‫ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻳﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ   ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﻤﻰ‬

 ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ‪:‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺳﺨﻨﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﻰ‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ‪ :‬ﻣﻮ ﻟﻴﻪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ &‪ :‬ﺳﺘﮕﺎ‪ #‬ﻫﺎ" ﺗﺰﻳﻖ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ‬
‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮ&‪ :‬ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﻓﻨﻰ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻫﺎ‬
 ‫ﺳﺨﻨﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ‪  #‬ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﭽﻪ " ﻳﮕﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺗﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﻫﺎ  ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻫﺎ"‬
‫ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎ‪ #‬ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻰ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻳﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪B > .‬ﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻰ > ﻫﺪ=‬
‫ﻳﺮ ﭘﻰ ﻳﻮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮ‪ G‬ﻧﺶ ﻓﻨﻰ  ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﻦ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻳﺮ ﻋﺰﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬ ﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﭙﻰ ﺑﺮ"  ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ > #‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺠﺎ> ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮ‪I‬‬
‫‪M‬ﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻋﺘﻘﺎ ﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ #‬ﻧﻤﻰ ﺗﻮﻧﺪ > ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻰ  ﺷﺘﺒﺎﻫﺎ'‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻰ  ﻧﮕﺎﺷﻰ  ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬ > ﻛﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎ ﺧﻮﻫﺸﻤﻨﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﺎ  > ﻧﻈﺮ' ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻘﺎ' ﺧﻮ ﺑﻬﺮ‪ #‬ﻣﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺒﺎ‪ ,‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ‪:‬‬

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‫ﻣـﻮﻟﻴـﻪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮ ﺗﺎ ﻫـﺎ‬

 ‫‪/‬ﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﭘـﻠﻰ ﻳـﻮﺗﺎ ﻫـﺎ‬

‫ ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ﻛﻠﻰ ﻣﻮ ﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮ > " ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ' ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﻠﻰ ُ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰﻳﻨﺪ‪#‬‬
‫>ﻧﺠﻴﺮﻫﺎ  ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎ' ﻟﻰ ﻓﻠﺰ" ﻧﺎ& ﺑﺮ‪  .‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺳﻰ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻮ ﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻰ ﭘﺮ>ﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫◄ ﻛﻨﺶ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻫﺎ‬

‫ﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ‬

‫◄ ‪ 8‬ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ‪ 4‬ﻫﺎ )‪:(Diisocyanates‬‬

‫ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ' ﻫﺎ ﻏﻠﺐ > ﻛﻨﺶ ‪B‬ﻣﻴﻦ  ﻓﺴﮋ  ﺣﻼ ﻫﺎ" ﺑﻰ ﺛﺮ  ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻣﺎﻳﻰ >ﻳﺮ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺗﺎ ‪ 100‬ﺟﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ " .‬ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ' ﻫﺎ "  ﮔﺮ‪ #‬ﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻰ‬

‫> ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﺮ= ﺗﺮﻳﻦ " ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ' ﻫﺎ" ﺗﺠﺎ" ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮ ﺑﻪ ‪TDI (2,4)، TDI (2,6)، MDI،‬‬
‫‪ HDI، XDI، PPDI، CHDI، TMDI، TODI ، IPDI، NDI‬ﺷﺎ‪ #‬ﻛﺮ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪/‬ﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﭘـﻠﻰ ﻳـﻮﺗﺎ ﻫـﺎ‬

‫◄ ﭘﻠﻰ ; ﻫﺎ )‪:(Polyols‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﻰ  ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ >ﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ" ﻃﻼ` ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ ﻛﻪ "  ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮔﺮ‪ #‬ﻫﻴﺪﻛﺴﻴﻞ )‪ (OH‬ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ  ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻫﺎ >  ﻧﻮ‪ a‬ﭘﻠﻰ  ﭘﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﺮ"  ﭘﻠﻰ  ﭘﻠﻰ ﺗﺮ" ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﻧﻮ‪a‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﻰ  ﺑﻜﺎ ﻓﺘﻪ  ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ #‬ﺧﻮ‪ c‬ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ‪ B‬ﻫﺎ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﭘﻠﻰ  ﻫﺎ" ﺑﻜﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺘﻪ  ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻫﺎ " > ﻣﻠﻜﻮﻟﻰ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ ‪ 200‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 2000‬ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮ‪c‬‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻮ ﻧﺘﻈﺎ > ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﺮﺗﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺨﺎ‪ d‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫◄ ﭘﻠﻰ ; ﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﭘﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﺮ‪:(Polyester Polyols) 8‬‬

‫ﭘﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﺮﻫﺎ >ﻧﺠﻴﺮﻫﺎ" ﻣﻠﻜﻮﻟﻰ ﺑﺎ > ﻣﻠﻜﻮﻟﻰ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ  >ﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﻫﺎ ﮔﺮ‪ #‬ﺳﺘﺮ" ﺗﻜﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‬
‫ > ﻛﻨﺶ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﺮﺑﻮﻛﺴﻴﻠﻴﻚ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﺮﻫﺎ" ﻣﻮ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪  #‬ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ‪ G‬ﻫﺎ" ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬
‫‪ B‬ﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺗﻨﺪ > ‪ G‬ﭘﻠﻰ ﺳﺘﺮﻳﻔﻴﻜﺎﺳﻴﻮﻧﻰ  ﭘﻠﻰ ﻛﺎﭘﺮﻻﻛﺘﻮﻧﻰ‪.‬‬

