MEDIEVAL INDIAN HISTORY

DELHI SULTANATE,VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE, PRESENTED BY

BAHMANI AND DECCANI SULTANATE ANSU SURESH
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SYLLABUS

 EARLY MEDIEVAL INDIA

i. PALLAVA DYNASTY
ii. CHALUKYAN DYNASTY
iii. RASHTRAKUTA DYNASTY
iv. GURJARA PRATIHARA DYNASTY
v. PALA EMPIRE
vi. IMPERIAL CHOLA DYNASTY
vii. YADAVA DYNASTY
viii. HOYSALA DYNASTY
ix. KAKATIYA DYNASTY
x. ISLAMIC CONQUEST OF SIND
 LATE MEDIEVAL INDIA (PART-1)
i. DELHI SULTANATE
ii. VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE
iii. BAHMANI SULTANATE
 LATE MEDIEVAL INDIA (PART-II)
i. MUGHAL EMPIRE
ii. DECCANI SULTANATE
iii. MARATHA EMPIRE
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SUCCESSION MAP

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SUCCESSION MAP

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SUCCESSION MAP

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SUCCESSION MAP

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SUCCESSION MAP

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SUCCESSION MAP

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SUCCESSION MAP

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CITIES OF DELHI SULTANATE

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DELHI SULTANATE

Mamluk Dynasty/Slave Dynasty(1206-1290)

Khalji Dynasty(1290-1320)
Tughlaq Dynasty(1320-1414)
Sayyid Dynasty(1414-1451)
Lodi Dynasty(1451-1526)

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BRIEF OVERVIEW OF DELHI SULTANATE

Capital
 Lahore(1206-1210)(Qut ub din Aibak)
 Badayun(1210-1214)
 Delhi(1214-1327)(Iltumish)
 Daulatabad(1327-1334)(Muhammad bin Tughluq)
 Delhi(1334-1506)
 Agra(1506-1526)(Sikandar Lodi)
Official Language:
 Persian
First Ruler:
 Qutb-al-Din Aibak
Last Ruler:
 Ibrahim Lodi
Legislature:
 Corps of Forty: Dal Chalisa or Turkan-i-Chahalgani (40 Turkic+Non Turkic nobles)
Longest ruling:
 Tughlaq
Shortest ruling:
 Khilji

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MAMLUK DYNASTY (1206-1290)

Mamluq: Slave Soldiers in Islam World

 Only Aibak,Iltumish and Balban were slaves
Illbari Dynasty(except Aibak all were Illbari tribe of Turks)
Gulam dynasty,yamini dynasty

Established: Qutb-al-Din Aibak

Disestablished: Muiz ud din Qaiqabad
Capital
 Lahore(1206-1210)
 Badayun (1210-1214)
 Delhi (1214-1290)

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MAMLUK DYNASTY QUTBUDDIN
AIBAK
(1206-1210)

SON
ARAM SHAH
(1210-11)
(DEPOSED BY ILTUMISH)

SLAVE OF AIBAK
ILTUMISH
(1211-36)

Muizuddin Bahram
Rukn-ud din Firoz RAZIYA SULTANA Nasiruddin Mahmud
(1240-42) Shah
(1236) (1236-40)
(ASSASSINATED BY (1246-66)
(ASSASSINATED BY (KILLED BY JATS)
CHIHALGANI)
CHIHALGANI)

Regent and Father in Law

GHIYASUDDIN
Alauddin Masud Shah
BALBAN
(1242-46)
(1266-87)
(DEPOSED BY
CHIHALGANI)
Grandson of Balban
Muiz ud Din Qaiqabad
(1287-90)
(KILLED BY 14
JALALUDDIN KHALJI)
MAMLUK DYNASTY (1206-1290)

Qutb-al Din Aibak (1206-1210)

 Qutb-al Din Aibak (1206-1210)

 From Turkestan and belonged to Turkic tribe,Aibak
 Slave of Ghori
 Died: Chaugan/polo @Lahore

 NICK NAMES
 Lakh Baksh

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MAMLUK DYNASTY

Qutb-al Din Aibak (1206-1210)

 ADMINISTRATION
 Iqta System
 (Nobles+Officers administer→Collect Revenue)
 Iqtadar (Muqti/Wali)

 LITERATURE
 Hasan Nizami wrote Taj-ul-Maasir(Persian)
 First official history of Delhi Sultanate

