Test Bank for Principles of Animal Physiology, 2nd

Edition: Christopher D. Moyes

Full download link at: https://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-principles-of-
animal-physiology-2nd-edition-christopher-d-moyes/

Chapter 1 Introduction to Physiological Principles

Principles of Animal Physiology, 2e (Moyes/Schulte)

1)

1
An explosion in physiological research occurred in the 1960s because
A)

2
there was an increase in the number of physiologists.
B)

3
physiologists in one specialty worked only with each other, concentrating their knowledge.
C)

4
physiologists focusing on local species, rather than trying to study organisms from many areas.
began
D)

5
all of the above
Answer:

6
D
Page Ref: 2

2)

7
The Alpha Helix was an oceanic vessel that was named
A)

8
because it was the first vessel to have helical mobility.
B)

9
because it was the first vessel to be able to circle the globe.
C)

10
because it had the ability to isolate DNA onboard.
D)

11
after the model for DNA structure.
Answer:

12
D
Page Ref: 3

3)

13
Animal physiology is the study of
A)

14
how structures allow animals to function.
B)

15
the chemical reactions found in animals.
C)

16
the genetic lineage seen in the evolution of animals.
D)

17
migratory patterns of animals.
Answer:

18
A
Page Ref: 4

4)

19
One physiology states that the physiology of an animal is part of its __________, which is based
theme in on its __________ and environmental influences.
A)

20
genotype; ancestry
B)

21
phenotype; genotype
C)

22
ancestry; phenotype
D)

23
phenotype; diet
Answer:

24
B
Page Ref: 4

5)

25
Which of the following statements is true about phenotype?
A)

26
After an initial development period, phenotype of an organism is static.
B)

27
Phenotype is affected by organization at the biochemical level only.
C)

28
Altering phenotype allows an organism to change its physiological response.
D)

29
Genotype may influence phenotype, but phenotype never affects genotype.
Answer:

30
C
Page Ref: 4

31
6)

32
The first person to carry out well-designed and careful experiments relating to body functions was
A)

33
Hippocrates.
B)

34
Aristotle.
C)

35
Galen
D)

36
Ibn al-Nafis.
Answer:

37
C
Page Ref: 5

7)

38
When Galen tied off the laryngeal nerve of a pig and it stopped squealing, he concluded that
A)

39
the laryngeal nerve generated sound.
B)

40
the brain and nerves control the voice.
C)

41
the laryngeal nerve allowed perception of pain.
D)

42
the laryngeal nerve controlled the pig's ability to breathe.
Answer:

43
B
Page Ref: 5

8)

44
One of the contributions of Andreas Vesalius to physiological study was
A)

45
demonstrating that Galen's work contained many flaws.
B)

46
authoring the first physiological text.
C)

47
reviewing the current knowledge of health and disease.
D)

48
discovering that the lungs allow the blood to receive oxygen.
Answer:

49
A
Page Ref: 5

9)

50
Scientists studying physiology before the 1700s believed that it was based on
A)

51
chemical reactions only.
B)

52
physical reactions only.
C)

53
either chemical or physical reactions (but not both).
D)

54
both chemical and physical reactions.
Answer:

55
C
Page Ref: 5

10)

56
The "cell theory" proposed by Schleiden and Schwann states
A)

57
organisms are made of units, or cells.
B)

58
organs are joined together to form cells.
C)

59
only organisms that contain multiple cells can evolve.
D)

60
the cell is the basis of physiology.
Answer:

61
A
Page Ref: 5

11)

62
Per er, one of the first __________ physiologists, looked at diving mechanisms, warm-blooded
Scholand responses to cold environments, and fish swim bladders.
A)

63
invertebrate
B)

64
human
C)

65
comparative
D)

66
ecological
Answer:

67
C
Page Ref: 6

12)

68
________ __ discovered central pattern generators.
A)

69
C. Ladd Prosser
B)

70
Knut Schmidt- Nielsen
C)

71
George Bartholomew
D)

72
George Somero
Answer:

73
A
Page Ref: 6

13)

74
A respiratory physiologist is an example of a/an
A)

75
cell and molecular physiologist.
B)

76
systems physiologist.
C)

77
organismal physiologist.
D)

78
ecological physiologist.
Answer:

79
B
Page Ref: 6

14)

80
Physiolo who study the interaction between an organism's unique physiology and its species or
gists population are called
A)

81
systems physiologists.
B)

82
ecological physiologists.
C)

83
integrative physiologists.
D)

84
organismal physiologists.
Answer:

85
B
Page Ref: 8

15)

86
One , known as __________, says that we can learn about one level of organization by studying
approach the functions at the level below it.
A)

