STANDARD SPECIFICATION NO. 40A6 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE TANKS KUWAIT NATIONAL PETROLEUM COMPANY (K.S.C.)Page 2 Rev. 0 Date: Mar 6, 1984 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE TANKS KNPC ENG STD 40A6 CONTENTS PAGE 1 GENERAL 4 1.1 Scope 4 1.2 Submittals 4 1-3 Supports 8 2 Lops 3 2.1 Dead Load 5 2.2 5 2.3 6 24 6 2.5 7 2.6 Earthguske Loads 8 2.7 Test Load a 2.8 Loads From other Sources 8 2.9 Combined Loads 8 2.10 Local Loads 8 3 - DESIGN CRITERIA aa 3.1 Lateral Forces a 3.2 Uplift lL 3.3 Anchor Bolts 12 3.4 Settlement 12 3.5 Friction 12 3-6 Bearing on Concrete 13 3.7 Bearing on Earthfill Foundations 13 4 LADDERS, PLATFORMS AND STAIRS 13 4.1 Ladder and Platform Supplier 13 4.2 Fabrication and Erection 4 4.3 Materials 4 4.4 Welding 14 4.5 Drawings 5Page 3 3 Mar 6, 1984 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS ‘OR STORAGE TANKS KNPC ENG STD 40A6 CONTENTS Continuea PAGE 4.6 Clearance Requirements 1s 4.7 Fixed Ladders and Floating Roof Ladders 15 4.8 stairs 16 4.9 Standard Railings 16 +10 Rectangular Platforms 17 4.11 Shop Assembly 17 4.12 Connections 17 4.13 Bolts 17 4.14 Shop Painting 18 4.15 Finish 18 PIGURE 1 19 PLATE 6 20 FIGURE 2 aL PLATE 13 22STRUCTURAL LREMENTS FOR STORAGE TANKS I GENERAL lal 12 Scope ay (2) (3) “ Page 4 Rev. 0 Dater Mar 6, 1984 KNPC ENG STD 40A6 This specification supplements other specifications for above ground, vertical, cylindrical tanks with fully supported bottoms. Tt gives loads and load combinations. It also gives design criteria for anchor bolting, concrete and soil bearing, ladders and platforns. The requirements in this specification are in addition to any codes or standards ref by the tank specification. Where this acification and any referenced code or standard conflict the more severe shall govern. All references to ASTM Standards imply the latest revision Wherever the name KNPC is used in this specification, it shall mean Kuwait National Petroleum Co. or its authorized representative. Submittals a) (2) Section 4.5 of this specification outlines the drawing and submittal procedures for ladder, platforms, stairs and railings. Refer to the tank specification for other submittal requirements. Vendor's documentation, drawings, data, etc. shall be in English and basically in the Imperial units. Use U.S. gallons for liquia volume measure. Fabrication of equipment in the Metric system is acceptable provided that the dimensions on the drawings are in Imperial Units, followed by the Metric equivalent enclosed in brackets.Page 5 Rev. 0 Date: Mar 6, 1984 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE TANKS KNPC ENG STD 40A6 1.3. Supports Field-fabricated tanks shall be erected on foundations or supporte furnished by the tank Vendor. These shall be of the type indicated on the tank data sheet. Alternative foundation types or details required or suggested by the Vendor shall be noted by the Vendor in hia quotation. 2.1 Dead Load (1) Dead load is the weight of the tank, its internals, platforms, stairways, insulation, fireproofing and other permanent attachments. For design, following dead loads shall be assumed. a A six foot by nine foot gauger's platform weighing 25 pounds per square foot located at the edge of the tank roof. b A two foot six inch wide circumferential stairway, sloped 45 at the tank shell, using Vendor's design weights: (2) Where the data sheets indicate insulation, th installed dead waisht 1s calculated using the Vendor's design weights. Where insulation is by others, assume a dead weight of 0.75 pounds Per square foot per inch of insulation thickn 2.2 Live Load (1) Live load is the load produced by personnel, movable equipment, tools, and other items that may be placed on, but are not permanently attached to the tank or its appurtenances. (2) Assume a roof live load of 25 pounds per square foot of projected roof arSTRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE TANKS R_STO! 262 2.3 KS Page 6 Rev. 0 Date: Mar 6, 1984 KNPC ENG STD 40A6 Live Load Continued (3) Platform flooring and framing shall be designed for a minimum live load of 75 psf, or a moving airways use 100 psf or 1000 pounds concentrated load, and for ladders use a concentrated live load of 300 pounds at center of rung. Ladder, platform, and stairway live loads shall be used for the design of their framing and their attachment to the tank shell, and for the local loads in the tank shell or roof caused by their attachment. They need not be included in the overall shell design unless so specified in the tank specification. Handrail, including its connections, shall be designed to resist a concentrated load of 200 pounds applied at any point acting in any airection. Operating Load Operating load is the weight of the fluid content: Internal Pre: qa) ure As required by the tank specification, the tank thicknes must be adequate to re effects of internal pressure. used to