#∙(&'#) #∙(&'#) )'!

𝜋#! ~𝒩 &𝜋, ( ) ; 𝜋#! ~𝒩 &𝜋, ( ∙( )

! ! )'&

* * )'!
𝜇̂ ! ~𝒩 -𝜇, . ; 𝜋#! ~𝒩 &𝜇, ∙ ( )
√! √! )'&

# -)
- ∙(&'# # -)
- ∙(&'# )'!
𝑙, = 𝜋# − 𝑒̂ 𝑙, = 𝜋# − 𝑍! ∙ ( ; 𝑙, = 𝜋# − 𝑍! ∙ ( ∙(
" ! " ! )'&

# -)
- ∙(&'# # -)
- ∙(&'# )'!
𝑙. = 𝜋# + 𝑒̂ 𝑙. = 𝜋# + 𝑍! ∙ ( ; 𝑙. = 𝜋# + 𝑍! ∙ ( ∙(
" ! " ! )'&

*
- *
- )'!
𝑙, = 𝜇̂ − 𝑒̂ 𝑙, = 𝜇̂ − 𝑡! ∙ ; 𝑙, = 𝜇̂ − 𝑡! ∙ ∙ (
" √! " √! )'&

*
- *
- )'!
𝑙. = 𝜇̂ + 𝑒̂ 𝑙. = 𝜇̂ + 𝑡! ∙ ; 𝑙. = 𝜇̂ + 𝑡! ∙ ∙ (
" √! " √! )'&
 !
" ! #!""
𝑡 = "#$
$

𝜇̂ & − 𝜇̂ / 2𝑡 𝑡/
𝑑 = ; 𝑑 = ; 𝑟 / =
𝑠∗ :𝑛& − 𝑛/ − 2 𝑡 + 𝑣

𝑑̅ − 𝑑 ∑$ (𝑑𝑖 − 𝑑̅)#
𝑡 = ; 𝜎(!" = * %&' ; 𝑡 ~𝑡( 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑣 = 𝑛 − 1
𝜎(!" 𝑛
 𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
𝑅) + 𝑅* = ; 𝑈) + 𝑈* = 𝑛) · 𝑛*
2

𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏 (𝜌 𝜖 (𝑟% ; 𝑟& ). ≈ 1 − 𝛼

 ∑#"$!(𝑥" − 𝑥̅ )(𝑦" − 𝑦-) 𝐶𝑜𝑣 (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑆𝑦
𝛽"! ≡ 𝑏! = # = = 𝑟&'
∑"$!(𝑥" − 𝑥̅ ) % 𝑆&% 𝑆𝑥

𝛽"( ≡ 𝑏( = 𝑦- − 𝛽"! 𝑥̅

𝛽"( ± 𝑡);+ · 𝐸𝐸9𝛽"( :

%
𝛽"! ± 𝑡); +/% · 𝐸𝐸9𝛽"! :
donde

1 𝑥̅ @ 𝑠?
𝐸𝐸"𝛽$> % = 𝑠? ( + B ; 𝐸𝐸"𝛽$D % =
𝑛 ∑ (
ACD 𝑥A − 𝑥̅ )@ B
4∑ACD(𝑥A − 𝑥̅ )@

B
1
𝑠? = 5 7(𝑦A − 𝑦9A )@ 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑦9A = 𝛽$> + 𝛽$D 𝑥A
𝑛−2
ACD

𝛽$>
𝐻> : 𝛽> = 0 ; 𝑡 =
𝐸𝐸"𝛽$> %
𝛽$D
𝐻> : 𝛽D = 0 ; 𝑡 =
𝐸𝐸"𝛽$D %

𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑧 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑜 (𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑦 𝑚ú𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒)

∑B (𝑦9A − 𝑦B)@ ∑BACD(𝑦9A − 𝑦B)@ /𝑘
𝐹 = B ACD ; 𝐹 =
∑ACD(𝑦A − 𝑦9A )@ /(𝑛 − 2) ∑BACD(𝑦A − 𝑦9A )@ /(𝑛 − 𝑘 − 1)

𝐹 ↳ 𝐹D;BE@ ; 𝐹 ↳ 𝐹F;BEFED

∑BACD(𝑦9A − 𝑦B)@
𝑅@ = @
= 𝑟GH
∑BACD(𝑦A − 𝑦B)@
(1 − 𝑅 @ )𝑘
𝑅I@ = 𝑅@ −
𝑛−𝑘−1

𝑦9A ± 𝑡J; K/@ × 𝑠? × 4ℎA

𝑦9A ± 𝑡J; K/@ × 𝑠? × 41 + ℎA

1 (𝑥A − 𝑥̅ )@
ℎA = + B
𝑛 ∑ACD(𝑥A − 𝑥̅ )@