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MAMLUK DYNASTY
Qutb-al Din Aibak (1206-1210)

 ARCHITECTURE
 Indo-Islamic Architecture
 Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra, Ajmer
 shed of 2
 Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Mehrauli,
 commemorate delhi capture
 Qutb Minar
 First storey
 Dedicated to Khwaja Qutbuddin Bhaktiyar Khaki

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MAMLUK DYNASTY

Shams-ud-Din Iltumish(1211-1236)
 Illbari tribe
 Former Slave and iqtadar of Badaun
 Killed Aram Shah (son of Qutbuddin aibak)@ Bagh-i-Jud,Delhi
 Married Aibak’s daughter

 POLITY

 1221:Battle of Indus:
 Mongol leader Genghis Khan(Mongol Empire) Vs Jalal-ad
Din Mingburnu (Khwarizmian Dynasty)
 Refused to give shelter to Jalal-Din Mingburnu
 Abbasid Caliph recognized him as Indepndent Ruler
 Gave the title ‘Sultan –e-asam’
 Longest serving Slave ruler

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MAMLUK DYNASTY

Shams-ud-Din Iltumish(1211-1236)
 ADMINISTRATION
 Shifted Capital from Lahore to Delhi
 Expanded Iqta System (qutbuddin aibak:started)
 Nobles and officers inlieu of salary
 Modified 40 member Turkan-i-Chahalgani/Dal chalisa
 Coins: Silver Tanka: Copper Jital
 First to issue regular currency
 Inscribed representative of Khalifa in coins
 Pure Arabic coins

 ARCHITECTURE
 Addition of 3 storeys to Qutub Minar
 Sultan Ghari (Tomb of son of iltumish),Vasantgunj
 Hauz I Shamsi, Mehrauli

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MAMLUK DYNASTY

 Raziya Sultana (1236-1240)

 Daughter of Iltumish
 Iltumish had declared her as heir apparent
 First and only female Muslim Ruler of Delhi

 POLITICAL EVENTS
 Relation with Jamal-ud-Din Yaqut, Abyssinian Slave(africa)
 Malik Altunia (governor of Bhatinda) attacked and later married
 Her brother usurped the throne
 March to Delhi
 Killed at Kaithal(haryana) by Jats
 Tomb @ Turkman Gate,Old Delhi

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MAMLUK DYNASTY

 Ghiyasuddin Balban(1266-1287)
 Slave of Iltumish (Also called Ulugh Khan)
 One among the chalissa
 Regent of Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah
 Minhaj-i-Siraj wrote Tabaqat-i-Nasiri during Nasiruddin Mahmdud Shah

 ADMINISTRATION
 Zil-I-Ilahi(shadaw of god)
 Sijda(prostration) and Paibos(kissing)
 No Zest+laughter+Wine+gambling
 Blood and iron policy
 Suppressed 40 member Chalisa
 Indian Muslims were not given important posts

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MAMLUK DYNASTY

 ARMY
 Diwan-i-ariz: Military Department
 Salary for soldiers

 CULTURE
 Navroz (Persian New Year)
 Encounter with Madhavacharya(Dvaita philosophy)

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KHALJI DYNASTY (1290-1320)

Khalaj Tribe (from Turkistan and latter settled in Afghan)

 Turco Afghan Dynasty
Established:
Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji (Commander of Qaiqabad)
Disestablished:
Qutb ad Din Mubarak Shah (killed by Khusrau Khan:Ghazi Malik(tughluq) killed)

Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji(1290-1296)

Firuz
 Killed Sidi Maula (persian sufi saint) for treason
 Appointed Alauddin Khalji as Governor of Kara

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KHALJI DYNASTY (1290-1320)
KHALJI
DYNASTY

JALALUDDIN KHALJI
ELDER BROTHER
(1290-96)
ASSASSINATED BY
ALAUDDIN KHALJI
SON + (SON IN LAW OF
JALALUDDIN)
ALAUDDIN KHALJI

(1296-1316)

SON
QUTBUDDIN MUBARAK SON
SHAH SHIHABUDDIN OMAR
(1316-20) (1316)
Murdered by Khusrau Khan Regent Malik Kafur

HOMOSEXUAL PARTNER
KHUSRAU KHAN
(1320)

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KHALJI DYNASTY (1290-1320)

Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316)