‫◄ ﭘﻠﻰ ; ﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﭘﻠﻰ ﺗﺮ‪:(Polyether Polyols) 8‬‬

‫ﻳﻦ ﻧﻮ‪ a‬ﭘﻠﻰ  ﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ > ﻛﻨﺶ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻳﺰﺳﻴﻮﻧﻰ ﮔﺮ‪ #‬ﭘﻮﻛﺴﻴﺪﻟﻜﻠﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺪ  ﻣﺠﺎ' ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺎ" ﺑﺎ>" ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ  ﻫﻴﺪﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻠﻰ ﺗﺮ ﭘﻠﻰ  ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪ G‬ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ‪ B‬ﻫﺎ  ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫◄ ﻓﺰﻳﻨﺪ >ﻧﺠﻴﺮﻫﺎ )‪:(Chain Extenders‬‬

‫ﻓﺰﻳﻨﺪ‪> #‬ﻧﺠﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ  ﮔﺮ‪  " #‬ﻫﺎ  " ‪B‬ﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ" ‪B‬ﻟﻴﻔﺎﺗﻴﻚ  ‪B‬ﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺑﻨﺪ" ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺰﻳﻨﺪ‪> #‬ﻧﺠﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ ﺗﺮ ﻛﺮ >ﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﺳﺨﺖ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺰﻳﺶ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﺎ"‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪژﻧﻰ  ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ > ﻣﻠﻜﻮﻟﻰ >ﻧﺠﻴﺮﻫﺎ" ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎ ﺑﺮ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ‪M‬ﻛﺮ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ  ‪ B‬ﻫﺎ ﻓﺰﻳﻨﺪ‪> #‬ﻧﺠﻴﺮ ‪B‬ﻟﻴﻔﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﻜﺎ ﻓﺘﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ‬
‫ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ  ‪B‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﺰﻳﻨﺪ‪> #‬ﻧﺠﻴﺮ ‪B‬ﻣﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺑﻜﺎ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،#‬ﻧﺮ& ﺗﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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 ‫‪/‬ﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﭘـﻠﻰ ﻳـﻮﺗﺎ ﻫـﺎ‬

‫◄ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ )‪:(Catalysts‬‬
‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻏﺎ>  ﺧﺘﺘﺎ& ﻛﻨﺶ ﻫﺎ" ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻫﺎ > ﻧﻮ‪ a‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ > ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪#‬‬
‫ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﻣﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻮ‪ a‬ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ" ﺑﻜﺎﻓﺘﻪ  ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﭘﻠﻰ ﺗﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ" ﺳﻴﺪ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﺗﺎﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎ" ﺑﺎ>"  ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎ' ‪B‬ﻟﻰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﻴﻮ‪ "  #‬ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫◄ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎ‪/ 4‬ﻟﻰ ﻓﻠﺰ‪:8‬‬

‫ﺑﻄﻮ ﻛﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎ' ‪B‬ﻟﻰ ﻓﻠﺰ" "  ‪B‬ﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ" ﻧﻮ‪ a‬ﺳﻮ& ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎ' ﻟﻰ ﻓﻠﺰ"‬
‫ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ #‬ﻗﺮ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺸﻬﻮﺗﺮﻳﻦ  ﻣﻌﻤﻮ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ‪ B‬ﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺗﻨﺪ >‪:‬‬
‫‪DNPMP TMG، TMEDA، DABCO،TMBDA‬‬

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‫ﺳﺘﮕﺎ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺰ ﻳﻖ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮ ﺗﺎ‬

 ‫‪/‬ﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﭘـﻠﻰ ﻳـﻮﺗﺎ ﻫـﺎ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼ= ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ'  ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻ' ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺗﻤﺎ& ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ  ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﺶ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ  ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ > ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ‪ j‬ﻣﻰ ﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ' ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻰ ﺑﺮ" ﺑﻪ ﻧﺠﺎ& ﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ  ﺳﺘﺮ‪ k‬ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺷﺮ‪ a‬ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ >‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژ" ﺳﺘﮕﺎ‪ #‬ﺗﺰﻳﻖ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ  ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ' ﺧﻼﺻﻪ  ﻣﻮ ﻟﻮ>&‬
‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ #‬ﺷﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﻮ ﻧﻴﺎ> ﻳﻦ ﺳﺘﮕﺎ‪ #‬ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ G .‬ﻫﺎ" ﻣﺘﻌﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ"  ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژ" ﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ' ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ" ﺷﺪ‪ #‬ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ‪ > 8‬ﺳﺘﮕﺎ ﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﺗﺰﻳﻖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ  ﻓﺸﺎﺑﺎﻻ‪ 8‬ﻗﻄﻌﺎ‪ 4‬ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎﻧﻰ‬

‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎ ﻓﻮ& ﻫﺎ" ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺼﻮ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻠﻰ  ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮ " ﻓﺮﻣﻮ ﻫﺎ" ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻳﮕﺮ"  ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ‪B‬ﻧﻬﺎ  ﻃﻰ ﻛﻨﺶ ﻫﺎ" ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﻮ& ﻫﺎ" ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎﻧﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻ' ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎﻧﻰ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ " ﭘﻠﻰ  ﻫﺎ‬
‫ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﺰ ﺳﻴﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺎ  ﻣﻮ ﻓﺰﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺳﺘﻮﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﺎ‪ c‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ  ﮔﻨﺠﺎﻧﺪ‪ #‬ﺷﺪ‪ #‬ﺳﺖ ﻧﺠﺎ&‬
‫ﻣﻰ ﮔﻴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژ"  ﺳﺘﮕﺎ‪ #‬ﻫﺎ" ‪  B‬ﺑﺘﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻤﭙﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺎﻳﺮ  ﺷﻬﺮ ﻟﻮﻛﻮ> ‪B‬ﻟﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ‪ #‬ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺲ > ‪ B‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ" > ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺳﺘﮕﺎ‪ #‬ﻫﺎﻳﻰ  ﺑﺮ" ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ" ﻛﺎﺑﺮ" ﻣﻬﻢ ﻃﺮﺣﻰ ﻛﺮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ‬

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‫ﺳﺎ‪ k‬ﺷﻴﻤﻰ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬ" ﺷﺪ‪ #‬ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﻨﺶ ﺧﺘﻼﻃﻰ ﻓﻮ& ﺷﺪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺶ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﻴﺮ" ﺗﺰﻳﻘﻰ )‪ (RIM‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺑﻜﺎﺑﺮ ﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢ ﻓﻮ& ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺘﺮﻛﻢ )ﻓﻮ& ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﮕﺮ(  ﺟﺪ ﻧﺸﺪﻧﻰ  ﻫﻢ ﻓﻮ& ﻫﺎ"‬
‫ﻣﺘﺨﻠﻞ ﻛﻪ " ﺗﺨﻠﺨﻞ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﻳﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ  ﺗﻘﺮﺑﻴﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ  ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮ  ﻳﻚ >ﻣﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﻛﻮﺗﺎ‪#‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺮ‪ .‬ﺻﻄﻼ‪ p‬ﻛﻨﺶ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﻴﺮ" ﺗﺰﻳﻘﻰ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﺷﺪ‪ #‬ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ" ﻳﺰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻜﻪ ﻫﺎ" ﻛﻮﭼﻚ  ﻳﺎ ﻓﻴﺒﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺻﻼ‪ p‬ﺧﻮ‪ c‬ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ ﻛﻪ  ﺻﻄﻼ‪p‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻮ>ﻳﺖ ﻫﺎ" ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎﻧﻰ ﻫﻢ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫◄ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژ‪ 8‬ﻧﺪ> ﮔﻴﺮ‪  8‬ﺧﺘﻼ‪,‬‬