87
reductionism
B)

88
emergence
C)

89
systematics
D)

90
bioinformatics
Answer:

91
A
Page Ref: 8

16)

92
A/an __ physiologist studies how an individual organism alters its physiology in response to
________ environmental challenges.
A)

93
developmenta l
B)

94
evolutionary
C)

95
environmental
D)

96
organismal
Answer:

97
C
Page Ref: 8

98
17)

99
An al who studies veterinary medicine falls into the category of a(n) __________ physiologist.
individu
A)

100
medical
B)

101
comparative
C)

102
systems
D)

103
applied
Answer:

104
D
Page Ref: 8

18)

105
Which of the following is an example of how chemical laws affect physiology?
A)

106
An organism is able to jump higher based on the attachment point of its muscles to its skeleton.
B)

107
An increase in pressure difference will increase the flow through a system.
C)

108
An increase in pH (fewer H+) will change the interaction of bonds holding proteins together.
D)

109
There are no examples because chemical laws have no effect on physiology.
Answer:

110
C
Page Ref: 10

19)

111
Which of the following statements about electrical gradients is correct?
A)

112
They can be generated by moving ions across a membrane.
B)

113
They are used to drive other processes in organisms.
C)

114
Neurons use changes in electrical gradients to send signals.
D)

115
all of the above
Answer:

116
D
Page Ref: 11

20)

117
Surface area to volume ratio influences thermal physiology such that
A)

118
small animals have a higher surface area to volume ratio, decreasing heat loss.
B)

119
small animals have a lower surface area to volume ratio, decreasing heat loss.
C)

120
small animals have a higher surface area to volume ratio, increasing heat loss.
D)

121
small animals have a lower surface area to volume ratio, increasing heat loss.
Answer:

122
C
Page Ref: 11

21)

123
Max work suggesting that the scaling coefficient for metabolic rate should be 2/3 is based on
Rubner's
A)

124
relationships between surface area and volume.
B)

125
relationships between body mass and volume.
C)

126
relationships between volume and metabolism.
D)

127
relationships between metabolism and activity of the animal.
Answer:

128
A
Page Ref: 11

129
22)

130
Which of the following statements about conformers and regulators is correct?
A)

131
In a conformer, internal conditions mimic external changes.
B)

132
In a regulator, internal conditions regulate external changes.
C)

133
An organism could be a thermo-conformer and an ionoregulator.
D)

134
both A and C
Answer:

135
D
Page Ref: 12

23)

136
Being a conformer is beneficial because
A)

137
it's possible to maintain a stable environment.
B)

138
it consumes less energy than being a regulator.
C)

139
it allows an live in a wide range of environments that differ from its internal environment.
organism to
D)

140
all of the above
Answer:

141
B
Page Ref: 12

24)

142
Maintain ing homeostasis relies on
A)

143
short-term behavioral changes.
B)

144
short-term physiological changes.
C)

145
long term strategies.
D)

146
all of the above
Answer:

147
D
Page Ref: 12

25)

148
Growing and shedding fur is an example of a physiological change following a
A)

149
seasonal cycle.
B)

150
circadian rhythm.
C)

151
lunar cycle.
D)

152
diurnal cycle.
Answer:

153
A
Page Ref: 12

26)

154
When maintaining homeostasis, it is important to do all of the following EXCEPT
A)

155
detect external conditions.
B)

156
control external conditions.
C)

157
generate compensatory responses to the changes.
D)

158
protect vital areas from damaging changes.
Answer:

159
B
Page Ref: 12-13

27)

160
The set point in a feedback loop is
A)

161
the point at which the stimulus no longer is required.
B)

162
the point at which the (effector) organ or gland starts to change the environment.
C)

163
a range of values for a parameter that the body tries to maintain.
D)

164
the last step of a series of changes before the body is "set."
Answer:

165
C
Page Ref: 13

28)

166
________ __ is/are an example of positive feedback loop control.
A)

167
Vomiting
B)

168
Maintaining internal body temperature
C)

169
Plasma glucose levels
D)

170
Eating when hungry
Answer:

171
A
Page Ref: 13

29)

172
The phenotypic expression of a genotype can be altered by
A)

173
developmenta l processes.
B)

174
environmental conditions.
C)

175
physiological conditions.
D)

176
all of the above
Answer:

177
D
Page Ref: 13-14

30)

178
Polyphe nism is a type of phenotypic plasticity that
A)

179
can be easily reversed when necessary.
B)

180
occurs only when adults are exposed to certain environmental factors.
C)

181
is also called developmental plasticity.
D)

182
all of the above
Answer:

183
C
Page Ref: 14

31)