compute this sources are (a) the hydrostatic head due to the operating weight of the stored fluid, and (b) the design internal pressure of the tank if it is to resist a positive vapor pressure. Design provisions which account for the hydrostatic head of stored fluid are given in the tank specification or its referenced standards. ‘The values given for d internal pressure on the tank data i represent only the positive vapor pressure.Page 7 Rev. 0 Date: Mar 6, 1984 STRUCTURAL FEGULRENENTS FOR STORAGE KNeC ENG STD 40A6 2.4 Internal Pressure Continued (2) When calculating longitudinal (vertical) shell str tension on anchor bolts, or upwara pressures on the roof, use only the design internal pressure due to positive vapor Pressure. The effecte of thie design internal Pressure shall be added to stre caused by other loads, but shall not be qgsumed to reduce str Yor example, the effects of design internal pressure shall be added to longitudinal shell tension stresses but shall be neglected when calculating longitudinal and/or hoop shell compression atresses. 2.5 Wind Loads Wind loads ahall be determined by using the design wind pressures in the table below. When investigating the overall effects of wind pressure, including wind base shear and overturning moment, the Pressures shall be applied to the total equivalent projected area of the tank shell. DESIGN WIND PRESSURE, PSP ROLLED* HEIGHT ZONE CYLINDRICAL ‘TANKS Prees* SHAPES ABOVE GRADE AND OPEN FEET n/a = 2 b/d = 7 OD<6in _0D>6in _ PRAMES o- 30 13 16 32 18 52 30 - 50 18 2 43 25 na 50 ~ 100 a 25 49 29 a2 100 - 150 23 28 55 32 92 In this table, h = height of the tank ia feet and 4 = diameter of the tank shell in feet, excluding attachwents. When h/d is less than 1, use the design wind pressure for h/a™ 1, When h/a ie 7, use interpolation to obtain a design wind pr “These design pressures are listed for the design of local - structures such tanks, 8 platforms and stairs, not for the design ofPage 8 Rev. 0 Date: Mar 6, 1984 STRUCTURAL, TREMENTS For STORE TS KNPC ENG STD 40A6 2.6 2.9 2.10 Barthquake Loads Earthquake loads need not be considered. Test Load The test load includes the weight of water required to fill the tank to its design test level. ‘The design test level is given in the tank specification or its referenced standards. If not given, complete filling with water shall be assumed. The teat load condition also includes the hydrostatic head due to the test liguid and the test pressure if the tank is to be designed for a positive vapor pressure. The test pressure and the allowable stress for the teat condition load combination are given in the tank specification or its referenced standards. Loads From Other Sourc KNPC will identify in the tank specification any additional loada which must be included in the tank design. The magnitude, point of application, direction, and nature of the load will be given. Combined Loads The tank, including shell, roof, and bottom, shall be designed for the load combinations set forth in Table A on the following pages. Local Loads The transfer of some external loads into the tank h nozzles or brackets can result in local es- KNPC will supply the Vendor with such local forces except those imposed by the Vendor. ‘The Vendor shall be responsible to design the tank for these forces.TABLE AL Loadin Bape) mapty Worma! Operation (6) (7) With Wind Operation. With Wind Test DEAD Tank Include Include Incluae Include Include Internals Include Include Include Include Include(3) Platforms Include Include Include Include Include(3) Stairways Include Include Include Include IncLude(3) Insulation Include Include Include Tnelude Include(3) Fireproofing Include Include Include Include TneLude(3) Other Include Include Include Include Include(3) permanent attachmenta(1) LIVE Tank Roof - - Include - Modified (4) Platforas - - Include - Modified(4) OPERATING - - Include Include - INTERNAL Include(5) Include(5) Include(5) Include(5) = (8) “PRESSURE { wIND - Include - Include Modified wind (2) TEST - o a S Include (8) orueR Include Include Include Include Include ‘SOURCES Tif applicable) [OLS _WOa iz SINaHTUINOTE TwinLoness 9YO Gis ona OaNy 103%q v86T ‘9 22H ol °TABLE A Continued NOTE: (1) Include 2% of total dead load as contingency only if it causes more severe design conditions. (2) This shall be based on site location but is generally 25% of maximum design wind loading in PSF converted to its force equivalent. (3) These loads shall be included only if in place during the preeent or future test condition. {4) 508 of the platform live load included only for the test condition. (5) When calculating longitudinal shell stresses, upward pressure on the tank roof, or tension in anchor bolts, the effect of the design internal pressure which accounts for vapor pressure should be included or neglected as described in Section 2.4 of this specification. (6) If a tank does not have a positive