Pharmacology Antibiotics list - Practical exam - 3rd year GM - 2018

Bacteria Infection 1st choice antibiotic 2nd choice antibiotic

Streptococcus Streptococcal ● Penicillin V ● Clarithromycin (macrolides)
pyogenes acute Adult: 250 mg P.O - q.id → 10 days Adult: 250 mg P.O - b.id → 10 days
pharyngitis Children: 250 mg P.O - b.id/t.i.d → 10 days
● Penicillin G ● Clindamycin (lincosamides)
Adult: 1,2 MU I.M - single dose Adult: 150-300 mg P.O - t.i.d or q.id → 10
Children: 0,6 MU I.M - single dose days

Streptococcus Acute ● Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid ● Ceftriaxone

pneumoniae pneumonia 500 mg P.O - t.i.d → 7- 10 days
● Ampicillin (! more GI side effects: diarrhea)
Adult: 250 mg P.O - q.id
Children: 50 mg/kg/day P.O - q.i.d
1 gr I.M/I.V - b.i.d → 14 days
● Clarithromycin
250 mg P.O - b.id → 10 days
● Penicillin G (! more resistant strains)
● Clindamycin

Staphylococcus Cellulitis A A
Aureus Skin infections ● Oxacillin ● Cefazolin (1st generation cephalosporins)
Ulcers 1 gr I.M/I.V - q.i.d → 7 days 250-500 mg I.M/I.V - t.i.d
● Methicillin A and MRSA
A ● Clindamycin
● Doxycycline

Haemophilus Acute bronchitis yo/severe yo/severe

Influenzae ● Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid ● Ciprofloxacin
500 mg P.O - t.i.d → 7-10 days 500 mg P.O - b.i.d → 14 days
yo/less severe yo/less severe
 ● Ceftriaxone ● Clarithromycin
1 gr I.M/I.V - b.i.d ● Azithromycin
● Cefuroxime axetil

Shigella Acute diarrhoea ● Ciprofloxacin ● Ceftriaxone

(Enterobacter.) - Shigellosis Adult: 500 mg P.O - b.i.d → 5-7 days ● Azithromycin

E. Coli Urinary infection ● Cotrimoxazole ● Ciprofloxacin

Cystitis (Trimetoprim/Sulfamethoxazole) ● Ceftriaxone
- 160-800 mg P.O - b.i.d → 14 days
- 8-10 mg/kg/day I.V in 2- 4 equally divided
doses → 14 days

Chlamydia Urethritis ● Doxycycline (tetracyclines) ● Azithromycin (macrolides)

Adult: 100 mg P.O - b.i.d → 7 days Adult: 1 gr P.O - as a single dose

Treponema Primary syphilis ● Penicillin G ● Doxycycline

Adult: 2,4 MU I.M - single dose Adult: 100 mg P.O - b.i.d → 14 days

Pseudomonas Skin infection ● Piperacillin + Tazobactam ● Ceftazidime (3rd.)

Aeruginosa Adult: 4.5 gr I.V - t.i.d → 7-10 days ● Gentamicin
- damages the kidneys!
● Ciprofloxacin

Neisseria Gonococcal ● Ceftriaxone

Gonorrhoea infection Adult: 250 mg I.M - single dose
(ex: joints !! Azithromycin --> should be given
infection)
together with it. (1 gr P.O - single dose)
 Bacterial endocarditis - ● Amoxicillin ● Clindamycin
Prophylaxis/S.Viridans is the Adult: 2 gr P.O - single dose 30- 60 mins Adult: 600 mg P.O - single dose
most common cause! prior to procedure ● Ampicillin

Wound contaminated with soil - ● Penicillin G (cover G(+)) ● Anti- tetanus serum (AB and tetanus test)
Prophylaxis ● Metronidazole (cover anaerobes)
250-500 mg P.O - t.i.d/500 mg I.V - t.i.d