 Ali Gurshasp
 Nephew and son in law of Jalaluddin Khilji
 Governor of Kara and Awadh
 Raided Devagiri in 1296
 Killed Jalaluddin Khilji after Deccan expedition

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KHALJI DYNASTY (1290-1320)

Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316)

 MILITARY CONQUEST
 Mongols
 Sent his army six times against Mongols
 Third Mongol Ruler came upto Delhi but was prevented
from entering Capital City
 Chittoor
 Rani padmini(padmavati) performed Jauhar
 Padmavat written by Malik Muhammad Jayasi

 Deccan
 Malik Kafur (also called Hazar Dinari)(slave general)
 First expedition 1308→Devagiri,1310→Warangal
 Second expedition 1311→Halebidu and Madurai

 First Sultan to invade South India

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KHALJI DYNASTY(1290-1320)
Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316)

 ARMY REFORMS
 First sultan to introduce Permenant standing army
 Abolished iqta and paid in salary
 Dagh: Branding of Horse
 Chehra: Biometric information about soldiers
 Huliya: descriptive list of soldiers+horses
 Munhiyans+Barids: secret agents

 MARKET REFORMS
 Diwan-i-Riyasat→ Department,Naib-i-Riyasat→Officer
 4 market:grain,cloth,horse,miscellaneous
 Shahana-i-Mandi: officer in charge of markets
 Unified weights and measures
 Munhiyans: Secret agents senting reports to Sultan

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KHALJI DYNASTY(1290-1320)
Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316)

 REVENUE REFORMS
 First Sultan who ordered for mesurement of land
 Measuring unit: Biswa
 Revenue was collected in Cash than in Kind
 Abolished Iqta system→brought under Khalisa(state land)
 Diwan –i-Mustakhraj:
 Department of Arrears( revenue from previous iqta holders)
 Ghari:House tax
 Charai/Chari: Pastoral tax

 SOCIAL REFORMS
 Banned Alcohol+Cannabis+Gambling
 Steps to curb adultery

 RELIGIOUS POLICY
 First sultan to separate religion from politics : says Ziauddin Barani

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KHALJI DYNASTY(1290-1320)
Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316)

 LITERATURE
 Amir khusrau (1253-1325)
 Sufi poet and scholar
 Abul Hasan
 Disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya
 Father of qawwali
 Introduced Ghazal
 Sitar,tabla,sarod
 Laila majnu+Tughluq nama+Tariq e Aala
 Voice of India,Father of Urdu literature,Parrot of India

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KHALJI DYNASTY(1290-1320)
Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316)

 ARCHITECTURE
 New Capital: Siri
 Thousand pillar palace(hazar sutan)
 Haus Khas (tank) (for siri fort)

 Alai Darwaza
 infront of Quwwat ul Islam mosque
 Alai Minar

 NICK NAMES
 Sikander-i-Sani(Second Alexander)
 Samudragupta of Muslim India
 Called himself deputy of Caliph
 LEGACY
 Longest serving Khalji Sultan

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TUGHLUQ DYNASTY (1320-1414)

Established:
 Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq

Disestablished:
 Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Tughluq (followed by Invasion of Timur)

POLITY
 Longest serving sultanate

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TUGHLUQ DYNASTY (1320-1414)

TUGHLUQ
DYNASTY

Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq Younger brother

(1320-25)

Son Son
Muhammad Bin Tughlaq Feroz shah Tughlaq
(1325-51) (1351-88)

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TUGHLUQ DYNASTY (1320-1414)

 Ghiyasuddin Tughluq(1320-25)

 Ghazi Malik
 Governor of Dipalpur(pakistan)
 Nobles invited him+Killed Khusru Khan
 Siege of Warangal
 Sent son Ulugh Juna Khan to Warangal(Prataparudra)
 Annexed Kakatiya
 Tughlaqabad(fear of mongols)(Curse of Nizamuddin Auliya:Baoli)
 No song and dance in court
 Wooden pavilion collapsed
 Killed by Ulugh Jauna Khan(son)

 LITERATURE
 Tughluq Nama by Amir Khusrau

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TUGHLUQ DYNASTY (1320-1414)

Muhammad Bin Tughluq(1325-1351)

 Ulugh Jauna Khan
 Only sultan receiving comprehensive literary,religious and philosophical education

 Transfer of Capital
 Delhi→Devagiri(Daulatabad)
 Renamed Devagiri
 Abdul Malik Isami wrote Futuh-us-Salatin(Gift of the Sultans)
mentioning the transfer of capital

