By Himanshu Khatri

BENGAL SUBAH ( Benanti + ORISSA + BIHAR)

Son - in law
-

MURSHID Quli KHAN (1717-27) → SHUJA UDDIN MD KHAN (1727-3-9)

( MAK 1727 ) f- son
SARFARAZ KHAN (1739-40)
NAWAB of PATNA ☒ WAR COMMANDER

ALIVARDI KHAN 4056 (1740-56)

+
WAR
"m " ""

MIR JAFAR
(1757-60,63-65) ? SIRAJ -
UD -
DAULA
(1756-57)
son in law

MIRQASIM
(1760-63)-3 MIR JAFAR
(1757-60,63-65)

MURSHID Quli KHAN

# main ACTOR WAS MURSHID Quli KHAN (1717-27)

IF MQK WAS LAST GOVERNOR OF BENGAL SUBAH APPOINTED BY

MUGHAL emperor

# He setup MURSHIDABAD as CAPITAL on Banks OF River HOOGHLY

( HVGHLI PORT
t
PORT WAS An important ; By LATER DEVELOPED

CALCUTTA as an alternate PORT )

# Mak WAS Diwan ( Collector Of Revenue) since 1700

WAS DEPUTY Governor BEHGAC 4 Governor OF

MADE
of
ORISSA BY FARVKSIYAR
NAZIM Governor OF Benuac SUBAH 1717
WAS MADE / in

& WAS ALREADY Diwan :

over concentration of POWER in Mak

.

THIS ENDED SYSTEM OF CHECKS & BALANCES in BENGAL .

MQK APPOINTED RELATIVES AS OFFICIALS : .

ensuring LOYALTY OF

MANSACBDARS .

A- However Mak Continued Sending EE TO MUGHAL TREASURY .

By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

# Mak Implemented Dynastic Rule 4 RULED Autonomously . :

establishinu BENGAL as an autonomous REGIONAL Power .

Rule of MAK

# HIGHLIGHTS OF His Reian :

# POLITICAL STABILITY
# Red AGRARIAN productivity THAT BOOSTED BENGAL TRADE

# Known for very efficient Revenue Administration

# DURING MQK THERE WAS Rise of ZAMINDARI ,

MERCHANTS
,

BANKERS Who were LOYAL To MQK

# Main AGENTS OF Revenue Collection Were Intermediary

ZAMINDARS
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PRIMARY ZAMINDARS
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# STRONG INTERMEDIARY ZAMINDARS FORCED
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TO PAY LAND Revenue on Time + They Themselves Grew

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POWERFUL
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A- BY 1727 15 Intermediary ZAMINDARS COLLECTED 50%

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,
ra

LAND Revenue of Bengal SUBAH

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# MOK GOT Done DETAILED SURVEYS OF Revenue PAYING AREAS .

-
aided Better Revenue Assessment .

# ZAMINDARS WHO Resisted Revenue Demands From The STATE

were punished
# MANSABDARS WHO OPPOSED MAK -
There TANKHA JAGIRS
Were SHIFTED From Bengal To ORISSA & Their
estates were CHANGED To KHALISA LAND .

By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

Role Of Bankers in Behan :

# GREW POWERFUL -
PRIOR TO
,
DURING 4 AFTER MAK .

# Role of Bankers especially House of JAGAT Sette :

# LOANED E To ZAMINDARS JO THEY COULD PAY LAND

Revenue on Time i. STATE GOT Timely Revenue .

# loaned I TO MERCHANTS ÷ AIDED GROWTH OF TRADE

BY Financing TRADE All over India

# Provided Money Remittance Services in and outside

Belveal SUBAH via Mundi NETWORK .

