B Himanshu Khatri

BENGAL SUBAH ( Benanti + ORISSA + BIHAR)

Son - in law
-

MURSHID Quli KHAN (1717-27) → SHUJA UDDIN MD KHAN (1727-3-9)

( MAK 1727 ) f- son
SARFARAZ KHAN (1739-40)
NAWAB of PATNA ☒ WAR COMMANDER

ALIVARDI KHAN 4056 (1740-56)

+
WAR
"m " ""

MIR JAFAR
(1757-60,63-65) ? SIRAJ -
UD -
DAULA
(1756-57)
son in law

MIRQASIM
(1760-63)-3 MIR JAFAR
(1757-60,63-65)

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MURSHID Quli KHAN

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# main ACTOR WAS MURSHID Quli KHAN (1717-27)
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IF MQK WAS LAST GOVERNOR 51
OF BENGAL SUBAH APPOINTED BY
51

MUGHAL emperor
d.

Banks River HOOGHLY

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# He setup MURSHIDABAD as CAPITAL on OF

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( HVGHLI PORT
t
PORT WAS An important ; By LATER DEVELOPED
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CALCUTTA PORT )
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as an alternate
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# Mak WAS Diwan ( Collector Of Revenue) since 1700

WAS DEPUTY Governor BEHGAC 4 Governor OF

MADE
of
ORISSA BY FARVKSIYAR
NAZIM Governor OF Benuac SUBAH 1717
WAS MADE / in

& WAS ALREADY Diwan :

over concentration of POWER in Mak

.

THIS ENDED SYSTEM OF CHECKS & BALANCES in BENGAL .

MQK APPOINTED RELATIVES AS OFFICIALS : .

ensuring LOYALTY OF

MANSACBDARS .

A- However Mak Continued Sending EE TO MUGHAL TREASURY .

B Himanshu Khatri
 B Himanshu Khatri

# Mak Implemented Dynastic Rule 4 RULED Autonomously . :

establishinu BENGAL as an autonomous REGIONAL Power .

Rule of MAK

# HIGHLIGHTS OF His Reian :

# POLITICAL STABILITY
# Red AGRARIAN productivity THAT BOOSTED BENGAL TRADE

# Known for very efficient Revenue Administration

# DURING MQK THERE WAS Rise of ZAMINDARI MERCHANTS

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, ,

BANKERS Who were LOYAL To MQK

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# Main Revenue Collection Intermediary

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AGENTS OF Were

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ZAMINDARS

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# STRONG INTERMEDIARY ZAMINDARS
51 FORCED PRIMARY ZAMINDARS
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TO PAY LAND Revenue on Time + They Themselves Grew
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POWERFUL
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A- BY 1727 15 Intermediary ZAMINDARS COLLECTED 50%

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LAND Revenue of Bengal SUBAH

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# MOK GOT Done DETAILED SURVEYS OF Revenue PAYING AREAS .

-
aided Better Revenue Assessment .

# ZAMINDARS WHO Resisted Revenue Demands From The STATE

were punished
# MANSABDARS WHO OPPOSED MAK -
There TANKHA JAGIRS
Were SHIFTED From Bengal To ORISSA & Their
estates were CHANGED To KHALISA LAND .

B Himanshu Khatri
 B Himanshu Khatri

Role Of Bankers in Behan :

# GREW POWERFUL -
PRIOR TO
,
DURING 4 AFTER MAK .

# Role of Bankers especially House of JAGAT Sette :

# LOANED E To ZAMINDARS JO THEY COULD PAY LAND

Revenue on Time i. STATE GOT Timely Revenue .

# loaned I TO MERCHANTS ÷ AIDED GROWTH OF TRADE

BY Financing TRADE All over India

# Provided Money Remittance Services in and outside

Belveal SUBAH via Mundi NETWORK

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# APPOINTED OF Bengal

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JAGAT SETH WAS AS TREASURER

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" "

in 1730s & CONTROLLED ROYAL Mint as DAROGA of

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ROYAL mint .
i. Responsible
51 FOR Foreign EXCHANGE of
51
currency ( monetary POLICY
)
d.

