Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BSc. THESIS
ASAYEHEGH H/GIWORGIS
JUNE, 2023
DIRE DAWA, ETHIOPIA
APPROVAL SHEET
DIRE DAWA UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIC AND ETHICAL STUDIES
I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, I would like to thank the Almighty God. Secondly, I would like to thank my advisor
Mr. Dessalegn A. for his continues and constructive suggestion for each chapter of the study. And
also, special thanks for my families and friends who provide advice and financial support from
the beginning. Finally, I sincerely thank to my respondents who give their time for responding
research questions and help me in providing relevant information for the study.
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COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the role of Civics and Ethical Education in building the
good behavior of citizens and making them active participants for the development of democratic
culture in Haramaya town. To achieve this goal, the research employed qualitative method.
Accordingly, secondary sources like books, journal article, documents, and report were used. To
substantiate the data gathered through secondary sources, the researcher also used primary
sources where data collected through key informant interview. The finding of the study showed
that present Civic and Ethical Education is progressive as compared to its predecessors. The
researcher concluded that the factors are improper method of delivery, lack of role of model
teachers and lack of democratic school administration. Thus, for the practical realization of
words on the course, the researcher recommended that calls for the strong commitment of all
stakeholders and there to be a role model to others and create a conducive to practically build the
behavioral and skills shall be needed in the subject.
Key words: Civics and Ethical Education, Active Citizens, Good behavior, Democratic
Culture
1 Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..............................................................................................................
ii
Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................
iii
CHAPTER ONE.............................................................................................................................1
1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background...........................................................................................................................1
III
1.2 Statement of the Problem......................................................................................................2
1.3 Objectives of the Study.........................................................................................................2
1.3.1 General objective............................................................................................................2
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CHAPTER ONE
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
It is obvious that democracy cannot be achieved in the absence of Citizens’ participation. As a
remedy for these problems, all the democracies have been convinced of the importance of having
active and informed citizens, who will sustain democracy (Deth, 2013). Creating active
citizenship is instrument for the flourishing of democracy. Citizens to be active and there by
undertake these activities they need to have necessary knowledge, skills, attitude and values. To
this end Civics and Ethical Education have been provided in many country of the world
(Branson, 2007). Through the help of civic education, people’s participation will bring and
sustain democracy. After all, democracy cannot deserve its name without citizen’s participation
(Tovomasyan, T. and Thoma, m,. 2008).
The reason for the need of Civics and Ethical Education is to prepare rational, competent,
responsible and participating citizens who committed to the values and virtue of democracy. The
rational of creating such citizens is further justified by the fact that Ethiopia had experienced
decline in public trust of government. Hence the need faces and address such pessimism become
an immediate task to be accomplished (Girma, 2006).
In Ethiopia, the beginning of 1990 was formative period for civic and ethical education. This was
due to major social and political development that took place in the countries. In 1991, the
socialist military dictatorship was overthrown by armed political group of Ethiopia people
revolutionary democratic front meanwhile this political group established transitional
government (Akalewold Eshete 2005).
Even though the subject has been given in Ethiopia at different levels of schools with the
intention of creating good citizens, who are equipped with virtue character and active participants
in the overall affairs of their country, there is no comprehensive study conducted on the role of
civic and ethical education in achieving such objectives (Woube kassaye 2005).
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Therefore, this research would attempt to study the role of Civic and Ethical Education in
promotion of democratic culture in the study area (politically, economically and socially). Civic
and Ethical Education is a viable mechanism to promote democratic culture. Generally, the
research would be committed to study the general trends of democratic culture by exploring both
challenges and opportunities in the study area.
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HAPTERC TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
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Ethiopia is a country of great history, culture and diverse people with distinctive Ethiopian values
such as truthfulness obedience and fairness. Some sources indicate that the attempt to introduce
civic and ethical education was made in the 1990. During the imperial regime, the subject of
moral education was given formally in schools. To obedience and sense of subservience in the
younger generation, so that there could remain docile to the prevailing political, social, economic
order (Girma, 2006).
Derg which overthrown the imperial regime assumed power in line with social political
philosophy. The government declared Marxism as its official ideology and education in the
country are towards the inoculation (Woube, 2005). The aim of socialist education would citizens
who have all rounded personality by including the inter society with socialist ideology, thus
arming the required knowledge for social construction. For this purpose, a sort of civics
education called political education was designed and launched in school curriculum of the
country (Akalewold, 2005).