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TUGHLUQ DYNASTY (1320-1414)

Muhammad Bin Tughluq(1325-1351)

 Token Currency
 COINS: Gold→Dinar, Silver→Adl
 Copper+brass coins:Shortage of silver:forging
 Exchange of silver coins for copper coins
 Prince of Moneyers

 Taxation in Doab
 Ganga Yamuna Doab:Famine:Peasant revolt
 To collect ½ of produce(early 1/3):failed

 AGRICULTURAL REFORMS
 Diwan-i-Kohi+Takkavi Loans
 Model farm
 Famine code to relieve victims of famine

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TUGHLUQ DYNASTY (1320-1414)

 ARCHITECTURE
 Jahanpanah(refuge of the world)
 Nizamuddin Dargah

 Other Events
 Formation of Madurai Sultanate +Vijayanagar+Bahmani
 Conversation with Jinaprabha suri (jain monk)
 Visit of Ibn Battutta:
 Safarnama,Rihla (Arabic)
 Appointed as Chief Qazi of Delhi
 Prison→Later Sultan’s envoy to China
 Called MBT as ‘Ill starred idealist’
 Wise fool
 Baduani: “Sultan was freed from people and people from sultan”

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TUGHLUQ DYNASTY (1320-1414)

FEROZ SHAH TUGHLUQ(1351-1388)

 Cousin of Muhammad bin Tughluq
 Khan-Jahan Maqbal,Telugu Brahmin convert:Wazir(prime minister)

 POLITY
 Nagarkot
 Jwalamukhi temple library:Sanskrit→Persian

 ADMINISTRATION
 Followed ulemas and nobles
 Iqta made hereditary
 Dug irrigation canals from yamuna river
 First sultan to impose irrigation tax
 Royal factories:Karkhanas:Slaves:supplied goods to palace
 Diwan-i-Khairat:Orphans and widows
 Diwan-i-Bundagan:Department of Slaves

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TUGHLUQ DYNASTY (1320-1414)

 ECONOMY
 Coins(Adha+Bikh+Shashgani and Hastgani)

 RELIGIOUS POLICY
 Intolerant
 Jiziya seperated from land revenue and strict imposition

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TUGHLUQ DYNASTY (1320-1414)

 LITERATURE
 Autobiography: Futuhat-e-firozshahi
 Ziauddin Barani: (both MBT and FST)
 Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi→Balban to Firoz shah tughluq
 Fatwa-i-Jahandari→Advices to Muslim rulers
 Shams-i-siraj Afif: Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi

ARCHITECTURE
 Qutub Minar
 Repair of Qutub Minar after lightning + addition of one storey
 City Firozabad→Fort Firoz Shah Kotla
 Ashoka stupa
 Jaunpur( memory of Muhammad bin tughluq)
 Hisar-e-Firoza (Hisar City ) and Fatehabad (Both in Haryana)
 Structures around Hauz Khas

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INVASION OF TIMUR

 Mongol ruler (Timurid Empire) Timur sacked Delhi in 1398

 During the reign of Muhammad Nasiruddin Shah Tughluq
 Appointed Khizr Khan as deputy of Multan
 Zafarnama-biography of Timur by Sharif-al Din Ali-Yazdi

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SAYYID DYNASTY (1414-1451)

Established: Khizr Khan Sayyid

Disestablished: Ala-ud Din Shah

 (abdicated the throne+retired to Budaun)

Sayyids: Descendant of prophet Muhammad

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SAYYID DYNASTY(1414-1451)

Khizr Khan
Sayyid(1414-1421)

(son)
Mubarak Daughter
Shah(1421-1434)

Muhammad
Shah(1434-1445)

Alauddin
Shah(1445-1451)
Retired to Budaun

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SAYYID DYNASTY(1414-1451)

 Khizr Khan Sayyid(1414-1421)

 Governor of Multan under FST and was later expelled
 Helped Timur Sack delhi
 Captured Delhi on 1414

 Mubarak Shah(1421-1434)
 Tarikh-i-Mubarakshahi by Yahya-Bin Ahmad Sirhindi

 Muhammad Shah(1434-1443)

 Ala-ud Din Shah(1443-1451)

 Title: Alam Shah (world king)
 Handed over power to Bahlul lodi and retired to Budaun

