JUST  REPHRASING      
14.  Patrick  didn’t  understand  you  because  your  
explanation  wasn’t  clear  enough.    
Rewrite  the  sentences.  Make  the  necessary   If  ……………………………………………………………………  
changes,  but  the  meaning  has  to  be  the  same.   …………………………………………………………………………  
  15.  First  we  bought  the  necessary  food.  Then  we  
1.  Susan  works  with  Michael.  Her  brother  is  a   cooked  a  fantastic  dinner.    
good  friend  of  mine.   Before  ………………………………………………………………  
Susan,  …………………………………………………………   …………………………………………………………………………  
……………………………………………………………………   16.  If  Sam  doesn’t  stop  talking  in  class,  he’ll  be  
2.  The  doctors  think  that  the  patient  will  survive.   punished.  
The  patient  …………………………………………………   Unless  ………………………………………………………………  
……………………………………………………………………   17.  I  haven’t  emailed  Terry  for  a  long  time.    
3.  Nobody  appreciated  Thomas  in  spite  of  his   It’s  ……………………………………………………………………  
wealth.   18.  You  must  go  home,  Peter.    
Although  ……………………………………………………   It’s  time  ……………………………………………………………  
…………………………………………………………………   19.  We  don’t  have  to  take  the  school  bus.  
4.  I  can’t  wear  these  jeans.  They’re  too  old-­‐ We  needn’t  ………………………………………………………  
fashioned.   20.  What’s  the  length  of  the  river  Thames?  
These  jeans  …………………………………………………   How  …………………………………………………………………  
……………………………………………………………………   21.  Sally  ate  a  lot  of  fast  food  when  she  was  young,  
5.  “You  must  obey  your  parents,”  our  teacher   but  she  doesn’t  now.  
said.   Sally  …………………………………………………………………  
Our  teacher  insisted  ……………………………………   …………………………………………………………………………  
……………………………………………………………………   22.  “Sorry,  Meg,  I  didn’t  find  your  keys.”  
6.  There  were  too  many  people  at  the  disco.   Alice  apologised  …………………………………………………  
That’s  why  we  left  so  early.   23.  Due  to  the  bad  weather,  we  decided  to  stay  at  
We  left  so  early  ……………………………………………   home  and  play  cards.  
……………………………………………………………………   Since  …………………………………………………………………  
7.  The  students  will  never  forget  what  Professor   …………………………………………………………………………  
Jones  had  done  for  them.   24.  “Will  you  have  dinner  with  me  tonight,  Louise?  
What  …………………………………………………………   John  …………………………………………………………………  
……………………………………………………………………   25.  The  company  made  a  huge  loss.  However,  only  a  
8.  I  prefer  swimming  to  sunbathing  now.   few  workers  have  lost  their  jobs.  
I’d  ………………………………………………………………   In  spite  of  …………………………………………………………  
9.  You  should  cut  down  on  fatty  food.   …………………………………………………………………………  
You’d  …………………………………………………………   26.  You  always  complain  about  doing  the  
10.  Why  don’t  we  have  dinner  at  home  just  for  a   housework,  which  is  a  nuisance.    
change?   I  wish  ………………………………………………………………  
How  about  …………………………………………………   27.  It’s  believed  that  banks  are  responsible  for  the  
11.  My  parents  made  me  finish  my  homework   global  economic  crisis.  
before  going  out.   Banks  ………………………………………………………………  
I  …………………………………………………………………   …………………………………………………………………………  
…………………………………………………………………   28.  It  was  unfair  of  Paul  to  accuse  me  of  being  
12.  You  mustn’t  drink  alcohol  unless  you’re  18.   always  late  for  work.  
Drinking  ……………………………………………………   Paul  accused  me  ………………………………………………  
13.  The  boss  gave  Paul  a  lot  of  responsibility.   …………………………………………………………………………  
Paul  ………………………………………………………   29.  I  hate  working  long  hours.  
  If  only  ………………………………………………………………  
  30.  “Has  everybody  finished  this  exercise?  
The  teacher  ………………………………………………………  
 
