CHAPTER -6
TISSUES
Prepared by
JOSHI
SVM
CHEEMA
TISSUE - Definition
• A group of cells having similar shape and
function act together to perform a specific
function is known as a tissue.
Types of Plant tissue -
MERISTEMATIC TISSUE
• Occurrence - Growing regions of plant (root, shoot,
etc)
• Shape - Spherical, Oval or rectangular
• Intercellular Spaces are absent.
• Vacuoles absent
• Active cells
• Cytoplasm - dense
• Cell wall - cellulose
• Nucleus - Prominent
• Cell division
Types of
Meristematic
tissues
1) Apical meristem
2) Intercalary meristem
3) Lateral meristem
Types of Meristsmatic tissue
a) Apical meristem
• Present at shoot and root apex.
• Increases length and root of stem.
• b) Lateral meristem
• Present beneath the bark
• Increases girth of root or stem.
• c) Intercalary meristem
• Present at the base of leaves or internodes.
• Increases length of leaf and internodes.
Plant tissue types-
Permanent Tissue
• Cell lose the ability to divide.
• Take up a specific role.
• Thus, are permanent.
• Differentiation:- process of taking up a
permanent shape, size, and a function.
• Structure - Large central Vacuole, cell wall is
thin/thick.
• Functions- Protection, support, Storage,
Photosynthesis
Simple Permanent Tissue
•Cells are structurally
and functionally similar
ie, one type of cells.
Types of Simple permanent tissue-
Parenchyma Tissue
• Occurrence - Stem, roots, flowers,leaves,fruits
• Cell structure - Thin cell wall, Round polygonal or
elongated in shape.
• Intercellular Spaces are present.
• Functions - Food storage tissue.
• In some cases it contains chlorophyll, thus called
chlorenchyma.
• When loosely packed Intercellular Spaces are present,
called Aerenchyma.
• Aerenchyma provides buoyancy to part and help them
to float.
Parenchyma fig.
Types of simple permanent tissue-
Collenchyma
• Occurrence - In leaf stalk and stem of dicots.
• Structure of cells - living, elongated, irregularly
thickened at the corners, very little Intercellular
space.
• Functions - Mechanical tissue, Provides
mechanical strength, Provides flexibility
• Allowed bending of parts. Eg:- Tendrils and
stems of climbers.
Types of simple permanent tissue-
Sclerenchyma
• Occurrence- - stems,around vascular bundles,
in the veins of leaves and in the hard covering
of seeds and nuts.
• Cell structure -dead cells, They are long and
narrow as the walls are thickened due to lignin,
no internal space inside the cell.
• Functions. It is the tissue which makes the
plant hard and stiff.
• It provides strength to the plant parts.
Types of Plant tissue -
Protective Tissue
1) Epidermis
2) Cork
PROTECTIVE TISSUE-
Epidermis
• Structure
• Made of single layer of cells.
• Cells are elongated, flat.
• No Intercellular spaces.
• Occurrence
• Outermost layer of all the plant parts.
• Eg:- Leaves, flowers, stems and roots.
PROTECTIVE TISSUE-
Epidermis
• Functions.
• Protects all parts of plants.
• Plants of dry habits have thicker Epidermis.
• Prevents water loss.
• Epidermal cells on the aerial parts of plants secrete
waxy secretions.
• Waxy secretions prevent - Water loss, injury,fungal
infection.
• Plants growing in desert have cuticle.
• Layer of cutin is called cuticle.
• Cutin is waxy material and water resistant.
Epidermis - Functions
• Epidermal cells of the roots form hair like
structure.
• Long hair like parts increases absorption
surface area of roots.
• In leaves Epidermal cells form stomata.
• Stomata are guarded by guard cells.
• Guard cells are kidney shaped.
• Guard cells regulate gaseous exchange.
Types of Protective tissue -
Cork
• Structure
• External Protection, Dead, Compactly arranged cells,
Intercellular spaces absent.
• Walls have Suberin.
• Occurrence
• Substitute epidermal cells in mature shoots and roots.
• Functions:-
• Protection to mature roots and shoots.
• Suberin regulates gaseous exchange and water
passage.
Types of Plant tissue -
Complex Permanent Tissue
• Made up of more than one type of cells.
• Cells coordinate to perform common function.
• Functions
• Transport Water, minerals and food materials.
• Types
• XYLEM
• PHLOEM
• Xylem and phloem together known as Vascular
tissue.
XYLEM
• Conducting tissue.
• Conducts water and minerals from roots to shoot.
• Xylem consists of tracheids, vessels, Xylem
parenchyma and xylem fibres.
• Tracheids and vessels have thick walls, and are
tubular structures. This allows them to transport
water and minerals vertically.
• The parenchyma stores food.
• Xylem fibres are mainly supportive in function.
PHLOEM
• Phloem transports food from leaves to other
parts of the plant.
• Phloem is made up of five types of cells:
sieve cells, sieve tubes, companion cells,
phloem fibres and the phloem parenchyma.