‫ ﺟﺰء ﻟﻴﻪ  ﺻﻠﻰ )ﭘﻠﻰ   ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ'( > ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ" ﺗﻐﺪﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺮ= ﻛﺎ" ﻛﻪ ﻣﺨﺎ> ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ‬
‫)ﻣﺨﺎ> >( ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻧﺘﻘﺎ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪  .‬ﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮ  ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ" ﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ  ﺟﺰء‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎ& ﻣﻮ ﻓﺰﻧﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﻌﺎ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ #‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ #‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮ ﻣﻘﺎ&  ﺑﺮﺑﺮ ﺷﻌﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﺪﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ  ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫‪B‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﺠﺎ& ﻛﻨﺶ ﺿﺮ" ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ   ﺟﺰء ﺻﻠﻰ )ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ  ﺟﺰء ﭘﻠﻰ ( ﻣﻮﺟﻮ ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎ ﺟﻮ  ﻛﻪ ﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎ‪ #‬ﻫﺎ" ﺧﺘﻼﻃﻰ ﺟﻮ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮ ﻓﺰﻧﻰ  ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﻮ‪ I‬ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ" ﻧﺪ>‪ #‬ﮔﻴﺮ" ﺗﺰﻳﻖ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ" ﻧﺪ>‪ #‬ﮔﻴﺮ" ﺟﺰء  ﻣﻮ ‬
‫> ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ" ﺗﺰﻳﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎ" ﻗﻴﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻠﮕﻰ ﺧﺘﻼ‪ I‬ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﻠﻮ‪ I‬ﺳﭙﺲ > ﻛﻠﮕﻰ‬
‫ﺧﺘﻼ‪ I‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ  ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎ>  ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﺪ‪ #‬ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺮ‪ #‬ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻮ‪ j‬ﻫﺎ" ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﻪ ﻣﻰ‬
‫ﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ >ﻣﺎ ﻛﻨﺶ ﺳﭙﺮ" ﺷﺪ ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻰ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﻴﺮ" ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪ‪  #‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻ' ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺗﻤﺎ&‬
‫ﺗﻜﻤﻴﻞ ﺷﺪ‪ #‬ﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫◄ ﺳﺘﮕﺎ ﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﺗﺰﻳﻖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ‪ 4‬ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎﻧﻰ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ 1‬ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺑﺎ‪ #‬ﺟﺰء  ﻧﺸﺎ ﻣﻰ ﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ" ﻛﻨﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺰﻳﻖ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎ ﺟﺰء  ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺰ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺧﺘﻼ‪ ،I‬ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ > ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﻣﺨﻠﻮ‪ I‬ﻫﺎ" ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ‪ #‬ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ >‬
‫ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺧﺘﻼ‪ I‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻮ" ﻓﺸﺮ‪  #‬ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﻳﺨﺘﻦ ‪ ) dB‬ﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ > ﻣﺤﻠﻮ ﻣﺘﻴﻠﻦ ﻛﻠﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺑﺮ" ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﺳﺘﮕﺎ‪ #‬ﻫﺎ" ﺗﺰﻳﻖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ( ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ"‬
‫ﻓﻮ& ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻨﺶ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ" ﻛﻤﻰ ﻧﺪ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﻧﻨﺪ  ﻓﺸﺎ ﺗﻤﺴﻔﺮ  ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻫﺎ" ﺑﺎ> ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺑﺮ" ﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮ ﺳﺘﮕﺎ‪ #‬ﻫﺎ" ﻛﻢ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺳﺎ‪  #‬ﻧﻴﺮﻣﻨﺪ ﻫﻨﻮ> " ﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ  ﺑﺎ ﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪  .‬ﺳﺎ ﻫﺎ" ﺧﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ" ﻧﺪ>‪ #‬ﮔﻴﺮ" ﻓﺸﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻛﻮﭼﻜﻰ ﻧﻴﻢ ﮔﺮ&  ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻧﺎﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ> ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺷﺪ‪ #‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ (1‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻰ > ﺳﺘﮕﺎ ﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﻓﺸﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ )‪ :a‬ﻣﺨﺰ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ‪ :b ،‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﻧﺪ> ﮔﻴﺮ‪ :c ،8‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮ ﻣﺒﺪ; ﻓﺮﻛﺎﻧﺲ‪:d ،‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻛﻨﺘﺮ; ‪ :e‬ﻫﻤﺰ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﻪ ﺧﺘﻼ‪ :M ,‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮ ﻣﺤﺮ‪T‬‬

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‫◄ ﺳﺘﮕﺎ ﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﺗﺰﻳﻖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ‪ 4‬ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎﻧﻰ‬

‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ" ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻰ ‪ G‬ﻛﺎ ﻛﺮ ﺳﺘﮕﺎ‪ #‬ﻫﺎ" ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ  ﺑﺮ" ﺳﺎ ﻫﺎ" >ﻳﺎ" ﺑﻴﺎ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ > ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺧﺘﻼ‪  I‬ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮ‪ ،‬ﺟﺰء  ﻣﻮ  ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ  ﻓﺸﺎ ﻣﻮ ﻧﻴﺎ> ﺑﺮ" ﺗﺰﻳﻖ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﮔﺮ‪  G‬ﻣﻰ ‪B‬ﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺟﺰء ﻛﻨﺘﺮ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ > ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﺰﻳﻖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻛﺮ‪ #‬‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ  ﻛﻠﮕﻰ ﺧﺘﻼ‪ I‬ﺑﺮ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮ‪ I‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ > ﻛﻨﺶ ﻛﻪ ‬
‫ﻛﻠﮕﻰ ﺧﺘﻼ‪ I‬ﺑﻌﺪ > ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﻮ" ﻓﺸﺮ‪  #‬ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪،#‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﻛﺴﺎ>" ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ ﺳﺘﮕﺎ‪ #‬ﻫﺎ" ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ" ﻣﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺮﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ  ﻳﻜﺴﺎ ﺳﺎ>"‪ ،‬ﻛﻨﺘﺮ ﻣﺎ ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﺮ ﺗﻤﺎ& ﺧﻄﻮ‪ ،I‬ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮ ﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎ  ﻓﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎ" ﻧﺪ>‪ #‬ﮔﻴﺮ" ﻛﻞ  ﻣﺎ" ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻮ‪ > d‬ﻟﺤﺎ‪ w‬ﻧﺮژ"  ﻃﻰ >ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻗﻒ ﻛﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺷﻮ  ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ > ﺗﻬﻨﺸﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﻮ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪#‬‬
‫ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮ" ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻮ ﻟﻴﻪ ‪ #B‬ﺷﺪ‪   #‬ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ" ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪ" ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪) .‬ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ (3‬ﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻣﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻨﺘﺮ ﻣﺎ" ﻗﻴﻖ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﺳﺎ ﻣﺎﻳﻰ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎ  ﭘﻠﻰ  ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ  ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻳﺠﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ  ﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ" ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ" ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ "‬
‫ﻳﻮ‪ 2 #‬ﺟﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ (2‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻰ > ﺳﺘﮕﺎ ﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻫﻤﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻰ )‪ :a‬ﻣﺨﺰ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ‪ :b ،‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﻧﺪ> ﮔﻴﺮ‪،8‬‬

