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Project Based Learning Report

Dhole Patil College of Engineering, Pune

Department of First Year Engineering

(Sem-2 2022-2023 Project Report)

Automatic Laser Security Alarm System

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of technology

Team Members

Students Name Student ID

1.Saurabh Nikam F190600255

2.Kaustubh Gurade F190600125

3.Aaweez Khan F190600191

4.Tushar Malangner F190600219

Under the guidance of: Prof.Aniruddha Nirmal

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. SAURABH NIGAM , Mr. KAUSTUBH GURADE, Mr.
AWEEZ KHAN andd Mr. TUSHAR MALANGNER of First Year Engineering
had successfully completed the work associated with PROJECT BASED
LEARNING title as 'AUTOMATIC LASER SECURITY ALARM SYSTEM 'and
has submitted the report under guidance of Prof. ANIDRUDDHA NIRMAL, in
the partial fulfillment of First Year Bachelor of Engineering of Savitribai Phule
Pune University.

DATE:

PLACE:

PROF.ANIRUDDHA NIRMAL PROF.OMKAR GANGATIRE. PROF.SANDEEP KALE

GUIDANCE COORDINATOR H.O.D

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This is a great pleasure and immense satisfaction to

express my deepest sense of Gratitude, thanks to
everyone who has directly or indirectly helped us in
completing our Project work successfully. I express my
gratitude towards my mentor Prof. Anidruddha Nirmal sir
and HOD prof. Sandeep Kale sir who guided and
encouraged us in completing the project work in
scheduled time. I would like to Thank our Coordinator
Prof. Omkar Gangatire sir for allowing us to provide us
to pursue the project in this Institute.
 Table of Contents

Aim and objective

1)Introduction
1.1World’s theft rate………………………………………………………………………….
1.2India’s crime rates-robery, theft, bulgary,dacoity…………………………………...
1.3project needs………………………………………………………………………………
1.4 Analysis on theft rate in India………………………………………………………….

2)Automated Laser Security System design

2.1project circuit diagram………………………………………………………………….
2.2 Components and working of circuit…………………………………………………
2.3 Application of project………………………………………………………………….

3)project management
3.1project planning…………………………………………………………………………
3.2contribution of team members……………………………………………………….
3.3outcome and challenges………………………………………………………………
3.4project bills and budget……………………………………………………………….

4)Bibliography
4.1Books and references…………………………………………………………………
4.2Links of images used and data provided………………………………………….

Aim and Objective

● We will construct a model of a secure home with an automated laser
security alarm safety system.
● We will explain the uses of automated laser security alarm system
● We will demonstrate the working and principle of the automated laser
security alarm system
 INTRODUCTION

As per National Crime Records Bureau of India (NCRB) over 500 burglar, robbery, house
breaking takes place every day. That is at least 1.8 lakhs each year. The theft rate in India is
43 per 1,00,000 people. 2065 crores of stolen property was reported in the year of 2017.
The theft rate in india is increasing abruptly, so we require to protect ourselves from such
incidenses and thus be introduce you the AUTOMATIC LASER SECURITY ALARM
SYSTEM (ALSAS). It is a uncomplicated circuit consisting of a LDR-TRNANSISTOR unit
which produces sound and emit light when the laser is entrupted

According to ‘The ECONOMIC TIMES’

1)Chile
When it comes to robberies, Chile is reputed to be the most notorious nation. A nation that
has recently gained recognition for its political stability still lacks adequate safety and
security measures. According to statistics, 467.3 out of every 100,000 people are known to
have experienced some type of crime, with robbery being the most common.

2)Argentina
Argentina is one of the richest nations in the world, but it also ranks second in terms of
crime, particularly robberies. This usually targets tourists and is more common during the
summer. Over 70% of all crimes reported to security agencies in the nation are robberies
and thefts.
 Zooming to India

Property crimes in India

We have classified the following crimes as property crimes: Arson, auto theft, burglary, dacoity, other theft, and
robbery.'Other theft' indicates any type of theft that is not an auto theft

Please note that all rates are per 100,000 people. See our notes on the data.

Theft and auto theft

The charts below show the top ten cities in the country with the highest average crime rates for auto thefts and thefts other
than car thefts, from 2010 to 2014. Delhi has the highest theft rate — nearly seven times the national average. Vijaywada and
Patna follow suit, with rates more than four times the national average.
 Robberies and dacoities
Robberies are thefts when, in their occurence, the offender voluntarily causes or attempts to cause an injury or
death, according to Indian Law Cases. Cities from Maharashtra have a high averate of robberies and dacoities.
The top three cities in both crimes are from India's most prosperous state.