 
 
  

1. Two of his teeth were broken in a fight. HAD

He ……………………………………………………….. broken in a fight.
2. He went to the bank to get some money. SO
He went to the bank ………………………………………………………………….….. money.
3. As soon as I reached the station the train arrived. SOONER
No ………………………………………………………..……… the station than the train arrived.
4. “I don’t suppose you can help me with my homework?” Jim said to me.WHETHER
Jim wanted to know …………………………………………………….. with his homework.
5. She looked like she was going to cry. IF
She looked ……………………………………………………….. to cry.
6. You will be late for school unless you leave now. IF
You will be late for school ………………………………………………. now.
7. I want to have a party, but my flat isn’t big enough. WISH
I …………………………………………. big enough for me to have a party.
8. It’s a pity I didn’t go to that party. WISH
I ……………………………………………………………….. that party.
9. Why don’t you make an effort to improve your life? WISH
I ……………………………………………………….. an effort to improve your life.
10. She stayed up late because she wanted to finish some work. SO
She stayed up late ………………………………………………… some work.
11. Her feet hurt because her shoes were too tight. SO
Her shoes were …………………………………………….. her feet hurt.
12. The party was successful and we all stayed very late. SUCH
The party was …………………………………………………..…….. we all stayed very late.
13. Daniel hasn’t locked the doors yet. BEEN
The doors ………………………………………………………………….. yet.
14. He started painting fifteen years ago. BEEN
He …………………………………………………………… fifteen years.
15. The question was so difficult that I couldn’t answer it. TOO
The question ……………………………………………………………………… to answer.
16. Paul is the most careful driver of all. AS
No one else ……………………………………………………………………………………….. Paul does.
17. Ben is smarter than Steve. AS
Steve ………………………………………………………. Ben.
18. The last time she went her grandmother’s house was three months ago. BEEN
She …………………………..……………….. her grandmother’s house for three months.
19. Axel is mending the broken table. BY
The broken table …………………………………………………………………. Axel.
20. Mr. Burns is employing more staff. He wants to expand his business. THAT
Mr. Burns is employing more staff ……………………………………………………… his business.
21. We took a camera. We wanted to take some photographs. THAT
We took a camera …………………………………………………………………………….. some photographs.
22. When he first saw her, she was sitting alone on a bench. BY
When he first saw her, she ……………………………………………. on a bench.
23. I find people dropping litter disgusting. THAT
I find ……………………………………………………………………………….. disgusting.
24. He’s got little patience with young children. MUCH
He ………………………………………………………….. patience with young children.
25. There are only a few people who can speak Hungarian. MANY
There …………………………………………..……………….. can speak Hungarian.
 PASSIVE→ ACTIVE   REPORTED  →  DIRECT  SPEECH  
 
