.

Further reading

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/50094

Question 25: Incorrect
A reliability team is performing RCM on a piece of equipment. Which of the following is
true
 

Failure consequences with the most serious effects are prioritized

(Incorrect)

Failure effects with the most serious consequences are prioritized

(Correct)

Functional failures are prioritized and analyzed

All failure effects are equally important

Explanation
In RCM, Failure effects with the most serious consequences are prioritized.

Reliability–centered maintenance 2nd edition by John Moubray pg 4

Question 26: Incorrect
A reliability engineer has been asked to classify functions for an asset.

Speed, output, the storage capacity of an asset are classified as

Critical functions

Secondary Functions
 (Incorrect)

Primary Functions

(Correct)

Tertiary functions
Explanation
Primary functions are the main reasons why an asset exists at all. The function that the
asset is expected to perform

Secondary functions are additional functions. Functions are safety, control,

containment, comfort etc

The correct option is the primary function

Further reading

Reliability–centered maintenance 2nd edition by John Moubray pg 35

Question 27: Correct
A condition monitoring technique which of which uses high-frequency sound waves to
detect part defects such as leaks, parts seating, and cavitations is

Vibration analysis

Infrared thermography


 Sound amplitude

Ultrasonic testing

(Correct)

Explanation
The correct option is ultrasonic testing.

Further reading

https://www.mromagazine.com/features/complete-list-of-condition-monitoring-
techniques/

Question 28: Incorrect
A reliability engineer is calculating the MTTR and MTBF for particular equipment. An
increasing MTTR while MTBF remains constant leads to

Reduced reliability

Increased reliability

(Incorrect)

Reduced availability

(Correct)
 

Increased availability
Explanation
To answer this question correctly, it is important to know the formula for availability and
reliability and their dependencies.

Reliability  = e−T/MTTF

where T = Length of service before failure

           MTBF = Mean time to failure

Availability = = MTBF/( MTBF + MTTR)

From the equations above, It is clear that reliability is not dependent on the MTTR so all
options containing reliability can be eliminated.

From the availability equation, increasing the MTTR while the MTBF remains constant
results in an increased denominator while the numerator remains constant. This means
reduced availability.

Question 29: Incorrect
Why would an asset have an overall reliability that is low even though its components
have fairly high reliabilities?

The asset has a standby unit

Redundancy was designed in

(Incorrect)
 

Components are connected in series

(Correct)

Components are connected in parallel

Explanation
System Reliability for  series connection is always lower than the reliability of the
individual components

System reliability for a parallel connection is always higher than the reliability of the
individual components

Designing in redundancy or including a standby increases overall system reliability

Further reading

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/50094

Question 30: Incorrect
Which of the following technique is best to identify leaking tubes in heat exchangers
and condensers?

Infrared spectroscopy

Ultrasonic testing

(Correct)


 Analytical Ferrography

Infrared thermography

(Incorrect)

Explanation
The correct option is ultrasonic testing

Further reading

Maintenance and Reliability Best Practices by Ramesh Gulati 2nd edition pg 257

Question 31: Correct
The following options are objectives of Lubricant (Oil) and Wear Particle Analysis except

To determine if a different lubricant should be used

(Correct)

To determine if lubrication has become contaminated

To determine lubrication condition

To determine an asset’s mechanical wear condition

Explanation
The objective of oil analysis is to determine:

• An asset’s mechanical wear condition

• Lubricant condition

• If the lubricant has become contaminated

Further reading

Maintenance and Reliability Best Practices by Ramesh Gulati 2nd edition pg 260

Question 32: Correct
The bathtub curve is widely used in reliability engineering and deterioration modeling.

The Bathtub Curve shows

The failure rate on the horizontal axis and time on the vertical axis

MTBF on the horizontal axis and time on the vertical axis

MTBF on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis

The failure rate on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis

(Correct)

Explanation
 A Bathtub
curve shows T

The failure rate is plotted on the vertical axis and time on the horizontal axis.

Note - The bathtub curve consists of three periods: an infant mortality period with a
decreasing failure rate followed by a normal life period (also known as "useful life") with
a low, relatively constant failure rate and concluding with a wear-out period that exhibits
an increasing failure rate.

Question 33: Incorrect
If the availability of a machine is influenced by its reliability, what is the other machine
characteristic that also affects its availability?