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LODI DYNASTY(1451-1526)

 Established:
 Bahlul Khan Lodi (first afghan ruler)

Disestablished:
 Ibrahim Lodi (was defeated at Battle of Panipat)

First Afghan rulers of Delhi Sultanate

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LODI DYNASTY

Bahlul Khan
Lodi
(1451-1489)

Sikandar Lodi
(1489-1517)

Ibrahim Lodi
(1517-1526)

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LODI DYNASTY(1451-1526)

 Bahlul Khan Lodi(1451-1489)

 Governor of Punjab
 Delhi sultan ruled for longest time

 Sikandar Lodi(1489-1517)
 Founded Agra City (wazir+that which is agar(ahead))
 Shifted Capital from Delhi to Agra
 Gaz-i-Sikandari (Sikandar’s yard: 32 digit)
 Persian Poems: (Gulrukhi:pen name)
 Bigot: Destroyed Hindu temples and restrictions on Hindus

 Ibrahim Lodi(1517-1526)
 Insulted Nobles
 Daulat khan Lodi (governor of Lahore)+Alauddin Khan(Alam Khan)(uncle)
invited Babur(ruler of Kabul) to invade India
 First Battle of panipat(1526)

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ADMINISTRATION UNDER DELHI SULTANATE

 Iqta(Provinces)→Iqtadar/Muqit/Wali (governors )
 Shiq(District)→Shiqdar
 Parganas(Sub District)→Amil (Collected land revenue and other taxes)
 Village →Chaudhari/Muqaddam(Village Headman)
 Kotwal→Police head
 Faujdar→Military officers in charge of Fort
 Patwari→Village Record Keeper
 Hazamdars→treasurer

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ADMINISTRATION UNDER DELHI SULTANATE

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Officials
Subject
Wazir     
Topic           
DELHI SULTANATE
 Prime Minister,in Charge of revenue and finances, controlled by other
departments.
Naib-i-Mamlikata A noble(next to sultan and sometimes above wazir)
Mushrif-I-mamaik Accountant general
Ariz-i-Mumalik Head of Military department
Qazi-ul-Qusat Legal Officer [dispensed civil law based on Muslim law Shariat)

Wakil-i-dar-mahal Controller of the royal Household

Barid-i- mumalik Head of the state news agency(spy system and postal)
Amir-i-majlis Officer-in-charge of royal feasts, conference and festivals

Majlis-i-am   Council of friends and officers      consulted on important affairs of the state

Dahir-i- mumalik Head of the royal correspondence

Sadr-us- sudur Dealt with the religious matters and endowments.
Sadr-i-jahan Officers-in-charge of religious and charitable endowment

Amir-i-dad Public prosecutors

Naib wazir Deputy Minister
Vakil-I-dar - Officer-in-charge of the royal court
Davir-i-Khas Head of Diwan-i-insha(correspondence btw sultan and other rulers)

Diwan-i-risalat Minister of foreign affairs

49 49
ADMINISTRATION UNDER DELHI SULTANATE

 TAXES
 Ushr:
 Land tax from muslim peasants:10% on rainfed
and 5% on irrigated
 Kharaj
 Land tax from Non Muslims
 Khams
 Tax on war booty and hidden treasure
 Jiziya
 Religious tax on non muslims
 Graded-3 level
 Women,Children,Brahmins exempted
 Zakat
 Religios tax on Muslims for Charity

50
ADMINISTRATION UNDER DELHI SULTANATE

 Land Revenue
 Four Kinds of land

1. Inam: Gift/Charity: Muslim scholars and saints

2. Iqta:Provincial governors: Walis/muqtis
3. Feudatory Hindu Chiefs
4. Khalisa:Central Government land:

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VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE

52
VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE(1336-1646)

 Established:
Harihara I and Bukka Raya I
 Disestablished:
 Sriranga III
 Capital:
 Hampi

 POLITICAL HISTORY
 Four Dynsaties
 Sangama-Harihara I and Bukka Raya
 Saluva-Saluva Narasimhan
 Tuluva:Veera Narasimhan
 Aravidu:Thirumala Devarayar(Tirumala Nayak)

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VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE(1336-1646)

 SANGAMA DYNASTY
 Harihara I and Bukka Raya I formed with blessings of Saint
Vidyaranya to fight Muslim invasion in South India

 Deva Raya II
 Gajabatekara

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VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE(1336-1646)