M Rewrite  the  sentences  into  direct  speech.    
Rewrite  the  sentences  into  the  active  voice:   1.  Pam  suggested  cooking  pasta  that  night.  
I      …………………………………………………………………  
X 1.  When  was  Shakira’s  latest  CD  released?   2.  Sue  asked  Peter  if  he  was  going  to  study  at  
When  ………………………………………………   university  the  next  year.  
E 2.  The  fire  is  said  to  be  caused  by  a  ray.   ……………………………………………………………………  
D The  police  ………………………………………   3.  My  brother  refused  to  lend  me  £10  and  he  
    ……………………………………………………………   added  that  he  didn’t  trust  me.  
3.  Sam’s  getting  his  car  repaired  tomorrow.   ……………………………………………………………………  
R The  mechanic  …………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………  
E ……………………………………………………………   4.  Carl  said  he  had  lost  his  library  card  the  week  
P 4.  The  competition  has  been  cancelled  by  the   before.  
members  of  the  Olympic  committee.   ……………………………………………………………………  
H The  members…………………………………………   5.  The  security  card  told  us  to  open  our  bags.  
R ……………………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………  
A 5.  These  letters  must  be  typed  by  2  p.m.   6.  Mum  wanted  to  know  who  I  was  going  to  the  
The  secretary  …………………………………………   next  Saturday’s  party  with.  
S   6.  This  wine  is  exported  to  the  USA.   ………………………………………………………………………
I Wineries  ………………………………………………   …………………………………………………………………  
N 7.  Lots  of  vegetables  were  grown  in  this  area   7.  Andrew  told  me  that  he  would  propose  to  
before  the  casino  was  built.   Mary  the  following  month.  
G   Farmers  ………………………………………………     ……………………………………………………………………  
  before  …………………………………………………   8.  Daniel  asked  Meg  how  much  her  new  laptop  
2   8.  Can  we  have  our  breakfast  served  at  7   had  cost.  
tomorrow?   ……………………………………………………………………  
  Can  the  waiter  ………………………………………   9.  The  policeman  ordered  Peter  to  turn  his  
A 9.  The  contract  with  the  new  Managing   mobile  off.  
C Director  will  be  signed  next  week.   ……………………………………………………………………  
The  company  …………………………………………   10.  I  advised  Pam  not  to  eat  so  much  ice  cream.  
T   ………………………………………………………………   …………………………………………………………………  
I   10.  I  have  had  my  black  jacket  ironed.   11.  Jill  commented  that  the  new  teacher  had  
V My  wife  …………………………………………………   given  them  a  lot  of  homework.  
11.  The  film  start  is  being  interviewed  on  the   ……………………………………………………………………  
E     red  carpet.   12.    The  nurse  told  the  patient  to  take  his  
  The  reporters  …………………………………………   medicine.  
& 12.  Nothing  has  been  heard  about  Mike’s   …………………………………………………………………  
promotion.   13.  My  brother  offered  to  give  me  a  hand  with  
    We  …………………………………………………………   my  translation.  
D   13.  A  powerful  sports  car  is  advertised  on  the   ……………………………………………………………………  
I   media  nowadays.   14.  Pam  didn’t  agree  to  come  around  that  night.  
Ford  …………………………………………………   ……………………………………………………………………  
R 14.  When  is  the  meeting  by  the  Democrat   15.  The  receptionist  remarked  that  Dr  Jones  
E candidate  held?   would  be  away  for  a  week,  so  I  couldn’t  make  an  
C When  ……………………………………………………   appointment  with  him.  
15.  A  popular  actor  is  said  to  have  crashed   ……………………………………………………………………  
T   into  a  tree.   ……………………………………………………………………  
  Magazines  ………………………………………………   16.  I  asked  Tim  to  get  some  fish  &  chips  that  
S ………………………………………………………………   night.  
16.  A  passport  is  needed  to  travel  abroad.   …………………………………………………………………  
P People  ……………………………………………………  
E
E
C
H  
 