# JAGAT SETH WAS APPOINTED AS TREASURER OF Bengal

" "

in 1730s CONTROLLED ROYAL Mint DAROGA of

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&
l.c as

ROYAL mint i. Responsible FOR Foreign EXCHANGE of

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currency ( monetary POLICY

)
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i. Power was not Totally CENTRALIZED & WAS SHARED Between

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Different Power Decentralized

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SEGMENTS .
: was somewhat .
ra
fo

BENGAL
y

¥00 Coup DX ALIVARDI KHAN ( WAR COMMANDER OF

nl

:
-
De -
TAT
O

& NAZIM OF PATNA ) in 1740 WAS AIDED BY JAGAT SETH

As THEY considered SARFARAZ KHAN (1739-40) To Be an

inefficient ADMINISTRATOR .

ft Alivardi KHAN Promised I CR E d all Personal WEALTH OF

SARFARAZ To EMPEROR MD SHAH IF He Gave 40 AHEAD

FOR Coup -
De -
TAT
; MD SHAH AGREED : PROOF OF

FRAGILE POLITY & Factionalism

]

By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

DURING MAK : Dehuai Ruled Autonomously But Link

WITH MUGHAL EMPEROR Maintained

BY sending Revenue Share To Delhi

REGULARLY

During
ALIVARDI KHAN : VIRTUAL Break with emperor as now

H NAWAB ALIVARDI APPOINTED MANSABDARS

Without Reference To King

# Revenue Share not sent REGULARLY TO DELHI .

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By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

HYDERABAD

Chin QULICH KHAN OR NAZIR JUNG MUZAFFAR Jung

> >

NIZAM -
u -
muck OI (1748-50) 1750-51 for
ASAF JAH I 3 months

(1724-48) is

Nizam - Ali - Khan

< SALABAT JUNG

(762-1803) (1751-62)

# HYD WAS Setup As An Autonomous STATE within

MUGHAL empire BY Chin Quien KHAN in 1724 AFTER

Defeating MUBARIZ KHAN ,

the existing Nazim
/ Governor

H Chin Quien KHAN :

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# an important LEADER OF TURANI GROUP of
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MANSABDARS
@

tf 1720 Defeated 4 killed SAYYID Brothers

06

&
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RESTORED STATUS OF MD SHAH

t
nd

# 1722-24 WAZIR TRIED TO Resolve JAGIRDAR i crisis

na

.
ra

BY Redistributing JAGIR i. e. Reducing Concentration Of

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y

JAUIRS in OF Few MANSABDIFRS

nl

HANDS
O

¥ 1738 : LED MUGHAL ARMY THAT GOT DEFEATED BY MARATHAS .

# 173s -

no : Served as Mir Bakshi i. e. Imperial TREASURER

# 1740 : FRUSTRATED BY COURT Politics & Weakening STATUS OF

EMPEROR ,
He Decided To SHIFT to HYD Permanently .

By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

RULE OF NIZAM - UL -
MULK :

# Didnt DECLARE independence Formally BUT RULED AUTONOMOUSLY .

# BY 1748 THERE WAS Only Symbolic Suzerainty Of MUGHAL emperor

# Coins were minted in name of emperor and

emperor 's name Taken in FRIDAY PRAYERS i-e.KHUT.BA

BUT

# No influence / SAT of emperor in

# Decisions of WAR 4 Peace

# Sinning Treaties with OTHER Powers

# hivinh MANSABS i. e. Appointment & TRANSFER
OF

mn-nsn-BDARS.tt
MAJORITY Population was Hindu &
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Hindus were economically
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powerful i. He Showed Tolerance TOWARDS Them

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06

# Punished ZAMINDARS of MANSABDARS WHO OPPOSED Him .

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# POWERFUL VATAN JAUIRDARS Govern Their

na

Were Allowed To
ra

INHERITED Janine in Return FOR Annual Pest KASH

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THEY SUPPORTED NIZAM

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# military Aristocrats ( i.e .

Pre -

existing MANSABDARS
) were

hiven importance in Administration .

In Return
,
They

Gave MILITARY SUPPORT TO NIZAM .