184
Acclimat ization is a term referring to
A)

185
irreversible changes in phenotype due to natural environmental variation.
B)

186
irreversible changes in phenotype due to controlled environmental change.
C)

187
reversible changes in phenotype due to natural environmental variation.
D)

188
reversible changes in phenotype due to controlled environmental change.
Answer:

189
C
Page Ref: 14

32)

190
The proximate cause of an organism's unique characteristic can be answered by
A)

191
studying the animals lineage.
B)

192
looking for evolutionary advantages of the characteristic.
C)

193
identifying the genes that regulate the characteristic.
D)

194
both A and B
Answer:

195
C
Page Ref: 15

33)

196
The term adaptation most commonly refers to
A)

197
changes within an individual that are irreversible.
B)

198
changes within an individual that are reversible.
C)

199
changes within a population seen over time.
D)

200
changes within an individual that cannot be inherited.
Answer:

201
C
Page Ref: 15

202
34)

203
Adaptati on can change the genetic composition of a population because
A)

204
environmental stressors favor survival of certain genotypes.
B)

205
individuals possessing favorable genes tend to produce more offspring.
C)

206
genes are passed on only if offspring are produced.
D)

207
all of the above
Answer:

208
D
Page Ref: 15

35)

209
Genetic drift is most likely to occur
A)

210
due to differences in "fitness" of individuals.
B)

211
in large populations.
C)

212
when a large portion of the population is killed, regardless of genetics.
D)

213
in ocean populations where genes can drift between individuals.
Answer:

214
C
Page Ref: 16

36)

215
Organis ms that are closely related to each other will
A)

216
share some features with all other organisms.
B)

217
share some features only with organisms from this same group.
C)

218
have no features in common with any other organism.
D)

219
both A and B
Answer:

220
D
Page Ref: 16

37)

221
Physiolo gical processes function separately from physical and chemical laws.
Answer:

222
FALSE
Page Ref: 4

38)

223
Phenoty pe of an organism is based solely on genotype.
Answer:

224
FALSE
Page Ref: 4

39)

225
Some of the first physiological experiments occurred in the mid-100s.
Answer:

226
TRUE
Page Ref: 5

40)

227
Most of nts before the 20th century were performed on animals in hopes of gaining knowledge about
the human physiology.
experime
Answer:

228
TRUE
Page Ref: 5

41)

229
Emergen that studying individual parts of a system allows one to clearly predict how the system as a
ce says whole will function.
Answer:

230
FALSE
Page Ref: 8

231
42)

232
The done by a comparative physiologist is done with a (very specific) practical goal in mind.
research
Answer:

233
FALSE
Page Ref: 8

43)

234
The cal properties of tissue are dependent on the biological molecules from which it is made.
mechani
Answer:

235
TRUE
Page Ref: 10

44)

236
Surface area to volume ratios remain constant, regardless of body size.
Answer:

237
FALSE
Page Ref: 11

45)

238
Metaboli c rates are proportional to body mass.
Answer:

239
FALSE
Page Ref: 11

46)

240
Organis are capable of homeostasis keep everything in their internal environment constant at all
ms that times.
Answer:

241
FALSE
Page Ref: 12

47)

242
Many cyclical physiological changes are triggered by environmental cues.
Answer:

243
TRUE
Page Ref: 12

48)

244
Positive feedback loops maintain a variable within its set point range.
Answer:

245
FALSE
Page Ref: 13

49)

246
Water (Daphnia pulex) produce either long or short spiky tails depending on the presence of
fleas predators in their environment. This is an example of polyphenism.
Answer:

247
TRUE
Page Ref: 14

50)

248
The terms adaptation and acclimation can always be used interchangeably.
Answer:

249
FALSE
Page Ref: 15

51)

250
Adaptati always beneficial to an individual, even if the environmental cause for the change is no
on is longer present.
Answer:

251
FALSE
Page Ref: 15

52)

252
Evolutio n can occur if a population is able to maintain identical genotypes.
Answer:

253
FALSE
Page Ref: 16

254
53)

255
Feedback loops maintain the internal environment in an acceptable state, or __________.
Answer:

256
homeostasis
Page Ref: 4

54)

257
________ __ is known as the father of medicine.
Answer:

258
Hippocrates
Page Ref: 4

55)

259
Claude proposed the concept of __________: organisms maintain an internal environment, even
Bernard when the external environment changes.
Answer:

260
milieu interieur
Page Ref: 5

56)

261
The __________ studied the adaptations of animals living in harsh or unusual conditions, such as
scientist the camel.
Answer:

262
Schmidt-Nielsen
Page Ref: 6

57)