 too or enough / so or such
 
1. The  coke  was  so  cold  I  couldn’t  drink  it.  
The  coke  was  too...  
2. That  house  isn’t  cheap  enough  for  me  to  buy  it.  
That  house  ....  
3. The  story  was  too  good  to  be  true.  
The  story  was  so  ....  
4. He's  such  an  exciting  dancer  that  everybody  wants  to  see  him.  
The  dancer..........  
5. My  sister  is  not  old  enough  to  go  to  pubs.  
My  sister  is  too....  
6. The  thief  ran  so  fast  that  the  police  couldn't  catch  him  
The  police....  
7. It  was  such  a  boring  lesson  that  I  couldn't  help  yawning.  
The  lesson...  
8. We  couldn't  go  swimming  because  it  was  too  cold.  
It  was........          
9. The  TV  volume  was  so  high  I  couldn't  hear  what  you  said  
The  TV  volume  was  too...  
10. It  was  such  an  interesting  book  that  I  read  it  three  times  
The  book...  
11. The  book  was  so  interesting  that  I  couldn't  put  it  down.  
It  was.......  
12. Jane  was  not  fair,  in  fact  she  knew  she  was  wrong,  but  she  didn’t  accept  it.  
Jane  was  so...........  
13. He  was  such  a  boring  speaker  that  nobody  paid  attention  to  what  he  said.  
The  speaker  ....  
14. She  is  too  unpleasant  to  be  the  leader.  
She  is  not....  
15. The  button  was  so  tiny  that  nobody  could  see  it.  
It  was........  
16. James  is  so  rich  that  he  could  buy  anything.  
James............  
17. The  trousers  were  too  short  for  him.  
The  trousers  weren't......  
18. The  train  was  so  slow  that  everyone  complained.  
It  was........  
19. He  was  driving  too  carelessly  to  avoid  the  accident.  
He  …  
20. The  students  are  not  interested  enough  to  concentrate.  
The  students  …  
21. She’s  too  shy  to  make  a  speech  in  public.  
She’s  …  
22. He  didn’t  work  fast  enough  to  finish  on  time.  
He  worked  …  
23. Some  people  are  too  impatient  to  be  good  teachers.  
Some  people  …  
24. We  didn’t  get  up  early  enough  to  catch  the  train.  
We  got  …  
nouns, verbs and adjectives +
preposition
 
Many nouns,
  verbs and adjectives are used with particular prepositions:
we say dozens of, die of, afraid of, and also ability at, apologize for,
 
pleased with. There are not many rules to help you choose correctly in
these cases, so you have to learn each expression separately.

Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition. Choose from the list
below.
at – in – of – with – from – to – for – into – about – between – on –
after

1. Are you interested _________ poetry?
2. I won’t go out! I’m afraid ________ spiders!
3. My handwriting is different _________ my
mother’s.
4. Mrs. Clark is very fond _____ classical music.
5. The 7.30 train was crowded ______ people!
6. She is very good _______ foreign languages.
7. Sometimes Julia is a bit jealous __ her Mum.
8. I need a change in my life! I’m totally bored
______ my life!
9. Sara is excited _____ going to Paris.
10. Michael is brilliant _____ playing chess.
11. Mum was angry ______ me.
12. Parents are responsible ____ their children.
13. My dress is similar ____ yours.
14. My personality is different ______ yours.
15. Anne was angry ____ not going on holiday.
16. Mary is fed up _____ her job.
17. Thomas is keen _____ playing chess with
his father.
18. I am fully aware _____ my duties.
19. Men are hopeless _____ ironing!
20. Sam is a little short _____ money.
21. Your quick response has prevented me ____
falling.
22. That man over there reminds me ____
somebody I know.
23. Alice got married _____ Henry.
24. Sara is used ____ waking up early.
25. There has been a worldwide increase ____
the unemployment rate.
26. The baby’s reaction _____ the vaccine was
extremely alarming.
27. There are many advantages _____ living in
the countryside.
28. My opinion differs ______ yours.
29. There are some differences _____ British
English and American English.
30. Were you invited ____ the party?
31. There’s a slight connection ____ her illness
and the food she has been eating.
32. It’s so typical ____ him to offer roses!
33. You don’t need to help me! I’m totally
capable _____ doing the job myself!
34. Don’t shout _____ me! It was not my fault!
35. You don’t need to shout ___ me! I can hear
quite well.
36. Sally complained ____ her mother _____
Peter’s behaviour.
37. I’m looking _____ my purse. I don’t know
where I left it.
38. I’m looking _____ my two-year-old cousin.
39. Susie is applying ___ her new job this week.
40. I’ve just read a book __ teenage depression.
41. Take good care ____ yourself!
42. Would you please translate this ____
Portuguese?
43. Kevin has succeeded ____ his job.
 ADJECTIVE Suffix – ITY Meaning
VERB Suffix-ENCE Meaning
Minor
Differ Possible
Insist Difficult
Interfere Moral
Curious

