Beginners Japanese Basics Cheat Sheet

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Colors Numbers (cont) Body Parts

Red Aka Seven Nana/S​hichi karada body

Orange Daidaiiro / Orenji Eight Hachi atama head

Yellow Kiiro Nine Kyu kami hair

Green Midori Ten Ju kao face

Blue Ao One Hundred Hyaku hitai forehead

Purple Murasaki Three Hundred Sam-Byaku me eye

Pink Pinku/​Momoiro Six Hundred Rop-Pyaku mayu eyebrown

Grey Haiiro Eight Hundred Hap-Pyaku mabuta eyelid

Black Kuro One Thousand Sen matusge eyelash

White Shiro Three Thousand San-Zen hana nose

Brown Chaiiro Ten Thousand Ichi-Man mimi ear

Colors Iro One Million Hyaku-Man kuchi mouth

Colors require the suffix -no when being put Number Bango kuchibiru lip
before a noun. To create the desired month, simply add -gatsu ha teeth
to the number. Ex: November is Juu- shita tongue
Basic Phrases Ic​hi-​Gatsu.
nodo throat
Good morning Ohayoo
ago jaw
Hiragana Chart
Good afternoon Konnichi wa
kubi neck
Good evening Komban wa
kata shoulder
Goodbye Sayonara
ude arm
Hello (for the Moshi moshi
hiji elbow
telephone)
te hand
Yes Hai
yubi finger
No Iie
tsumi nail
Excuse me Sumimasen / gomen
nasai mune chest

senaka back
Please Doozo
Days of the Week onaka stomach
Thank you Arigatoo
Monday Getsu- hiza knee
Numbers Tuesday Ka- ashikubi ankle

One Ichi Wednesday Sui- kakato heel

Two Ni Thursday Moku- tsumasaki toe

Three San Friday Kin-

Four Yon Saturday Do-

Five Go Sunday Nichi-

Six Roku All days end with the suffix -youbi

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Particles: ga Particles: de (cont) Particles: ni (cont)

-Subject marker (newly introd​uced) Kore wa sekai de ichiban ookii desu. Haha ni shikar​areta.
Mukashi mukashi, ojii-san ga sunde imashita. This is the biggest in the world. I was scolded by my mother.
Once upon a time, there lived an old man. -Time limit -Notion of per Per hour, per gallon, etc.
-With question words "​Who​" or "​wha​t". Always Isshuukan de deki masu. Isshukan ni sanjuu​-jikan hatara​kimasu.
used in question and response. I can do it in a week. I work 30 hours per week.
Dare ga kimasu ka. -Mat​erial or compos​ition
Who is coming? Toufu wa daizude tsukur​imasu. Particles: no
Yoko ga kimasu. Tofu is made from soybeans.
-Pos​sessive marker Used as an apostraphe is
Yoko is coming. -Req​uired cost
in English.
-Emp​hasis Distin​guishes the subject as the Kono hon o juu-doru de katta.
most important part of the sentance. I bought this book for ten dollars. Kore wa watashi no hon desu
This is my book.
Taro ga gakkou ni ikimas​hita. -Cause Because of, due to, owing to.
Taro is the one who went to school. (With Fuchuui de kaidan kara ochita. -*Ind​icates position or location As related to the

particle wa would be 'Taro went to school.' I fell down the stairs due to carele​ssn​ess. first noun.
...isu no shita.
-Instead of 'o' Some verbs and adjectives
(expre​ssing like/d​islike, desire, potential, ...under the chair
Particles: ni
necessity, fear, envy etc.) take "​ga" instead of -Noun modifier The noun before "​no" modifies

"​o." -Ind​irect object marker the noun after "​no". It is seen more with
Eki de tomodachi ni atta. compound nouns or noun phrases.
Kuruma ga hoshii desu.
I want a car. I met my friend at the station. Nihongo no jugyou wa tanoshii desu.