 TULUVA DYNASTY

 KRISHNADEVARAYAR(1509-1529)
 LITERATURE
 Krishnadevaraya:
 Amuktamalyada (telugu)(statecraft)
 Jambavati Kalyanam (sanskrit)+
 Ushaparinayam
 Ashtadiggajas(bhuvanavijayam)
 Allasani Pedanna
 “Andhra Kavita Pitamaha”
 Manucharitam+Harikathasaram
 Prabandha Period
 Golden age of telugu literature

 Nick Names
 Andhra Bhoja(Scholar king)
 Abhinava Bhoja

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VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE(1336-1646)

 SADASHIVARAYAR
 Battle of Talikotta (Rakkasagi Tangadagi)(Bannihatti)
in 1565
 Vijayanagar vs Deccani Sultanate
 Led by Aliya Ramarayar:
 Minister Aliya(son in law of Krishnadevaraya)

 Brother: Thirumala Devarayar (Aravidu Dynasty)

 Capital: Penkonda →Later Chandragiri

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VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE(1336-1646)

ADMINISTRATION
 Provincial Administration (Prant/Rajya)
 Nayangar System
 Land Grants called Amaram to Nayaks
 Districts (Nadus)
 Villages
 Ayyagar System
 Ayyagar headed Mandalams

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VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE(1336-1646)

 ARCHITECTURE

 Hazara rama temple by Deva Raya I

 Viajaya Vithala Temple,Hampi
 Virupaksha temple,Hampi by Deva Raya II

 Nagalapur City (memory of mother Nagala Devi)

By Krishnadevarayar

 Balakrishna Temple,Hampi
 By Krishnadevarayar commemorating his victory over
Gajapati Kingdom,Odisha

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VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE(1336-1646)

 TRAVELLERS
 Nicolo Conti: Italian Merchant: Devaraya I(1420)
 Abdur RazzaK: Persian: Devaraya II
 Afanasy Nikitin:Russian
 Duarte Barbosa: Portuguese:Krishnadevarayar
 Domingo Paes: Portuguese:Krishnadevaraya
 Fernao Nuniz: Portuguese traveller
 Marco Polo: Venice
 Ibn Battutta: Morocco

 RANDOM FACTS
 Colin Mackenzie: Discovered the Vijayanagar ruins

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 BAHMANI
SULTANATE

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BAHMANI SULTANATE(1347-1527)

 Established:
 Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah
 Disestablished:
 Kalim-Allah Shah

 Capital:
 Daulatabad (1347-50)
 Gulbarga(Hasanabad)(1350-1425)
 Bidar (1425-1527)

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 Alauddin Bahman
Shah(1347-1358)

SON
Mohammed Shah I (1358-
1375)

Nizam-ud din Ahmad III Muhammad Shah III

(1461-63) Lashkari (1463-1482)
Mahmud Gawan as Mahmud Gawan as
regent regent and Prime Minister

Mahmud Shah Bahmani

II (1482-1518)
Later rulers were puppets
under Barid shahi dynasty

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BAHMANI SULTANATE(1347-1527)

 Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah(1347-1358)

 Afghan
 Early Name: (Zafar Khan) (Alauddin Hasan)(Hasan Gangu)
 Servant of Brahmin astrologer Gangu
 Noble of Muhammad bin Tughluq
 Made Gulbarga as capital and renamed as Hasanabad
 Abdul Malik Isami wrote Futuh-us-Salatin(Gift of the Sultans)

 Taj-ud Din Firuz Shah Bahmani (1397-1422)

 Built observatory at Daulatabad
 Founded Ferozabad in Gulbarga district
 Married Deva Raya I’s daughter

 Ahmad Shah Al Wali (1422-1436)

 Shifted capital to Bidar and built Bidar Fort
 Khwaja Bandenawaz Gaisu Daraz a sufi saint was responsible for
this
 Considered a Wali (friend of God),his tomb is venerated by Muslims

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BAHMANI SULTANATE(1347-1527)

 Mahmud Gawan(1461-1481)
 Gawan village in Iran
 Prime Minister to Muhammad Shah III
 Reduced power of nobles+Provinces
 Established Mahmud Gawan Madras at Bidar
 Executed on conspiracy of collusion with Vijayanagar
 ‘Prince of Merchants(business+power)’