The government was totalitarian and single party system. It has no place for the teaching of
various democratic idea and essential citizenship value due to anti- democratic nature of the
military governments, one way perhaps not expected that political education. It was helps to be
students understanding and exercise their right and responsibility. Instead it was used by the
government as a weapon in its efforts to indoctrinate the socialist ideology in the minds of the
students and to intensify anti- feudal imperialists and capitalists struggle (Girma, 2006).
Generally, the emperor used the subject as a means to sustain his power but later suspended with
the collapse of the regime.
The time of Ethiopian people's revolutionary democratic front seized power in May 1991. This
charter States equal rights and freedom to the people. It also stipulates equality between nation
and nationality of the country. The transitional government was then replaced by the federal
government (Alamirew, 2005).
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disposition commitment and attitude that citizens possess which was essential to carry out
responsibility (Akalewold, 2005).
The ultimate purpose of civic and ethical education is creating good citizens who has an
intellectual capacity to critically analyze ideas, actively participates in civic life, including
political life has an admirable character and genuinely cares about the wellbeing of other citizens
( Shon , 2015 ).
1.12 Role of Civics and Ethical Education in Promoting Democratic Culture
It is obvious that, civics and ethical education is aimed at creating active and participants
citizens. In line with this idea, it is asserted that civics and ethical education aimed at creating
individuals with the capacity to go beyond citizens, who are passive subjects of the state to those
who are well informed and responsible. This shows that civic and ethical education has a
prominent role in the development of Democratic government through promoting popular
participation democratic and development process ( Tovomasyan and Thoma, 2008).
The major role of civics and ethical education is to produce good citizens. There is no
government in the world without the intention of shaping citizens according to its Constitution
Among educational mission of civics and ethical education. Good citizens in liberal view were
one who adopted certain rules and standard of public real (Branson, 2007).
In participatory democracy, society has common bond mutual interest in which both collective
and individual rights are considered. It involves the creation obligatory demands, social sense,
interdependent and recognition of political responsibility. In general the most important aim of
teaching civic was to produce the ideal citizens which are respect value and defense basic right
and realize the necessary connection of education and democracy (Dawit, 2006).
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knowledge and disposition to affirm both changes in behavioral and attitudes of the learners. It
has contributed to the Creation of good and ethical behavior among citizens. The study
conducted on the area affirmed that the subject is also creating favorable environment to the co-
existence with other socio-cultural group.
The subject is creating perhaps the notable contributions on the citizens as to their rights duties as
well as the overall political life of the state. Besides, civic and ethical education contributes to
introduce the youth with the value democracy and human rights which never existed in the
country modern history. Thus shows that the subject is playing a role in informing citizens with
having quality good governance contrasting the previous undemocratic tradition.
1.14 Challenges of Civics and Ethical Education in Promoting Democratic Culture
Despite positive contribution in building good behavior and creating active citizens, the large bro
ought are not satisfactory. There are a number of factors which limits the proper realization of the
purpose of civic and ethical education. The following are some of the major factors; lack of civil
society engagement, lack of democratic school administration, improper mode of delivery,
external environment, weak democracy, and lack of role of model teachers. It is difficult to
achieve the objective of civics education in the school that is dominated by a culture that does
not promote dialogue, tolerance, acceptance ( Abdulhamed, 2009).
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CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
1.16 Population
The 2005 national central statistical agency Haramaya has an estimated total population of
15,317 of whom 7,796 are men and 7,521 women. The majority of the population is merchant
and the majority of the community inhabitant were Muslim (CSA, 2005).
1.17 Climates
The climate condition of Haramaya districts is characterized by high lands of 11%, lowland 55%
and desert 34%. The total temperature ranges between 20-35 with a mean annual rainfall 900 to
1100mm with big rain in spring and small rain in autumn (Haramaya Administration office,
2008).
1.18 Language
Haramaya town is the home of nation nationality that every nation live together. They have
various languages. Those languages are Afan Oromo, Amharic, Somali, and Adere. The dominant
speakers are Afan Oromo speakers in the area (Haramaya Administration office, 2008).