VERB Suffix-TION Meaning

Connect ADJECTIVE Suffix – NESS Meaning
Distort Happy
Organise Light
Correct Polite
Attract Sad
Contribute Good
Because we want you to know more... And more…because we care about you…
Pollute Empty
Reduce Weak
Donate Ready
Satisfy Ugly
Dictate Bitter
Imagine
Appreciate
ADJECTIVE Suffix – TH Meaning
VERB Suffix-MENT Meaning Strong
Amaze Long
Excite Warm
Require Wide
Move
And some more…
Govern
Employ
Measure
Embarrass
Disappoint

VERB Suffix-SION Meaning

Divide NOUN Suffix- SHIP Meaning
Decide Partner
Member
VERB Suffix-ER Meaning Dictator
Employ Relation
Consume Friend
Observe
Teach
Learn NOUN Suffix-IST Meaning
Violin
Journal
Science
Physics
Terror
 Use a lot of adjectives and adverbs in order to make your description lively!
Describing  People     Describing  Places   Describing  Objects     Describing  Events  /  
experiences  /  
    thoughts  
a) The introduction a) The introduction a) The introduction a) The introduction in
where you state where you give the where you give the which you give name,
general facts about the name and location of name of the object time, place, and
person, saying when, the place or building and/or the reason for reasons for celebrating
where and how you and/or the reason for choosing it
first met him/her. State choosing it
the reason for choosing
this person.
b) The body (2 b) The body (2 b) The body (2 b) The body (2
paragraphs) in which paragraphs) describes paragraphs) where paragraphs) in which
you describe their the main aspects of the you give an accurate you describe the
physical appearance, place or building in picture of it. Your preparations and the
personal qualities detail – for example, description should actual event in
and/or when you describe a include information separate paragraphs.
hobbies/interests. place you should about size, weight, Use past tenses to
Start a new describe what you can shape, pattern or illustrate those you
paragraph for each see and do there. Start decoration, color, attended some time
topic a new paragraph for origin and material as ago.
each topic well as many special
features. Start a new
paragraph for each
topic

c) The conclusion in c) The conclusion c) The conclusion c) The conclusion

which you express
your personal attitude
towards the person
includes your includes your
comments/feelings and comments/feelings and
/or a recommendation /or a recommendation
concerning this object
which includes
people’s feelings
comments or final
thoughts about the
event.

Describing Places:
Types of places: the country, the country-side, outdoors, the seaside, a beauty spot, a tourist spot,
a tourist’s paradise/attraction, the beach, a historic monument , a ruined place, a world famous sight,
the site of battle (sight = view; site = place)
Adjectives for places: remote, imposing, superb, easily accessible, inaccessible, peaceful, interesting,
memorable, awe-inspiring, world-famous, off the beaten track, little/much visited, tourist-ridden,
beautiful, picturesque, isolated, breath-taking, pretty, bustling sleepy, lively, sparsely populated

Describing People:
interesting, shy, diffident, pushing, overbearing , talented, lonely, sociable, likeable, a pest, intelligent,
introvert, extrovert, approachable, unapproachable, businesslike, humble, timid, practical, impractical,
a good mixer, a good conversationalist, anti-social, retiring, a sport, a snob, a bore, a know-all,
difficult, arrogant, shrewd energetic, conceited, modest, brash, self-confident, lazy, ambitious,
easy-going, strict, cunning.
Introduction What are you describing?

Body – 2 paragraphs
Characteristics of the person, object, place or event.
Each paragraph must deal with a different aspect!
Use a lot of adjectives and adverbs in order to make your description lively!
Conclusion What makes this special? (personal impression or opinion)

When describing people you may want to include

Physical appearance
Personality, character
Attitudes, behavior
Interests, hobbies, profession
Your personal impression / opinion

When describing places you may want to include

Location
Physical characteristics, atmosphere
Special attractions
The culture and people in the place
Historical details
Your personal impression / opinion

When describing things you may want to include

Physical appearance
Origin (where it was made)
Use
Your personal impression / opinion

When describing events you may want to include

The setting – where and when it happened – PAST TENSES
What happened – in chronological order
Your impression or opinion about it Now  it’s  your  turn!  
Choose  your  topic.  