263
A __ physiologist studies how an organism's structures and functions change throughout life.
________
Answer:

264
developmental
Page Ref: 8

58)

265
A __ physiologist studies pressure gradients, flow, and resistance in the heart and blood
________ vessels.
Answer:

266
cardiovascular
Page Ref: 11

59)

267
Max Kleiber used data on body mass and metabolic rate to generate the __________ equation.
Answer:

268
allometric scaling
Page Ref: 11

60)

269
An that maintains its internal environment regardless of changes in the external environment is
organism called a __________.
Answer:

270
regulator
Page Ref: 12

61)

271
Physiolo processes that change in a predictable pattern on a daily basis are said to follow a
gical __________.
Answer:

272
circadian rhythm
Page Ref: 12

62)

273
Factors that generate opposite effects on a pathway are termed __________.
Answer:

274
antagonistic controls
Page Ref: 13

275
63)

276
Glucose levels in the blood are maintained by the antagonistic hormones glucagon and __________.
Answer:

277
insulin
Page Ref: 13

64)

278
The makeup of an organism, the __________, can be expressed in a variety of ways and has major
genetic effects on physiological traits.
Answer:

279
genotype
Page Ref: 13

65)

280
Environ mental factors can cause __________, or a range of phenotypes from a single genotype.
Answer:

281
phenotypic plasticity
Page Ref: 14

66)

282
An that undergoes physiological changes caused by an experimentor regulating environmental
animal variables is said to have __________.
Answer:

283
acclimated
Page Ref: 14

67)

284
________ population occurs when environmental stressors favor survival of certain genotypes, leading
__ of a to their increased levels of reproduction.
Answer:

285
Adaptation
Page Ref: 15

68)

286
When a portion of a population is wiped out and the genetic base is rebuilt from a small group of
large individuals, then the __________, a type of genetic drift, may result.
Answer:

287
founder effect
Page Ref: 16

69)

288
Describe some of the factors that led to an explosion of physiological research in the 1960s.
Answer:

289
Increased numbers ease of travel led to an increase in the number of interactions and types of
of scientists, experiments, thus increasing scientific discovery. These interactions also included
improved individuals from a number of different disciplines coming together to work on a
technology, and single problem.
Page Ref: 2-3

70)

290
Why was Vesalius's work, which disproved some of Galen's earlier experiments, so important?
Answer:

291
In any scientific reproducibility. In the case of Galen, his work was so renowned that no one
research it is questioned his results. Once some of the work was shown to be incorrect, it opened
important to have the door for further research on physiological subjects.
Page Ref: 5

292
71)

293
Explain cell and molecular physiologist can be a developmental and applied physiologist as well.
how a
Answer:

294
There are a physiologists do. It can be divided by level of organization, processes, or the type of
number of ways to science (pure vs. applied). In this case a physiologist could study the process of
categorize the development at the cell and molecular level with the purpose of preventing birth
work that defects.
Page Ref: 6-9

72)

295
Explain important to understand chemistry and physics before studying physiology. Be sure to
why it is include some examples.
Answer:

296
Physiology follows because an ion is diffusing in a physiological system does not mean it will not interact
the laws of with other ions or form chemical bonds. Understanding that fluids flow from areas of
chemistry and high to low pressure helps one understand the cardiovascular system as well.
physics. Just
Page Ref: 10-11

73)

297
How organism's body determine whether to utilize short-term or long-term strategies for
does an maintaining homeostasis?
Answer:

298
It always costs the external environment. The key question is cost versus benefit. If the difference will
energy to maintain last a long time, it will be beneficial to invest more resources early on, which will
an internal allow the organism to maintain other functions (e.g. growing fur in winter). On the
environment that other hand, if it is a short-term difference (e.g. hot sun at noon), then less expensive
may differ from measures may be more appropriate.
Page Ref: 12

74)

299
How is it possible for a single genotype to generate a broad range of phenotypes?
Answer:

300
Organisms may environment, expression of some genes may be more beneficial than others. Thus,
have identical environmental factors can regulate which genes are expressed at any one point in
genotypes, but time, allowing for different phenotypes (physical expression), from a single set of
depending on their genes.
Page Ref: 13-14

75)

301
Explain certain mutation in a genome may not continue to be beneficial after an environmental
why a stressor is removed.
Answer:

302
Expression of cases, expression of a mutated gene may be very costly in some aspects. However, if
certain genes this mutation allows for survival and reproduction, the benefit outweighs the cost. On
always contains the other hand if the environmental stressor is removed, the cost may exceed the
certain costs and benefit. Those individuals with the mutation now lose the advantage because they are
benefits. In some "spending" resources on a useless protein rather than one of current benefit.
Page Ref: 15

303