 Kalim Allah Shah (1525-1527)

 fled to Bijapur in 1527

 LITERATURE
 Tarikh-i-Firishta by Persian historian Firishta

 TRAVELLERS
 Russian merchant and traveller Athanasius Nikitin mentions about
Mahmud Gawan

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DECCANI SULTANATE

65
DECCANI SULTANATE(1527-1686)

 Ahmednagar Sultanate (1490-1636)

 Nizam Shahi dynasty

 Berar Sultanate (1490-1572)

 Imad shahi Dynasty

 Bijapur Sultanate (1490-1686)

 adil shahi Dynasty

 Bidar Sultanate (1492-1619)

 barid shahi Dynasty

 Golconda Sultanate (1518-1687)

 Qutub Shahi Dynasty

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DECCANI SULTANATE(1527-1686)

Ahmednagar Sultanate (1490-1636)

 Nizam Shahi dynasty
 Capital
 Junnar (1490-94)
 Ahmednagar (1494-1600)
 Daulatabad (1499-1636)(secondary capital)
 Paranda(1600-1610)
 Khadki (Aurangabad)(1610-1636)

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DECCANI SULTANATE(1527-1686)

Ahmednagar Sultanate (1490-1636)

 Malik Ahmed Nizam Shah(1490-1510)
 Established
 Husain Nizam Shah I:
 Battle of Talikotta (1565)
 Chand Bibi (1595-1599)
 Regent+Defended Mughal forces of Akbar
 Malik Amber (1600-1626)
 Ethiopian
 Prime Minister+Regent
 Revenue Reforms
 In 1636, Mughal Viceroy of Deccan,Aurangzeb annexed the sultanate and
renamed Khadki as Aurangabad

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DECCANI SULTANATE(1527-1686)

 Berar Sultanate (1490-1572)

 Imad shahi Dynasty

 Fathulla Imad Al Mulk established

 Capital: Elichpur

 Conquered by Ahmednagar sultanate in 1572

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DECCANI SULTANATE(1527-1686)

 Bijapur Sultanate (1490-1686)

 Adil shahi Dynasty

 Yusuf Adil shah established

 Gol Gumbaz:
 Mausoleum of Muhammad Adil Shah
 One of the largest domes in the world

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DECCANI SULTANATE(1527-1686)

 Bidar
• Sultanate (1492-1619)
 Barid shahi Dynasty

 Qasim Barid I, prime minister of Bahmani established Barid Shahi

dynasty (de facto ruler)
 Other sultanates became indpendent of disaffection with him

 Was annexed to Bijapur Sultanate in 1619 by Ibrahim Adil Shah II

71
DECCANI SULTANATE(1527-1686)

 Golconda Sultanate (1518-1687)

 Qutub Shahi Dynasty
 Quli Qutb Mulk established

 Capital:
 Golconda (1519-1591)
 Hyderabad (1591-1687)

 Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah founded Hyderabad City

( Bhagya nagar) and built Charminar

 Mughal emperor Aurangzeb seized Golconda Fort in 1687

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SECOND PANDYA DYNASTY (1215-1345)

 Revived
 Maravarman Sundara Pandyan (1216-1238)
 Disestablished

 POLITY
 Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I (1250-1268)
 Maravarman Kulasekhara Pandyan I (1268-1308)
 Pandyan Civil War (1308-1323)
 Between older Sundara and younger Veera Pandyan
 Sundara Pandyan invited Malik Kafur to invade (1311)
 Khusro Khan invasion in 1314 (Plunder)
 Ulugh Khan in 1323
 Annexed Pandyan dominions as provine of Ma’bar
 South India divided into 5 province
 Devagiri,Tiling,Dwarasamudra,Mabar

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MADURAI SULTANATE (1335-1378)

 ESTABLISHED
 Jalaluddin Ahsan Khan (was governor of Mabar)
 by declaring independence from Tughluq Dynasty
 (token currency issue)
 His daughter was married to Ibn Battuttah
 Disestablished
 Alauddin Sikander Shah (got defeated in a battle with Vijayanagar)
 Succeded by Vijayanagar Empire
 Divided into 3 Nayakship
 Gingee
 Tanjore
 Madurai

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SEVEN CITIES OF DELHI

75
REFERENCES

TAMIL NADU CLASS XI HISTORY TEXTBOOK

MEDIEVAL INDIA CLASS xi by SATISH CHANDRA
WIKIPEDIA
NCERT TEXTBOOKS

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