Composition topics
1. Describe a person who influenced your life
2. Describe your city to your cousin in Australia
3. Describe your vacation with your family – in Israel or abroad
4. Describe your last class trip
5. Describe your birthday party
6. Describe a special gift you got for your birthday.
 7. Describe your first day in high school
8. Describe a sport event, a performance, a rock concert you have been to

Pay attention to the sample essays.

The Person Who Influenced My life
A person who influenced my childhood most was my father. He brought me up to sensitive, cheerful,
sensible as well as trustworthy person.

My father, Jack, is of medium height in his early fifties. Moreover, he is slim and has got short grey hair, but
he is becoming bald. My father’s face is round and friendly-looking. Jack has small blue eyes, which are
very nice, as well as long nose and small ears. He tends to wear casual clothes like jeans and T-shirt.

My father is an incredibly sensitive person, who helps everyone who needs it. Yet this help is disinterested.
Moreover, my father is so generous that he wants to share what he possesses with others. Furthermore, I
could talk with him about my problems because he is trustworthy and he keeps my secrets. What he does not
tolerate is lie. He has always told me that the worst thing is when we don’t tell the truth.

To sum up, Jack is the most important person in my life. Thanks to him my childhood was so good and
pleasant.

Welcome to Bohol, Philippines!

Have you ever been to Bohol? Let me tell you about this place which attracts many tourists. It is an island
located in the south near the province of Cebu. If you come from Manila, you can either take a plane or a
cruise liner to get there.

Aside from its pristine white-sand beaches and the Chocolate Hills, Bohol's tourism assets also include
centuries-old churches and towers. You can find there magnificent scuba diving havens, majestic falls and
caves and historical landmarks. Yet the primitive and exotic fauna and flora is something you don’t want to
miss.

There are many things you can do there to make your holiday enjoyable. For example, you can take a boat to
bring you to one to these islands where you could buy fresh seafood or eat in a floating restaurant. You can
also take a dive or have a swim in the clear blue sea with the amazing shorelines. In addition, the local
people are very warm and friendly so they will be happy to take you to various interesting places.

In short, if you are looking for the perfect vacation to relax and enjoy yourself, this is the place for you.

The Bungee Blast

One summer vacation I went to a surfing spot in South Africa, called Seal Beach. There I found the perfect
thing to do, Bungee Jumping! I had never done it but I had always wanted to.

The Bungee area was up on a bridge surrounded by trees, big rocks, and hills all over. On the way up to the
bridge I got a little nervous. When I got there, I was so scared my knees were about to give up on me. Then
the owner came out and asked me my age. He weighed me and measured my height too. Afterwards , he
strapped on a huge weight to my ankles. It was so tight I could hardly feel my toes. Then he attached a
gigantic bungee cord to the end. Last but not least, I had to wear a bright yellow helmet to protect my head.

Now it was time to jump. The owner told me to jump when he said “go”. He also gave me some useful
advise on not to look down. As soon as he said that I looked down. What I saw was a big river and sharp
jagged boulders. I closed my eyes and when I opened them the owner started counting.” One, two, three,
go!” I jumped off and my heart felt like it was about to jump out of my chest. Then, I opened my eyes and
everything was upside-down. I bounced up once or twice and that’s it.
Eventually, as soon as I got back to the bridge I knew I had done it. It was the greatest feeling ever. Who
ever thought I was afraid of heights?!