.
an
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i. Power was not Totally CENTRALIZED & WAS SHARED Between

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Different SEGMENTS Power Decentralized

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.
: was somewhat .
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¥00 : Coup -
De -
TAT DX ALIVARDI KHAN ( WAR COMMANDER OF BENGAL
& NAZIM OF PATNA ) in 1740 WAS AIDED BY JAGAT SETH
As THEY considered SARFARAZ KHAN (1739-40) To Be an

inefficient ADMINISTRATOR .

ft Alivardi KHAN Promised I CR E d all Personal WEALTH OF

SARFARAZ To EMPEROR MD SHAH IF He Gave 40 AHEAD

FOR Coup -
De -
TAT
; MD SHAH AGREED : PROOF OF

FRAGILE POLITY & Factionalism

]

B Himanshu Khatri
 B Himanshu Khatri

DURING MAK : Dehuai Ruled Autonomously But Link

WITH MUGHAL EMPEROR Maintained

BY sending Revenue Share To Delhi

REGULARLY

During
ALIVARDI KHAN : VIRTUAL Break with emperor as now

H NAWAB ALIVARDI APPOINTED MANSABDARS

Without Reference To King

# Revenue Share not sent REGULARLY TO DELHI .

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B Himanshu Khatri
 B Himanshu Khatri

HYDERABAD

Chin QULICH KHAN OR NAZIR JUNG MUZAFFAR Jung

> >

NIZAM -
u -
muck OI (1748-50) 1750-51 for
ASAF JAH I 3 months

(1724-48) is

Nizam - Ali - Khan

< SALABAT JUNG

(762-1803) (1751-62)

# HYD WAS Setup As An Autonomous STATE within

MUGHAL empire BY Chin Quien KHAN in 1724 AFTER

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Defeating MUBARIZ KHAN the existing Nazim
/ Governor

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H Chin Quien KHAN :

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# an important LEADER OF 51 TURANI GROUP of
51

MANSABDARS
d.

SAYYID Brothers
an

tf 1720 -
Defeated 4 killed &
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RESTORED STATUS OF MD SHAH

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# 1722-24 WAZIR TRIED TO Resolve JAGIRDAR i crisis

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.
y

BY Redistributing JAGIR i. Reducing Concentration Of

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JAUIRS in HANDS OF Few MANSABDIFRS

¥ 1738 : LED MUGHAL ARMY THAT GOT DEFEATED BY MARATHAS .

# 173s -

no : Served as Mir Bakshi i. e. Imperial TREASURER

# 1740 : FRUSTRATED BY COURT Politics & Weakening STATUS OF

EMPEROR ,
He Decided To SHIFT to HYD Permanently .

B Himanshu Khatri
 B Himanshu Khatri

RULE OF NIZAM - UL -
MULK :

# Didnt DECLARE independence Formally BUT RULED AUTONOMOUSLY .

# BY 1748 THERE WAS Only Symbolic Suzerainty Of MUGHAL emperor

# Coins were minted in name of emperor and

emperor 's name Taken in FRIDAY PRAYERS i-e.KHUT.BA

BUT

# No influence / SAT of emperor in

# Decisions of WAR 4 Peace

# Sinning Treaties with OTHER Powers

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# hivinh MANSABS i. e. Appointment & TRANSFER

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OF

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mn-nsn-BDARS.tt
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MAJORITY Population was Hindu &51 Hindus were economically
51

powerful i. He Showed Tolerance TOWARDS Them

d.
an

# Punished ZAMINDARS of MANSABDARS WHO OPPOSED Him .

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# POWERFUL VATAN JAUIRDARS Govern Their

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Were Allowed To
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INHERITED Janine in Return FOR Annual Pest KASH

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i. THEY SUPPORTED NIZAM .

# military Aristocrats ( i.e .

Pre -

existing MANSABDARS
) were

hiven importance in Administration .

In Return
,
They

Gave MILITARY SUPPORT TO NIZAM .

# MERCHANTS 4 Moneylenders were NOT TAXED ARBITRARILY

4 Security OF PROPERTY WAS ensured .

They were Also MADE

MANJABDARS .