‫‪ :c‬ﻛﻠﮕﻰ ﺧﺘﻼ‪ :d ،,‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎ ‪ :e‬ﮔﻠﻮﻳﻰ ﭼﺮﺧﺶ ‪ :f‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻰ ﻓﺸﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ‪ :g‬ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ‪ :h‬ﻧﻴﺮ‪ 8‬ﻣﺤﺮﻛﻪ ‪/‬‬

‫ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﻠﮕﻰ ﺧﺘﻼ‪ :M ,‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮ ﻣﺤﺮ‪T‬‬

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‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ (3‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻰ > ﻛﻨﺘﺮ; ﻣﺎ  ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ )‪ :a‬ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ‪ :b‬ﻳﻮ ‪ 2‬ﺟﺪ ‪ :c‬ﺣﺪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ‪:d‬‬

‫ﭘﻤﭗ ‪ :e‬ﺷﻴﺮﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﺑﺎ ﺑﻰ >ﻳﺎ ‪ :f‬ﺧﻂ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﻧﺪ> ﮔﻴﺮ‪ :g 8‬ﺧﻂ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ‪ :h‬ﺧﻂ ﻳﺪﻛﻰ > ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ‪:I‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﺒﺪ; ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ‪ :M‬ﻣﻮﺗﻮ ﻣﺤﺮ‪(T‬‬

‫> ‪B‬ﻧﺠﺎﻳﻴﻜﻪ ﺗﺒﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻳﻮ‪ #‬ﺗﺎﻧﻚ  ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎ' ﺗﺎﻧﻚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻼﻳﻢ  ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺟﺮﻳﺎ ‪  &B‬ﺗﺎﻧﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺰ ) ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮ ﻣﺎ" ﺧﺎ‪ (c‬ﻣﺎ" ﻣﻄﻠﻮ‪  d‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﻗﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ" ﻧﺪ>‪ #‬ﮔﻴﺮ" > ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﻫﺎ" ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻦ ﻃﺮ> ﺗﻔﻜﺮ‪،‬‬

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‫ﻣﺨﺎ> ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮ' ﻣﺨﺎ> ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺸﺎ ﻃﺮﺣﻰ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﻧﺪ‪) .‬ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻮ" ﺧﺸﻚ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺮ‪  #‬ﺑﺎﻻ" ﻣﺎﻳﻊ  ﺗﺎﻧﻚ ﻓﺮﻫﻢ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮ‪ (.‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺰء ﺗﺤﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺸﺎ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ  ﭘﻤﭗ‬
‫ﻫﺎ" ﻧﺪ>‪ #‬ﮔﻴﺮ" ﺟﺮﻳﺎ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫◄ ﺗﻮ>ﻳﻦ )> ﻛﺸﻰ( ﺟﺰء  ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﺗﺰﻳﻖ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ‬

‫ﺗﻮ>ﻳﻦ )> ﻛﺸﻰ( ﺟﺰء ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ  ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺗﻜﺮ ﺷﻮ  ﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻰ > ﻗﺖ ‪ j‬ﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ" ﺑﺎ ﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ  ﺳﺘﮕﺎ‪ #‬ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ  ﻓﺸﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻛﺎ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﻜﺎ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﻮ‪ a‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ > ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ" ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ #‬ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻟﻰ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻛﻤﻰ > ‪B‬ﻧﻬﺎ > ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮ ﺑﺤﺚ‬
‫ﭘﻴﺮ" ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ" ﻧﺪ‪ " #‬ﺧﺎﺟﻰ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻜﺎ ﺑﺮ  ﺳﺘﮕﺎ‪ #‬ﻫﺎ" ﻓﺸﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻳﻦ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﺎ' ﺣﺎﺻﻞ > ﻧﺸﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻰ  ﻓﺰﻳﺶ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺷﻮ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼ‪ #‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ" ﺳﻨﺠﺶ  ﻧﺪ>‪ #‬ﮔﻴﺮ"‬
‫ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪B‬ﻧﻬﺎ )ﻫﻤﺮ‪ #‬ﺑﺎ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ" ﭘﻴﭽﺸﻰ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ" ﭼﺮﺧﺸﻰ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ" ﻧﺮ‪ j‬ﻫﺎ" ﺗﻮ>ﻳﻊ ‪ 12‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 150‬ﻟﻴﺘﺮ  ﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ" ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻰ ﻣﺤﻮ" ﻛﻢ ﺻﺪ  ﺑﺪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪#‬‬
‫ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ (4‬ﭘﻤﭗ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻰ ﻣﺤﻮ‪ :a) 8‬ﻣﺤﻮ )ﻣﻴﻠﻪ( ﻣﺤﺮ‪ :b T‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﺤﺮ‪ :c T‬ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮ ‪ :d‬ﻇﺮ‪ a‬ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻪ ‪ 8‬ﺷﻜﻞ‬

‫)ﺑﺸﻜﻪ( ‪ :e‬ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮ; ‪> :f‬ﻳﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬

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‫ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻳﺖ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ" ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮﻧﻰ ﻣﺤﻮ"‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﻫﻰ ﻳﺴﻜﻮ>ﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ" ﻣﺎﻳﻌﻰ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ  ﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻛﺎ ﻣﻰ  ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼ‪ #‬ﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻣﺎ‪ #‬ﺳﺎﻳﻨﺪ‪ " #‬ﻧﻤﻰ ﺗﻮﻧﺪ  ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﺮﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ #‬ﺟﻮ ﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﻞ ﻧﺪ>‪ #‬ﮔﻴﺮ" > ﻧﻮ‪ a‬ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪ" )ﻛﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ" ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮ" ﻳﺎ ﻓﺖ  ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻰ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‪(.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ" ﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪ ‪ RIM‬ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ (5‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮ>ﻳﻦ  ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﻫﻴﺪﻟﻴﻚ ﻣﺠﺰ ‪:a‬ﺣﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮ; ﻟﻜﺘﺮﻧﻴﻚ ‪:b‬ﺳﺘﭙﺮ ﻣﻮﺗﻮ ‪ :c‬ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺧﻄﻰ ﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﻫﻴﺪﻟﻴﻜﻰ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﻟﻴﻚ ‪ :d‬ﻣﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮ ﻫﻴﺪﻟﻴﻚ ‪ :e‬ﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮ ﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﻧﺪ> ﮔﻴﺮ‪:f 8‬‬

‫ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﻧﺪ> ﮔﻴﺮ‪ :g 8‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺧﻂ ﻣﻜﺶ ‪ :h‬ﺷﻴﺮ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺧﻂ ﻓﺸﺎ‬

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‫ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ" ﺗﻚ >ﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻮﺗﻮﻫﺎ" ﭘﻠﻪ " ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻮﻳﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ #‬ﺧﻄﻰ ﺟﺮﻳﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺳﺎﻳﻞ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﻟﻴﻜﻰ‪ -‬ﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻰ ) ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ (5‬ﺑﻪ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ‪B‬ﻳﻨﺪ‪  .‬ﺳﺎ ﻫﺎ" ﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ> ﺷﺮ‪ a‬ﺑﻪ ﺋﻪ ﭘﻤﭗ ﻫﺎ"‬
‫ﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻰ ﭘﻼﻧﺠﺮ" )ﻓﺖ  ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻰ( ﻛﺮ‪ #‬ﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺳﺘﮕﺎ‪ #‬ﻫﺎ" ﺗﺰﻳﻖ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻧﻮ‪ a‬ﺑﺴﻴﺎ >ﻳﺎ" ﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ  ﻳﻦ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ  ﻧﻮ‪ > a‬ﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺳﺘﮕﺎ‪ #‬ﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﺧﺘﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ ﺳﻮ‬

‫ﻃﻼﻋﺎ" ﻓﻨﻰ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮ ﺗﺎ ﻫﺎ‬

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‫ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﻓﻨﻰ )‪ (Technical Data Sheet‬ﺑﻴﺎ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ #‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎ' ﻓﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺮ‪B‬ﻳﻨﺪ"‪ G ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ=‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﻫﺎ" ﻧﺪ>‪ #‬ﮔﻴﺮ"‪ G ،‬ﻫﺎ  ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﻧﺒﺎ‪  G‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪ"‪ ،‬ﻧﻜﺎ' ﻳﻤﻨﻰ‬
‫ ﺑﻬﺪﺷﺘﻰ ﻣﺼﺮ=  ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ > #‬ﻃﺮ= ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪  #‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮ ﺷﻔﺎ=  ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻧﺪ>‪ #‬ﮔﻴﺮ"‬
‫ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪  .‬ﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺎ  ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ > ﭘﺎﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ" ﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ‪  #‬ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﻓﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻮ ﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ‪B‬ﻻ'  ﺑﺰ ﻣﻮ ﺳﺘﻔﺎ‪  #‬ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻣﻰ ﭘﺮ>ﻳﻢ  ﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ >‬
‫ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﻫﺎ" ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﻓﻨﻰ  ﺋﻪ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫◄ﻃﻼﻋﺎ‪ 4‬ﻓﻨﻰ ﻣﻮ ﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ‪ 8‬ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ‬

‫ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' } ﺷﺪ‪  #‬ﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﻫﺎ  ﺑﺴﻴﺎ" > ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮ‪M p‬ﻳﻞ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫◄ ﻧﺎ‪  f‬ﻃﻼﻋﺎ‪ 4‬ﺗﻤﺎ‪ e‬ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﺎ>ﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﻫﺎ" ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﻓﻨﻰ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻧﺎ& ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺋﻪ ﻫﻨﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺮ‪ #‬ﺑﺎ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﺗﻤﺎ‪   k‬ﺑﺮﺧﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻮ ﺗﻠﻔﻦ  ﻳﻤﻴﻞ ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻰ ﻓﻨﻰ } ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮ‪.‬‬

‫◄ ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﺑﺮ>ﺳﺎﻧﻰ‪(Last Update Time) :‬‬