-In subord​inate clauses Marks a secondary -Loc​ation of exista​nce The Japanese class is intere​sting.

subject. Isu no ue ni neko ga imasu. -App​osi​tion Indicates the relati​onship

There is a cat on the chair. between two nouns.
Watashi wa Mika ga kekkon shita koto o
shiran​akatta. -Direct contact Used when an action or Bengoshi no Tanaka-san wa itsumo

I didn't know that Mika got married. motion is directed to an object or place. isogas​hisou da.
Koko ni namae o kaite kudasai. The lawyer, Mr. Tanaka seems to be busy all
Please write your name here. the time.
Particles: de
-Dir​ect​ion Indicates destin​ation.
-Place of action Kinou ginkou ni ikimas​hita. Particles: o
Umi de oyoida. I went to the bank yester​day.
I swam in the ocean. -Pur​pose -Object marker Indicates the noun is the direct
object.
-Means By, with, in, of. Eiga o mi ni itta.
Basu de gakkou ni ikimasu. I went to see a movie. Kutsu o kaimas​hita.

I go to school by bus. -Spe​cific time Indicates a specific point in I bought shoes.

-Tot​ali​zing time. -Route of motion

Tsugi no kado o magatte kudasai.
Zenbu de sen-en desu. Gogatsu mikka ni umarem​ashita.
They cost 1,000 yen together. I was born on May 3rd. Please take the next corner

-Scope In, among, within. -Sou​rce 'By' or 'from' -Point of depart​ure

Hachi-ji ni ie o demasu.
I leave home at eight o'clock.

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Particles: o (cont) Particles: wa Particles: Sentance Ending (cont)

- Occupation or Position Usually followed by -Topic marker (already introd​uced) I have a stomach ache.
"​~sh​ite​iru​" or "​~sh​ite​ima​su". "as for", "​spe​aking of" b.) Ashita konai no.
Watashi no ane wa kangofu o shitei​masu. Watashi wa gakusei desu. Aren't you coming tomorrow?
My sister is a nurse. I am a student. -sa Mainly used by men to emphasize a
-Con​trast sentance.

Particles: to Direct: Biiru wa nomimasu ga, wain was Sonna koto wa wakatteiru sa.
nomimasen. I certainly know of such a thing.
-Com​plete listing Like 'and' for linking nouns I drink beer, but I don't drink wine. -wa Used only by women for emphatic function
and pronouns, but never clauses or phrases. Indirect: Ano hon wa yomimasen deshita. or softening effect.
Eigo to nihongo o hana shimasu. I didn't read that book Watashi ga suru wa.
I speak English and Japanese.
I'll do it.
-Com​parison and contra​st. Or. -yo a.) Emphasizes a command. b.)Mod​erate
Particles: Sentance Ending
Neko to inu to dochira ga suki desu ka. emphasis.
Which do you like better, cats or dogs? -ka Turns sentance into a question. a.) Okoranaide yo!
-Acc​omp​ani​ment With, together. Nihon-jin desu ka.
Don't get so angry at me!
Yuki wa raigetsu Ichiro to kekkon shimasu. Are you Japanese? b.) Ano eiga wa sugoku yokatta yo.
Yuki is going to marry Ichiro next month. -kan​a/k​ash​ira Used when you are unsure of That movie was very good.
-Change or result X reaches a new goal or something. Kashira is only used by women.
-ze Elicits agreement. Used mainly by men in
state. Commonly used with '-to naru. Ano hito wa dare kana/k​ashira.
casual conver​sation or with those of a lower
Bokin wa zenbude hyakum​an-en to natta. I wonder who that person is. social status.
*The total amount of donations reached one -na a.) Casual emphasis on decision or opinion. Nomi ni ikou ze.
million yen. b.) Prohib​ition emphasis used only by men in
Let's go for a drink.
-Quo​tat​ion Typically used before -iu, -omou informal situat​ions.
-zo Mainly used by men to emphasize an
and -kiku a.) Sore wa machig​atteiru to omou na. opinion or judgement.
Kare wa asu kuru to itta. I think that is wrong. Iku zo.
He said that he will come tomorrow. b.) Sonna koto o suru na.
I'm going.
-Con​dit​ional As soon as, if, when. Don't do such a thing!
Shigoto ga owaru to sugu ochi ni kaetta. -naa Used to show emotion or wishful thinking.
I went home as soon as work was over. Sugoi naa.
-Sound symbol​ism Used after onomat​opoeic How great it is.
adverbs. (Words used to imitate sounds) -ne/​nee Confir​mation. Isn't it?, right?, don't
Kodomo​tachi was bata bata to hashiri ma you think so?
watta. Mou nakanaide ne.
The children ran around making lots of noise. Please don't cry anymore, okay?
-no a.) Explai​nation or emotive emphasis.
Used only by women and children in informa
situat​ions. b.) Marks an informal question.
a.) Onaka ga itai no.

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