In Return ,
They SUPPORTED Nizam Financially .

B Himanshu Khatri
 B Himanshu Khatri

# Also ,
THERE WAS Rise of Powerful IJARADARS / Revenue FARMERS
,

WHO were Also MADE MANSABDARS .

# THERE WAS REMARKABLE CHANGE in TRADITIONAL

MAHSABDARI SYSTEM OF MUGHALS :

(a) Rise of men of Finance 4 Revenue into MANSABDARI

system ( aka UPSTARTS ) while Traditionally MILITARY

ARISTOCRATS Dominated MANSABDARI SYSTEM .

(b) Many TANKHA JAUIRS Were converted TO VATAN

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JAUIRS TO GET SUPPORT OF MANSABDARS

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Traditionally most JA4iRs Were TANKHA JAGIRS in

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Mans ABDFIRI System .
51
51
d.

Power DIFFUSED Totally CENTRALIZED

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÷ Overall WAS 4 NOT

,
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as To Get Support Of Influential Sections They were

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CO-OPTED BY Giving Them important Positions

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B Himanshu Khatri
 B Himanshu Khatri

AWADH

SADAT Ali KHAN (1722-40) SAFDARJUNG (1740-54)

e-

SHUJA -
UD -
DAULA (1754-74)
t

ASAF - UD -
DAULA
(1775-97)
SADAT ALI KHAN

# Appointed As SUBAHDAR / Nazim

/ Governor
/ NAWAB OF AWADH

in 1722 as a REWARD FOR Suppressing Revolts in AWADH

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BY LOCAL Chiefs 4 RAJAS

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# GOT His son in law SAFDARJUNG Appointed As Deputy

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Governor OF AWADH 51
51
d.

Got
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# Appointed His Puppet at Diwan

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# Over concentration of Power in SADAT KHAN 4 now

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There WAS no Reporting of earnings / Revenue to Delhi

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i. e. To miR BAKSHI -
THE IMPERIAL TREASURER .

# Money sent To Delhi WAS REDUCED

# SADAT Became Financially more POWERFUL BY Minh

LAND Revenue and FROM TAXES On FLOURISHING TRADE

OF AWADH .

# SADAT DEVELOPED LOCAL SUPPORT BASE BY Giving MAHSABS

of GOOD JAUIRS Too Locally POWERFUL sections

B Himanshu Khatri
 B Himanshu Khatri

i. There Was Rise Of New LOCAL elites from Among

Indian Muslims ,
AFGHANS 4 HINDUS WHO SUPPORTED Him .

# However ,
SADAT DID NOT DECLARE independence 4
DID not severe Ties with Delhi / MUGHAL emperor
^
: He HAD Ambitions To Be an IMPORTANT
MANSABDAR AT centre .

# SADAT SUPPORTED NADIR SHAH 's invasion (1738-40) When

He WAS not MADE MIR BAKSHI & Tle Post WAS

Given To Chin Quick KHAN

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Committed Suicide When NADIR SHAH ILL TREATED Him

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Post

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VICTORY .

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# 1753 -
VIRTUAL BREAK OF AWADH From MUGHAL Empire
d.

.
an
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A- SAFDARJUNG (1740-54) Got Himself Appointed As

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WAZIR BY AHMAD SHAH BAHADUR (1748-54) in 1748

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# SAFDAR Jvnh Misused His Position As WAZIR BY

CAPTURING FARUKKABAD INTO AWADH
.

THIS led To his isolation in COURT 4 WAS MADE to

Resiun .

THIS LED TO VIRTUAL BREAK OF AWADH From MUGHAL empire

# SHUJA UD DAULA GOT Himself Appointed AS WAZIR BY

SHAH ALAM I (1760-1806)

">
A- 3 BATTLE OF PANIPAT : SHUJA FOUGHT on side OF ABDALI TO

weaken MARATHAS .

# Defeated BY eic in 1764 BATTLE OF BUXAR .

B Himanshu Khatri
 B Himanshu Khatri

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B Himanshu Khatri