The Opening Paragraph

- As long as I live, I will never forget.... Popular adjectives
- This was the most incredible / amazing / exciting
wonderful/fascinating / unforgettable experience. interesting
- This was a once in a lifetime experience. fascinating
magnificent
incredible
boring
The Body of the Composition imaginative
Description of people creative
- He is / was an exceptional man. unique
- He / She has made a strong impact on me. exceptional
- I appreciate his / her special characteristics. extraordinary
-. Everybody appreciates the efforts made....
- He / She does his / her job efficiently.
- He / She enjoys an outstanding reputation.
- It's quite rare to come across such a unique To describe view
person. amazing scenery
scenic views
magnificent sights
. The Body of the Composition outstanding view
Description of Experiences breathtaking
- It was a unique adventure. spectacular
- It was an unusual experience.
- It was an exceptional experience. To describe weather
- It was an unforgettable experience Warm
Stifling
Humid
The Closing Paragraph Moist
- This memory will stay with me forever. Chilly
- The memory of that remains very much Freezing
alive.
- Although years have passed, I still To describe food
remember.... Tasty
- . .. have / has exceeded my expectations. Delicious
Extraordinary
Spicy
Useful Expressions Exotic
- feelings of elation Scrumptious
- feelings of relief
- sense of fulfillment
- a great
accomplishment
- overcome challenges /
obstacles
- exceed my
expectations
- allocate more time to
- break the routine
- achieve the goal
 WRITING COMPOSITIONS: For and Against composition
When we write a for and against composition, we want to show both advantages and
disadvantages and we conclude by giving our personal opinion.

OPENING - Some people love ____, whereas others prefer __. This depends on their age, jobs, hobbies and
Present the general topic how they grew up.
in an impersonal way. - ________ is a controversial topic. Some people say that ___, while others claim that_____.

DON'T GIVE YOUR

OPINION

LIST ADVANTAGES LIST DISADVANTAGES

- The most important advantage of ____ is - The main disadvantage of ______ is ______
- The biggest advantage of _____is _______ - The most important drawback of ___ is ____
- One of the main advantage is _______ - Another disadvantage of _____ is ______
- An additional advantage of _______ is - One major disadvantage of ______ is _____
_____
BODY
Present the advantages and
the disadvantages in two CONNECTORS TO CONNECTORS TO MAKE TO INTRODUCE
paragraphs. Give examples LIST AND ADD CONTRASTING POINTS EXAMPLES
POINTS On the other hand, / In For example / For
In the first place, / spite of / Nevertheless, / instance / Especially /
Secondly, /Thirdly / In Even though / However / Particularly / Such as
addition to this / Although / Despite / / In particular / Like
Moreover, /Furthermore, Despite the fact that /
/ Besides, / Finally,
 CONCLUSION
- In conclusion, ___ has / have both advantages and disadvantages. If, however, I had the
choice, I would choose ____.
- In conclusion, although there are two sides to a coin, I believe that ___
- To sum up, __ not only have / has advantages, but they also have / it also has
disadvantages. I strongly believe / as I see it, _______.

CLOSING
Add concluding comments
and GIVE YOUR CONNECTORS TO INTRODUCE
PERSONAL OPINION. CONCLUSION
In conclusion / In short / To sum up /
In brief / Lastly / Finally / All things
considered, / On the whole / Taking
everything into account, / As was
previously stated, /
 WRITING COMPOSITIONS 2 An opinion composition
When we write an opinion essay, we express our personal opinion on a particular topic. We
want to convince our reader that our view is the best.

OPENING
- In my opinion, __ is one of the most important issues today.

OPENING EXPRESSIONS FOR GI-

STATE THE TOPIC VING OPINIONS
EXPRESS YOUR In fact, in my opinion / It is clear to me that / As I see it / I personally believe that / With
OPINION CLEARLY this, I mean / There are other reasons why I disagree with this statement. I think …/ From my
point of view /

