Redox Reactions 2.

15

Assign oxidation state to the atoms that are oxidised or reduced. Ion electron method: First write the given equation in ionic form
Note that oxidation state ofO, K.H. and S is same on bothsides. having ions with central atom (which has undergone a change in
+7 +3 +2 +4
oxidation state).
KMnO, + H,SO, + K,C,o4 ’ MnSO, +CO,
Make ionic equation: Mno, + C,0, Mn* + C0,
Note that O and H atoms attached to the central atom (shown
MnO+ C,o ’ Mn*2 + CO, in underlined) have to be retained.
Write two half equations and balance as follows:
Now, write the oxidation and reduction half reactions and
a. 5e + MnO Mn2+
balance them as shown:
x-8=-1 X=2
x=7 Reduction:
7-2= 5e ’Mn2+
MnO,°+ C,0,
Add 5 to the side of higher O.N. i.e. to the left a. First, make sure that the element undergone the change in
oxidation state is balanced.
b. C,0 2C0, + 2
2r- 8 =-2 2x-8 =0 b. Balance O atoms by adding 4H,0 on RHS.
2r =6 2x = 8 MnO,0 ’ Mn2 + 4H,0
8-6=22 C. Now, RHS has excess of 8H atoms. Add 8H on LHS. Note,
the medium is acidic due to the presence of H,SO,
(i) First balance the C atom whose 0.N. is
changing 2MnO,+ 8H® ’ 2Mn2t + 4H,0
(ii) Add proper number of electrons to the R.H.S.
(higher O.N,) d. Now O and H are balanced. Balance the charge on both
c. Add two half equations after multiplying (a) by 2 and (b) by sides.
5 in order that electrons from both sides cancel each other
On LHS: Charge is 1 x (-1) +8 x (+1) =+
2Mn0 +sC,0, ’ 2Mn2+ + 10CO,
On RHS: Charge is 1 x(+2) +4 x (0)=+2
d. Balance the charge by adding proper number of g H° ions
in acidic medium Add 5e in LHS (Note: each e is equivalent to a charge
of -1)
Charge on L.H.S. Charge on R.H.S.
-12 +4 MnO, + 8H® + 5 e ’ Mn2+ 4H,o ...(1)
So add 16H to L.H.S. to equalise charge on both sides Oxidation:
16H + 2MnO + 5C,0 ’ 2Mn?* + 10CO, C , o ’Co,
e. Balance O atoms by adding H,0 molecules to the side Following the same procedure as above, we have:
dificient of O atom.
a. Balance C atoms: C,0,’2CO,
O atoms on O atoms on b. Balance O atoms: Already balanced
L.H.S. = 28 R.H.S. = 20
C. Balance H atoms: No H atom
Add 8 H,O molecules to L.H.S. d. C,0 ’ 2C0, + 2e ...(ii)
16H° +2MnO?+ 5C,0 ’ 2Mn* +10C0, +8H,0(6) Multiply Eq. (i) by 2 and Eq. (ii) by 5 to balance the
f. Balance H atoms by adding proper number of H jon
electrons transfer and add to get
(in acidic medium) and OH ions in basic medium.
Here H atoms are automatically balanced. Equation (i) is 2MnO,0 + 5C,0, + 16H9 2Mn+ 10C0,
balanced in terms of charge, number of O and H atoms. + 8H,0
g. Now add other ions to both sides e. Now add other ions to both sides
12K® 12K®
L.H.S. R.H.S. 12K® 12K
L.H.S. R.H.S.
8so 8so 8SO 8SO;
h. The final balance equation is:
f. The final balance equation is:
2K® +2Mno +10K® +5C,0 +8sO; +16H®
2K® + 2MnO +10K® + sC,0, +8so +16H°
2Mn* + 2so + 10Co, + 12K® +6SO +8H,0
2Mn?* + 2SO + 10Cco, + 12K°+ 6S0 +SH,0
2KMn0, + SK,C,0, + 8H,SO4 2KMnO, + SK,C,0, + 8H,SO4
2MnSO, + 10C0, + 6K,SO, + 8H,0 2MnSO, + 10C0, + 6K,SO, + 8H,0
Note: Make a final check by counting O atoms on both sides. Note: Ion electron method is more important