# MERCHANTS 4 Moneylenders were NOT TAXED ARBITRARILY

4 Security OF PROPERTY WAS ensured .

They were Also MADE

MANJABDARS .

In Return ,
They SUPPORTED Nizam Financially .

By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

# Also ,
THERE WAS Rise of Powerful IJARADARS / Revenue FARMERS
,

WHO were Also MADE MANSABDARS .

# THERE WAS REMARKABLE CHANGE in TRADITIONAL

MAHSABDARI SYSTEM OF MUGHALS :

(a) Rise of men of Finance 4 Revenue into MANSABDARI

system ( aka UPSTARTS ) while Traditionally MILITARY

ARISTOCRATS Dominated MANSABDARI SYSTEM .

(b) Many TANKHA JAUIRS Were converted TO VATAN

JAUIRS TO GET SUPPORT OF MANSABDARS

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Traditionally most JA4iRs Were TANKHA JAGIRS in
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Mans ABDFIRI System
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Power DIFFUSED Totally CENTRALIZED

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÷ Overall WAS 4 NOT

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as To Get Support Of Influential Sections They were

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CO-OPTED BY Giving important Positions

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By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

AWADH

SADAT Ali KHAN (1722-40) SAFDARJUNG (1740-54)

e-

SHUJA -
UD -
DAULA (1754-74)
t

ASAF - UD -
DAULA
(1775-97)
SADAT ALI KHAN

# Appointed As SUBAHDAR / Nazim

/ Governor
/ NAWAB OF AWADH

in 1722 as a REWARD FOR Suppressing Revolts in AWADH

BY LOCAL Chiefs 4 RAJAS .

GOT His son in law SAFDARJUNG Appointed Deputy

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# l.c As

Governor OF AWADH
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# Got Appointed His Puppet at Diwan

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# Over concentration of Power in SADAT KHAN 4 now

na

:
ra

There WAS no Reporting of earnings / Revenue to Delhi

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i. e. To miR BAKSHI IMPERIAL TREASURER

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# Money sent To Delhi WAS REDUCED

# SADAT Became Financially more POWERFUL BY Minh

LAND Revenue and FROM TAXES On FLOURISHING TRADE

OF AWADH .

# SADAT DEVELOPED LOCAL SUPPORT BASE BY Giving MAHSABS

of GOOD JAUIRS Too Locally POWERFUL sections

By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

i. There Was Rise Of New LOCAL elites from Among

Indian Muslims ,
AFGHANS 4 HINDUS WHO SUPPORTED Him .

# However ,
SADAT DID NOT DECLARE independence 4
DID not severe Ties with Delhi / MUGHAL emperor
^
: He HAD Ambitions To Be an IMPORTANT
MANSABDAR AT centre .

# SADAT SUPPORTED NADIR SHAH 's invasion (1738-40) When

He WAS not MADE MIR BAKSHI & Tle Post WAS

Given To Chin Quick KHAN .

Committed Suicide When NADIR SHAH ILL TREATED Him

Post VICTORY .

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# 1753 -
VIRTUAL BREAK OF AWADH From MUGHAL Empire
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A- SAFDARJUNG Got Himself Appointed As

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nd

WAZIR BY AHMAD SHAH BAHADUR (1748-54) 1748

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in .
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# SAFDAR Jvnh Misused His Position As WAZIR BY

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CAPTURING FARUKKABAD INTO AWADH

.

THIS led To his isolation in COURT 4 WAS MADE to

Resiun .

THIS LED TO VIRTUAL BREAK OF AWADH From MUGHAL empire

# SHUJA UD DAULA GOT Himself Appointed AS WAZIR BY

SHAH ALAM I (1760-1806)

">
A- 3 BATTLE OF PANIPAT : SHUJA FOUGHT on side OF ABDALI TO

weaken MARATHAS .

# Defeated BY eic in 1764 BATTLE OF BUXAR .

By Himanshu Khatri
 By Himanshu Khatri

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By Himanshu Khatri