‫‪B‬ﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﻳﺦ ﺑﺮ>ﺳﺎﻧﻰ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﺷﺪ‪  #‬ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﻓﻨﻰ } ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮ‪.‬‬

‫◄ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ  ﻛﺎﺑﺮ‪(Description) :‬‬

‫ ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﻓﻨﻰ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻰ > ﻧﻮ‪ a‬ﻣﻮ ﻟﻴﻪ ﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ‪  #‬ﻛﺎﺑﺮﻫﺎ" ﺻﻠﻰ ‪B‬‬
‫ﺋﻪ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮ‪.‬‬

‫◄ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‪(Appearance) :8‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ )ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺎ>(  ﻧﮓ ﭘﻠﻰ   ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ'  ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ" ﻣﻮﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺎ" ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ } ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮ‪.‬‬

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‫◄ ﻳﺴﻜﻮ>ﻳﺘﻪ )ﮔﺮﻧﺮ‪(Viscosity) :(8‬‬

‫ﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻣﺘﺮ  ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻳﻜﺴﺎ ﭘﻨﺪﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ  ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪ ﭘﺎﺳﻜﺎ‬
‫ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ )‪  (Pa.s‬ﻣﺎ" ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ) ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ‪ 25‬ﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮ( ﺑﺮ" ﭘﻠﻰ   ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ' ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﻣﻰ‬
‫ﺷﻮ‪.‬‬

‫◄ ﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ )> ﻣﺨﺼﻮ‪(Specific Gravity) :(i‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻣﺘﺮ ﻳﮕﺮ" ﻛﻪ  ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﻓﻨﻰ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﭘﻠﻰ   ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ' ﻣﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪ ﮔﺮ& ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻰ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )‪  (gr/cm3‬ﻣﺎ" ﻣﺮﺟﻊ )ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ‪ 25‬ﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮ( ﻣﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻻ>& ﺑﻪ ‪M‬ﻛﺮ ﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ‪ dB‬ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﺑﺪ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺼﻰ  ﻣﺎ" ﺗﺎ` ﺑﺮﺑﺮ ‪) 1‬ﻳﻚ(‬
‫ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻳﻚ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ > ‪ dB‬ﻓﻮ` ﻟﺬﻛﺮ >ﻧﻰ ﺑﺮﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮ&  ﻣﺎ" ﺗﺎ` ‪.‬‬

‫◄ﻋﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﻛﺴﻴﻞ‪(OH Content) :‬‬

‫ﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻣﺘﺮ ﻛﻪ  ﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻠﻰ  )‪ (Polyol‬ﻣﻄﺮ‪ p‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﻴﺰ ﺣﺪﻫﺎ" ﻫﻴﺪﻛﺴﻴﻞ‬
‫ >ﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﭘﻠﻰ  ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ  ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻴﺘﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ B #‬ﻣﻴﻠﻰ ﮔﺮ& ﻫﻴﺪﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻫﺮ ﮔﺮ& ﭘﻠﻰ‬
‫ )‪ (mgKOH/gr‬ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‪.‬‬

‫◄ﻋﺪ ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻰ‪(NCO Content) :‬‬

‫ﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻣﺘﺮ  ﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ' )‪ (Isocyanate‬ﻣﻄﺮ‪ p‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ ﺑﻴﺎ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ #‬ﺻﺪ ﮔﺮ‪ #‬ﻫﺎ"‬
‫ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻰ  >ﻧﺠﻴﺮ‪ #‬ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ' ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫◄ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﭘﻠﻰ ; ﺑﻪ ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ‪(Polol/Isocyanate Mixing Ratio) :4‬‬

‫ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﻫﻨﺪ‪ #‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ >ﻧﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮ" ﺧﺘﻼ‪ I‬ﭘﻠﻰ  ﺑﺎ ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ' ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﻳﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﺮ"‬
‫ﭘﻠﻰ  ﻋﺪ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ‪  100‬ﺑﺮ" ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ' ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺮ ﻋﺪ" ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺰﮔﺘﺮ > ‪ 100‬ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮ‪a‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،#‬ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‪.‬‬

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‫◄ﻣﺎ‪ 8‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪ a‬ﻣﻮ ﻟﻴﻪ‪(Chemical Temperature) :‬‬

‫ﻳﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮ ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﺷﺪ‪  #‬ﺑﻴﺎ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﺎ" ﻣﻮ ﻟﻴﻪ  ﻫﻨﮕﺎ& ﺧﺘﻼ‪  I‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫◄ﻣﺎ‪ 8‬ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‪(Mold Temperature) :‬‬

‫ﻳﻦ ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮ ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﺷﺪ‪  #‬ﺑﻴﺎ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﺎ" ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﮕﻴﺮ" ﺑﺮ" ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ > ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫◄>ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻟﺒﮕﻴﺮ‪(Demold Time) :8‬‬

‫ ﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ > ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﻓﻨﻰ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ >ﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﭘﺨﺖ  ﺧﺮ} ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎﻧﻰ >‬
‫ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‪.‬‬