Orange city Nagpur tops the list of robberies. Aurangabad has had the highest average rate of dacoities from
2010 to 2014. According to the lastest recorded data i.e. 2014, Nagpur's robbery rate was more than six times
the national average. Aurangabad and Pune are second and third on this list.
Arson
Rate of arson as a crime have been on the lower side as compared to other property crimes in India. Two of the
top three cities are from Chhattisgarh — Raipur and Durg-Bhilainagar.

Notes about the data

Here is how the crimes have been defined.

Robbery: Robbery is a form of theft in which the offender, during the act, causes, or attempts
to cause, death or injury to the victim, according to Indian Law Cases.

Dacoity: When five or more people commit robbery, it is considered a dacoity, according to
Indian Law Cases. Here is an example of dacoity case.

Arson: The National Crime Records Bureau has clubbed three sections of the Indian Penal
Code under arson: 435, 436, and 438. These deal with committing mischief with fire or
explosive with intent to cause damage either to a house or other property.
Circuit Diagram
 Theory

This system for security uses the combination of LASER light and LDR. The
LDR module has an onboard potentiometer to adjust the sensitivity of LDR, so
that it only senses laser light falling onto it. The concept is quite simple and
similar to what we see in movies where antique, priceless ornaments are
protected under laser lights. As someone crosses these lights, an alarm runs
on to indicate unauthorised presence. This project works similarly.

In normal conditions, where there is always laser light falling on the LDR, the
LDR module always gives a high signal to microcontroller. When someone
crosses this laser light, it will behave as an obstruction between the LDR
module and laser light, resulting in no light falling on LDR. In such cases LDR
module gives a low signal to the microcontroller, which indicates it to switch on
an alarm

Working

● This circuit is based on LDR(Light Dependent Resistor),a variable

resistor in which the resistance varies according to the light
intensity falling on it.
● When a person makes a blocks to the continuously flow of LASER
beam
● While resistance increases voltage drop also increases when this
voltage drop exceeds cut in voltage of silicon NPN
transistor(2N7000) it will turn ON.
● Then current from vice starts flowing to ground via the buzzer and
transistor, which makes the beep sound
● The beep sound from the security alarm gives the indication of
some security failures
 COMPONENTS REQUIRED

LED flasher circuit

Water level indicator
Sensor-based circuits
Audio Preamp circuitsBC-547 NPN Transistor

Applications of BC547 transistor include the following.

This BC547 transistor is used general-purpose, widely used and it

is used as an alternative as well as a substitute to different kinds of
transistors. Thus, it can use in different electronic circuits
The utmost transition frequency of BC547 is 300MHz so that it will
perform well within RF circuits.
Amplification of current
Audio Amplifiers
Switching Loads < 100mA
Transistor Darlington Pairs
Drivers like an LED driver, Relay Driver, etc.
Amplifiers like Audio, signal, etc..
Darlington pair
Quick switching
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
These transistors are used to build various electrical and electronic
circuits which include the following.
Alarm circuits

RF Circuits
Touch-sensitive switch circuit
Heat sensor circuit
Moisture sensitive alarm
Latch circuit
Street light circuit
Relay driver based on one channel
Indication of volume level

2.2k ohm Resistor

resistor, electrical component that opposes the flow of either direct

or alternating current, employed to protect, operate, or control the
circuit. Voltages can be divided with the use of resistors, and in
combination with other components resistors can be used to make
electrical waves into shapes most suited for the electrical
designer’s requirements. Resistors can have a fixed value of
resistance, or they can be made variable or adjustable within a
certain range, in which case they may be called rheostats, or
potentiometers.
 3

Light dependent resistor {LDR}

Photoresistors, also known as light dependent resistors (LDR), are

light sensitive devices most often used to indicate the presence or
absence of light, or to measure the light intensity. In the dark, their
resistance is very high, sometimes up to 1 MΩ, but when the LDR
sensor is exposed to light, the resistance drops dramatically, even down
to a few ohms, depending on the light intensity. LDRs have a sensitivity
that varies with the wavelength of the light applied and are nonlinear
devices. They are used in many applications, but this light sensing
function is often performed by other devices such as photodiodes and
phototransistors. Some countries have banned LDRs made of lead or
cadmium over environmental safety concerns.