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11
CHAPTER FOUR
The key informants from teachers association added that a good civics education enable
community to enjoy their rights and duties. In lined with this Civics and Ethical Education is
important to cultivate the attitude of community with democratic culture. As a result, they can
properly exercise their rights and discharge their responsibility, so that contributed for democratic
governance in the study area
As the views of key informants, Civics and Ethical Education has its own role for the
establishment of good administration. This is mainly because it has individuals to make them to
respect the law and regulations. For instance, most of the key informants explained about the
contribution of Civics and Ethical education for the practice of good administration that plays
great role in ensuring democratic culture to the country laws.
Also key informants from the participants of focus group discussion of women association added
that, it is quite Significance to follow the principles of code of conduct to create good
administration that asserts democratic culture in the study area. On the other hand, some of key
informants suggested that Civics and Ethical Education contribute a lot for the promoting
country with coordination and existence of democratic culture.
Besides to the above, the majority of key informants replied that Civics and Ethical Education
play vital role in changing the negative behavior of the students about the essence, values,
principles, and practice of democratic culture. In lined with this Civics and Ethical Education
helps the community enable to distinguish what is moral or immoral actions which leads to
negative consequences.
From views of key informants, the researcher can have concluded that giving Civics and Ethical
Education as a subject is helpful to fulfill the principles of code of conduct and to follow the right
way of living. Furthermore, most of key informants explained that Civics and Ethical Education
is playing a key role in building up democratic culture, and encouraging community to respect
the customs, cultures, and Perception among the community.
Most of the key informants explained that the awareness of society is the building blocks for the
development of democratic culture. In lined with this view, Civics and Ethical Education is
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important to prepare competent, responsible and participating citizens who are committed to the
values and virtue of the democracy in the study area.
The key informants from teachers’ association added that civics and ethical education is
important to bring forth the historical and cultural awareness of the society. It enables citizens to
share mutual concerns and provide knowledge for safe adaptation of the society.
From the key informant’s point of view, the researchers can conclude that, civics and ethical
education is helps to provide practical learning about right and duties of the citizens.
In addition to the above data were collected from interview of Bule Hora town association of
women and teachers’ association. The data are analyzed under the following ways:
As key informants are replies, the benefit of society from Civics and Ethical Education in the
study area, as providing the awareness of community about gender and minority equality in
economics and political lives. From this view, the researcher concluded that Civics and Ethical
Education can play key role in promoting democratic culture in the study area through providing
societal awareness.
2.2 Levels and Status of Civics and Ethical Education in Promoting Democratic
Culture in the Study Area
The key informants from business Organization and woman's association replied that Civics and
Ethical Education plays active role and be exemplary in community participation. Majority of
them are replied that, civics and ethical education is the precondition for the development of the
democratic culture in the study area. From this, the researchers can conclude that, Civics and
Ethical Education has Significance to regional and local government in uplifting democratic
culture in the study area.
As the key informants from focus group discussion explained for the researchers Civics and
Ethical Education has its own status and levels to create a harmony and tolerance among the
society, and also it helps to create competent and responsible citizens, know the values and moral
norm in the study area. The majority of key informants replied that Civics and Ethical Educations
are playing more roles in promoting democratic culture through upgrading awareness among the
society. Besides to this, they explained that Civics and Ethical Education helps to ensure values
and principles of democracy in the study area by making society being rational and moral
conduct among each other.
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The key informants from teacher’s association added that, civics and ethical education had high
status to solve the problem of society through bringing ethical behavior in the study area. In lined
with the view of the key informants, the researcher can concluded that Civics and Ethical
Education play a key role to secured and realized the presence of democratic culture by
accomplishing different tasks, particularly in relation to upgrading popular participation among
the society of Haramaya town.
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CHAPTER FIVE
3.1 CONCLUSION
The study is attempted to examine the role of Civics and Ethical Education in promoting
democratic culture, and also it explain the levels and status of the role of civics and ethical
education in Haramaya town. Describing the past change and features of civic and ethical
education in promoting democratic culture in the study area. This study concluded that civic and
ethical education has an essential role of democratic culture and good ethical behavior.
The results of the study indicated that the major factors those obstacles in the role of Civics and
Ethical Education in promoting democratic culture in Haramaya town: lack of civil society
engagements, improper mode of delivery, and lack of role of model teachers. The study also
showed the society has benefited from civics and ethical education as civic and ethical education
bring challenges in behavior and attitudes of the society and creating good and ethical behavior
in Haramaya town.