‫◄>ﻣﺎ ﻛﺮﻣﻰ ﺷﺪ‪(Cream Time) :‬‬

‫ﻳﻜﻰ > ﭘﺎﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ" ﻓﺮ‪B‬ﻳﻨﺪ" ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﺷﺪ‪  #‬ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﻓﻨﻰ ﻣﻮ ﻟﻴﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ" ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ‪> ،‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺷﺮ‪ a‬ﻓﻮ& ﻛﺮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮ‪ I‬ﭘﻠﻰ   ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ' > ﻟﺤﻈﻪ ﺧﺘﻼ‪ I‬ﻟﻴﻪ ‪ B‬ﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ >ﻣﺎ ﻛﺮﻣﻰ‬
‫ﺷﺪ )ﻛﺮ& ﺗﺎﻳﻢ( ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ  ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ‪ B‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‪.‬‬

‫◄>ﻣﺎ ژ; ﺷﺪ‪(Gel Time) :‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ > ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﭘﻠﻰ   ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ' ﻳﻚ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺳﺖ )ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺳﺨﺖ( ﻣﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ   ﻳﻦ ﻧﻮ‪ > a‬ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﻳﮋﮔﻰ ﺻﻠﻰ ﺟﻮ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎ" ﻋﺮﺿﻰ  ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎ ‪ B‬ﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺪ' >ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻟﻴﻦ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎ" ﻋﺮﺿﻰ  ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﺣﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮ" > >ﻣﺎ ‪B‬ﻏﺎ> ﺧﺘﻼ‪ I‬ﭘﻠﻰ ‬
‫ ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ'‪> ،‬ﻣﺎ ژ ﺷﺪ )ژ ﺗﺎﻳﻢ( ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺴﻴﺎ ﺣﺴﺎ‪  k‬ﻣﻬﻢ  ﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﺳﺖ‪> .‬ﻣﺎ ژ ﺷﺪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ >ﻣﺎ ﻛﺮﻣﻰ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‪.‬‬

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‫◄>ﻣﺎ ﺧﺎﺗﻤﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻓﻮ‪ f‬ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ‪(Rise Time) :‬‬

‫َﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪ' >ﻣﺎ ‪B‬ﻏﺎ> ﺧﺘﻼ‪ I‬ﺗﺎ ﺗﻤﺎ& ﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﻓﻮ& ﭘﻠﻰ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ  ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﻮ& ﻫﺎ" ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ‪.‬‬

‫◄ﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ‪(Free Rise Density) :>/‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻣﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ‪ >B‬ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮ& ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )‪ (Kg/m3‬ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮ ﺑﻪ >‬
‫ﺣﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪ‪ #‬ﺑﺪ ﻓﺮﻳﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﮔﻴﺮ" ﺷﺎ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫◄ﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ‪(Mold Density) :‬‬

‫ﭘﺎﻣﺘﺮ ﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ‪ >B‬ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮ& ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ )‪ (Kg/m3‬ﮔﺰ‪  G‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫> ﺣﺪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪ‪  #‬ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺷﺎ‪   #‬ﻧﻤﺎ" > ﻣﻴﺰ ﻓﺰﻳﺶ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﻠﻰ ﻳﻮﺗﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺷﺪ‪ #‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻮﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺨﻠﻮ‪ I‬ﺷﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫◄ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ‪  8‬ﻧﺒﺎ‪(Packaging and Storage) :k‬‬

‫ ﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ > ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﻓﻨﻰ )‪ (TDS‬ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪  > #‬ﻣﺸﺨﺼﺎ' ﻇﺮ= ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ" ﻣﻮ ﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫ ‪  G‬ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻧﺒﺎ‪  G‬ﻧﮕﻬﺪ" ‪B‬ﻧﻬﺎ  ﺑﻴﺎ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫◄ﻃﻼﻋﺎ‪ 4‬ﻳﻤﻨﻰ  ﺑﻬﺪﺷﺘﻰ‪(MSDS) :‬‬

‫ ﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ > ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﻓﻨﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ‪ #‬ﻣﻮ ﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﻳﻤﻨﻰ  ﺑﻬﺪﺷﺘﻰ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺤﻮ‪#‬‬
‫ﻧﮕﻬﺪ"‪ ،‬ﺣﻤﻞ  ﺑﺰ ‪B‬ﻻ' ﻳﻤﻨﻰ ﻣﺼﺮ= ﭘﻠﻰ   ﻳﺰﺳﻴﺎﻧﺎ'  ﺑﺎ ﻧﻜﺎ' ﻣﻬﻢ ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮ"  ﻣﺎ ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻚ ﻫﺎ" ﻟﻴﻪ  >ﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ> ﺧﻄﺮ  ﺷﺮ‪ p‬ﻣﻰ ﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫◄ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﻃﻼﻋﺎ'  ﭘﺎﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ" ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﺷﺪ‪  #‬ﺑﺮﮔﻪ ﻫﺎ" ﻃﻼﻋﺎ' ﻓﻨﻰ ﺑﺎ ‪ G‬ﻫﺎ" ﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ . . .  ASTM, ISO, DIN, EN‬ﻧﺪ>‪ #‬ﮔﻴﺮ"  ﮔﺰ‪ G‬ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ  ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻜﺮ ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

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