Light emitting diode{LED}

LEDs operate by electroluminescence, a phenomenon in which the

emission of photons is caused by electronic excitation of a
 material. The material used most often in LEDs is gallium
arsenide, though there are many variations on this basic
compound, such as aluminum gallium arsenide or aluminum
gallium indium phosphide.
Any LED can be used as a light source for a short-range fibre-optic
transmission system—that is, over a distance of less than 100
metres (330 feet)

Buzzer

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical,

electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers
and beepers include alarm devices, timers, train and confirmation of user input
such as a mouse click or keystroke.
 Application :-
A laser security alarm is a system designed to detect intrusion –
unauthorized entry – into a building or area. They are also called security
alarms, security systems, alarm systems, intrusion detection systems,
perimeter detection systems, and similar terms.

Burglar alarms are used in residential, commercial, industrial, and

military properties for protection against burglary (theft) or property
damage, as well as personal protection against intruders. Car alarms
likewise protect vehicles and their contents. Prisons also use security
systems for control of inmates.

Some alarm systems serve a single purpose of burglary protection;

combination systems provide both fire and intrusion protection. Intrusion
alarm systems may also be combined with closed-circuit television
surveillance systems to automatically record the activities of intruders,
and may interface to access control systems for electrically locked
doors. Systems range from small, self-contained noisemakers, to
complicated, multi-area systems with computer monitoring and control.

Conclusion
Laser security systems are a high tech technology that used to be a part
of home security only available to the wealthy. It manually switch
dependent sensors and a basic alarm unit. Laser security system a
person moves in front of the sensor, that person triggers the system’s
alarm by cutting the laser. And the alarm signals the security monitoring
company and local law enforcement. The basic alarm unit will also
sound a loud alarm. Both analysis and experiment indicate that rather
stringent requirements must be met in order to obtain efficient optical
heterodyne detection. At some wavelengths it may provide the only
means of overcoming noise and detect noise problems. The operation of
LDR depends upon the photoconductivity process.
 Project Management
Project plan

Task and Team Input Dates % of work

Responsibilities Completion

1)Group selection ALL 27/05/2023 100%

and assigning group
leader

2)Topic selection ALL 29/05/2023 100%

and discussion on
idea

3)Discussion with ALL 29/05/2023 100%

the advisor for the
selected topic and
preparing plan for
execution

4)Distribution of ALL 30/05/2023 100%

roles and discussion
on budget for project

5)Researching the ALL 30/05/2023 100%

planned project and
executing the
researched plan

6)Designing and ALL 30/05/2023 100%

preparing the
planned project

7)Creating PPT and ALL 30/05/2023 100%

documents required
for the project with
proper planned next
steps

8)Evaluation of ALL 30/05/2023 100%

project and planning
next steps for
upgradation

9)Reviewing the ALL 1/06/2023 100%

documentation from
all members and
advisor
 Contribution of team members

Task Sourabh Kaustubh Aaweez Tushar Mali Total task

Nikam Gurade Khan completion(
in %)

1)Researchi 30% 30% 20% 20% 100%

ng and
gathering
components

2)Designing 25% 40% 25% 10% 100%

and
constructing
project

3)Presentati 30% 25% 25% 20% 100%

on on project

4)Document 40% 30% 25% 5% 100%

ation and
presentation
of project

Project Outcomes and Challenges

Outcomes
● Constructed a model of an Automated laser system for home safety.
● Developed critical thinking, Analytical skills and problem-solving skills with
documentation and presentation of projects.
● Public speaking skills got developed with the presentation.
● Learned to confine researched data into simpler form with the presentation.

Challenges
● The challenges faced by team members are as follows:-
○ Finalising project
○ Budget plan
○ Constructing model house with proper length, height and width
○ Dividing roles for presentation
● Time Management issues
● Late execution of plan
● Late minute rush on implementing the projects and its documentation and
presentation.
 Project Bills of Material and Budget

Components required Price(in Rs.)

BC-547 NPN Transistor 10

2k ohm Resistor 10

Light dependent resistor {LDR} 10

Light emitting diode{LED} 10

Buzzer 50

Bibliography
● National Crime Records Bureau of India (NCRB)
● The ‘Economic Times’
● Armormax
● GitHub- https://crime-in-india.github.io/property-crimes/
● WWW.Britannica.com
● www.wikipedia.com
● www.encyclopedia.com
● www.sciencejournals.com
● www.zetascience.com
● www.scribd.com
● www.makezine.com
● www.electroschematics.com
● www.easycircuits.com
● www.youtube.com www.howcast.com