3.2 RECOMMENDATION
Based upon the finding, the following recommendation is forwarded:
Educating civics and ethical education by government institutions alone cannot be
sufficient to promote democratic culture and good ethical behavior in Haramaya town.
Hence, civil society organizations should be involved in teaching civics and ethical
education.
Civic and Ethical Education is ongoing process that needs a joint of effort of the
community and other stakeholders.
There should be awareness among the society to produce the desire outcome.
The government should be responsible to prevent lack of practical realization and lack of
models teachers that impede the role of civics and ethical education in promoting
democratic culture and also the government should evaluate the society attitude towards
civic and ethical education.
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REFERENCE
Abdulhaameed, E, (2000) Raising submissive and dependent citizens: The case of Egyptian
schools.
Akalewold Eshete (2005). Civic and ethical education curriculum policy recent government
interest of subsequent development Flambeau volume 13.
Branson (2007) The role of civic and ethical education, New York,Woband civics. Cremswell
(2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and mixed methods, Approaches sage
publications.
Cremswell (2003). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and mixed methods, Approaches
sage publications.
Dawit Lema (2006), Perception of Teachers and Students towards civic and ethical education and
its practice in selected preparatory schools, un published, Addis Ababa, MA thesis.
Deth, J, 2013 Citizenship and the civic realities of everyday life, in Murray print and Dirk longer
( eds ) Civic education and competences for engaging citizens in Democracies, The Netherlands:
Sense publishers.
Girma Alemayehu (2006), The implementation of grade 8 civic and ethical education, the case of
city administration un published MA, thesis AAU.
Gosa Setu and Desta Tamrat (2014), The role of civic and ethical education in shaping attitude of
the students of Higher education, Publication, Vol, 4,. issue 10.
Meron Tilahun (2006). Civic education and Students of Higher education: A case study
proceeding of the fourth national conference in private Higher education in Ethiopia , Addis
Ababa: st Mary's University College.
Shon , J,(2015).Defining civic and citizenship education. Available at: http, manoa , hawai ,
edu, / Wp_content / upload/ The Good citizens -HEPC- may- 6th - 2015.
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Tovomasyan, T and Thoma , m,. (2008). The impact of civic and ethical education in Ethiopia
schools, students and community’. http:/ we crrc,. am, / hosting file / static content/ fellows /
fellowship 07/ ℅.
Woube kassaye (2005),. An overview of curriculum development in Ethiopia, 1908- 2005, 45,.
Addis Ababa University.
APPENDIX
Leading Questions for interview
The interview is provided with the objective of relevant information concerning with the role of
civic and ethical education in promoting democratic culture.
Plan
Title: Role of civics and Ethical Education in promoting Democratic Culture in Haramaya
town.
Type of interview: semi-structured interview
Place: Haramaya town
Interviewer and note taker: Asayehegn H/Giworgis Interviewee:
Date: 05/06/2023
Duration: One month
Guarantee for interviewee: confidentiality of interviewee was kept. Objectives
To describe the contribution of Civics and ethical education in promoting democratic
culture.
To explain the levels and status of civic and ethical education in promoting democratic
culture.
To identify the possible ways for civic and ethical education in promoting democratic
culture
To know the awareness of Society to promote democratic culture.
Recommendation
Questions for Interview
Contribution of civic and ethical education in promoting democratic culture.
1. What is the contribution of civic and ethical education in promoting democratic culture?
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COLLEGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES
2. How do you suggest about the contribution of civics and ethical education in promoting
democratic culture?
3. How do you understand about the role of civics and ethical education for the behavioral
changes?
Levels and Status of Civics and Ethical Education in promoting democratic culture.
1. How do you estimate the levels of civic and ethical education in promoting democratic
culture?
2. What is your suggestion about the levels of civics and ethical to create active
participants?
3. How do you think that the role of civics and ethical education in promoting democratic
culture?
Factors that impede civics and ethical education in promoting democratic.
1. What are the factors that hinder civic and ethical education in promoting democratic
culture?
2. How do you explain the Challenges of civics and ethical education in promoting
democratic culture?
Interview for the participants of focus group discussion from women association and teachers
association.
1. What is the possible opportunities for civics and ethical education in promoting
democratic culture?
2. How civics and ethical education is helps to avoid negative attitude towards democratic
culture?
3. How do you feel lack of awareness of community for the development of democratic
culture?
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