BODY
- I believe / think / feel that ________ - In my opinion / view ___
- It seems / appears to me that _______ - My opinion is that ____
BODY - As far as I am concerned, ______
Support your opinion
with facts, examples and
CONNECTORS TO LIST AND CONNECTORS TO CONNECTORS TO
reasons. Include a new
ADD POINTS INTRODUCE CAUSE INTRODUCE RESULT
idea in each paragraph.
In the first place, / Secondly, Because / Since / As / As a result, …/ Therefore
/Thirdly / In addition to this / Seeing that / Due to / / As a consequence /
Moreover, /Furthermore, / because of /Owing to / Consequently / For this
Besides, / Finally, On account of reason, …/
 CONCLUSION
- Therefore, in conclusion, it it clear that this topic is food for thought but I have some
reasons to believe that _______
- In conclusion, the issue of _____ should be regarded as an important topic.
CONCLUSION
STATE YOUR OPINION
AGAIN
Offer a solution or a CONNECTORS TO INTRODUCE CONCLUSION
warning. In conclusion / In short / To sum up / In brief / Lastly / Finally / All things
considered, / On the whole / Taking everything into account, / As was previously
stated, /
Greetings Dear …., Physical Appearance
Hi …, tall / short / average
Introduction Thanks for your letter. thin / slim / well-built,
It was great to hear from overweight /fat
you black / brown / ginger / fair
I´m glad to hear that .. blonde / curly / straight /
I´m just writing to … balding
Sorry I haven´t written in his /her teens /
for so long in his / her fifties /
Thank you so much for .. in his /her early/mid /late
Thanks a lot for .. thirties
I was so sorry to hear that teenaged / middle-aged /
Closing It would be great to hear elderly ……………….
from you Personality
That´s all for now. aggressive / nervous / shy
Must go now! patient / competitive /
Give my regards to … generous /selfish / mean /
Keep in touch. polite / enthusiastic /
Can´t wait to hear from tolerant /easy-going
you rude / careless / frank
Take care. talkative / quick-tempered
Looking forward to kind / sense of humour
hearing from you fascinating / pleasant / funny
Please write soon. sensitive / bossy / ambitious
Regards, considerate / mature /
Best wishes, responsible / honest /
All the best, sensible / possessive /
Bye for now. jealous / imaginative
Love, …………………….

Geograhical Features Beach / coast Peopl e Friendly /

mountain / valley temperamental
sea / lake / river affectionate
Adjectives major / ancient sophisticated
historic / old / cold / polite
industrial / tourist class-based
cosmopolitan / coastal, arrogant
medieval
Culture church / cathedral / mosque / a fountain / a port
musems, theme park / a monument / a statue / harbour
markets / castles / temple / a square / an art gallery
TIME EXPRESSIONS WHICH …… has both advantages
SHOW WHEN THE EVENTS and disadvantages.
HAPPENED There are both advantages
and disadvantages to …
Before / after / while / when /
As soon as / by the time / until / On the one hand
During / yesterday / last week / On the other hand
A week later / …… In contrast
It all began when … Moreover, furthermore
Suddenly Firstly / secondly / ...
In the first place / second ..
SEQUENCE EXPRESSIONS In conclusion / to sum up
WHICH SHOW THE ORDER In short
OF THE EVENTS.

At first / first / in the beginning /

To begin with / next / then / later
Meanwhile / in the end / finally
Eventually.

In my opinion / As I see it / a little / a bit / slightly / fairly/ quite

It seems to me that / rather / really / very / extremely /
I think / feel / believe that
I (don´t ) agree that …
Personally
It is true that …
I also think that …
In addition, .. a delicious/ tasty food
Secondly, thirdly, … an exciting /entertaining / movie
In conclusion, an absorbing / an informative /
To sum up … fascinating book.
All in all, … a pleasant /an enjoyable trip
a skilful / fine player
a useful / helpful advice
Others: great / wonderful / lovely
and excellent
an unpleasant / disgusting smell
a dreadful / severe weather
an unpleasant / a frightening experience
a terrible / serious accident
a wicked / an immoral person (Vocabulary from Oxford Advanced
Others: terrible / horrible / awful Learner´s Dictionary)
an awkward / an embarrassing situation