Utilization

Quality

Maintainability
 (Correct)

Maintenance

(Incorrect)

Explanation
Availability = MTBF/(MTBF+MTTR)

MTBF determines reliability while MTTR determines maintainability

Hence the correct option is maintainability

Question 34: Incorrect

The following are the objectives of Maintenance except

Prevent equipment downtime

To maximize the useful life of equipment

Increase MTTR

(Correct)

To enhance the safety of manpower.

(Incorrect)
Explanation
Increasing MTTR is not an objective of maintenance. Maintenance aims to minimize the
frequency of interruptions
Question 35: Incorrect
The Mean time between failure (MTBF) can be used for the following except

Conduct a root cause analysis

(Incorrect)

Optimize schedule restoration activities

Estimate and evaluate repair time

(Correct)

Optimize schedule discard activities

Explanation
MTBF is a maintenance metric, represented in hours, showing how long a piece of
equipment operates without interruption.

Because it predicts the time between failures it is widely used to optimize scheduled
discard and scheduled restoration activities.

MTBF also provided required information such as failure rates which are input into the
RCA process.

MTBF is not used to estimate repair time

Further reading
https://www.fiixsoftware.com/blog/mean-time-between-fail/

Question 36: Incorrect
Water is generally referred to as a chemical contaminant when suspended in oils. The
following options are  methods of determining water/moisture ingress levels in a
lubricant is known as

Karl fisher method

(Incorrect)

Crackle test

Total moisture count

(Correct)

Infrared spectroscopy
Explanation
Total moisture count is a made-up term. All other options can be used to determine
moisture content in lubricants

Further reading

Maintenance and Reliability Best Practices by Ramesh Gulati 2nd edition pg 262

https://www.machinerylubrication.com/Read/192/water-contaminant-oil

Question 37: Incorrect
A maintenance team is conducting a brainstorming session on how to optimize their
scheduled restoration and scheduled discard activities.
Scheduled restoration and scheduled discard are generally known as

Corrective maintenance

Condition-based maintenance

(Incorrect)

Preventive maintenance

(Correct)

Default actions
Explanation
Scheduled discard task involves replacing a specific part or component of a piece of
equipment at regular time intervals, regardless of its performance quality.

A scheduled restoration task is a complete overhaul of machinery or equipment that is

performed on a predetermined schedule regardless of the condition of the equipment.

They are both  preventive maintenance tasks

Reliability–centered maintenance 2nd edition by John Moubray pg 14

Question 38: Correct
A failure mode whose failure effects do not become apparent to the operators on its
own under normal circumstances is known as


 Redundancy

Hidden failure

(Correct)

Unplanned failure

Back up
Explanation
Hidden failure means a failure that is not immediately evident to operations or
maintenance personnel and has the potential for failure of equipment to perform an on-
demand function, such as protective functions in power plants and switchboards,
standby equipment, backup power supplies

Further reading

https://iadclexicon.org/hidden-failure/#:~:text=Hidden%20failure%20means%20a
%20failure,or%20lack%20of%20capacity%20or

Question 39: Incorrect
The reliability of two components are 92% and 94% respectively. Which of the following
options is true

When connected in series, resulting reliability is greater than 85% but less than
100% when connected in parallel

(Correct)


 When connected in series, resulting reliability is greater than 90% but lee than
98% when connected in parallel

When connected in series, resulting reliability is greater than 85% but less than
98% when connected in parallel

(Incorrect)

When connected in series, resulting reliability is greater than 88% but less than
99% when connected in parallel
Explanation
Reliability in series = Rs= R1 X R2 = 0.92 X 0.94 = 0.865 X 100 = 86.5%

Reliability in parallel = Rp =1-[(1-R1) X(1-R2)] 1-(1-0.92) X (1-0.94)

                                           =1-(0.08 X0.06)

                                           =1-0.0048 =0.9952 *100 = 99.52%

When connected in series, resulting reliability is greater than 85% but less than 100%
when connected in parallel

Question 40: Correct
A reliability team is analyzing potential failure modes in an asset. Failure modes may
include all of the following except

All options are correct

(Correct)

deterioration
 

design failures

failures caused by human errors

Explanation
Failure modes" means the ways, or modes, in which something might fail

All options are correct

Reliability–centered maintenance 2nd edition by John Moubray chapter 4

Continue
Retake test