vapor pressure, it may be assumed that this load condition does not govern. (7) This load case is required only if there is an increase in allowable stresses for the tank shell and anchor bolt chairs (if needed) for the load case "Empty with Wind". (8) Refer to section 2.7 of thia specification for test pressur. SURV aOWuOIS Oa SINENAUINOIN TwUNLONULS 9¥OP GLE Na Daky r09eq 0 taey OT o6va y86T ‘9 20HPage 11 Rev. 0 Date: Mar 6, 1984 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE TANKS KNPC ENG STD 406 3° DESIGN CRITERIA 3.1 Lateral Forces Design for wind shall include consideration of the longitudinal (vertical) shell stresses (both tension and compression) resulting from the lateral wind forces acting in combination with all other applicable loads. 3.2 Uplift Uplift of a tank can be developed from two possible source One is the overturning moment caused by lateral wind force. The other is the design internal Pressure. In either case, if the dead load of the tank is not sufficient, there will be a net uplift at the bottom of at least a part of the tank shell. Such net uplift must be resisted by anchor bolts or other mechanical anchorage. For design purposes, the anchor bolt force P in pounds per bolt can be aM Pp Dy? W Ps w+ ist NDpy 4y x where M = Overturning moment, ft~1b, Dy = Diameter of bolt circle, ft, Dy = Inside diameter of tank, ft, N = Total number of ‘anchor bolts psf, Pp = Design internal pressur W = Dead weight of the tank wall and that portion of the roof which is carried by the wall, lbs. The anchor bolts shall be spaced no farther apart than 10 feet. The tank shell shall be designed accordingly.‘STORAGE. STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE TANKS DIAMETER INCHES WRENNHHEE 3.3 us 3/4 1/4 1/2 3/4 364 Page 12 Rev. 0 Date: Mar 6, 1984 KNPC ENG STD 406 Anchor Bolts Anchor bolts shall conform to ASTM A36. When they are provided to resist forces at the tank/foundation interface, the following criteria shall be used, Tension and shear forces on anchor bolts shall not exceed the allowable vaiues given below. No incre: in these allowable forces is permitted for load combinations which include wind. Allowable tension forces are based upon a maximum tenstke stret 17,500 psi _in the corroded tensile str bolts. Refer to the AISC Manual of Stee! Construction for the definition of tensile stre: area. A corrosion allowance of 1/8-inch on bolt diameter has been provided. ALLOWABLE TENSION ALLOWABLE SHEAR Pouwps POUNDS 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 Settlement It ie estimated that the tank may undergo a differential settlement of the magnitute of one three hundredths of the tank diameter. To include the tank foundation ringwall construction toleranc another half inch shall be added. All floating tank roofs shall be designed such that it can operate smoothly under such a tilted condition. Friction A coefficient of friction of 0.25 may be assumed at the surface between tank bottom and the foundation to resist shear. Where frictional shear resistance is’ inadequate, this entire applied base shear must be resisted by anchor bolts or other mechanical means.STRUCTURAL Page 13 Rev. 0 Dater Mar 6, 1984 IREMENTS, FOR STORAGE TANKS KNPC ENG STD 40A6 3.6 3.7 Bearing On Concrete Bottom plates, including column base plates, shal) be Proportioned so that maximum stress on foundation concrete will not exceed 1000 psi for gravity loads or 1300 pai for gravity plus wind. Bearing On Earth Fill Foundation The tank, including bottom plates and column bases, if any, shall be proportioned so that maximum soil loads will not exceed pef (later) for gravity loads, and psf (later) for gravity plus wind. 4 LADDERS, PLATFORMS AND STAIRS 42 Ladder, Platform And Stair Supplier (1) Ladders, platforms and circumferential stairs shall be supplied by the tank Vendor. He shall aleo supply the whole or a part of any non-circumferential stairs which are completely supported by the tank. Off-tank stairs which have one end attached to the tank shall be supplied by others; and for such stairs, the tank Vendor shall provide support clips on the tank. (2) ALL support clips for ladders, platforms, stairs, etc attached to the tank are to be provided by the tank Vendor. KNPC will furnish drawings showing the extent and locations of any ladders, platforms, stairs, etc and their support clips on the tank. Clip location may i changing to avoid interferenc. ‘The tank of the clip to nk and may provide a deeper clip if ary to provide longer weld length to limit stresses in the tank shell. The tank Vendor shall send such changes to KNPC. Any changes the tank Vendor makes to the clips from those detailed by KNPC shall not require changes to the ladder, brackets or other attachnentsPage 14 Rev. 0 Date: Mar 6, 1984 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS K 7 _TANKS 4.2 KNPC ENG STD 4006 Pabrication And Erection (1) Drawings, fabrication, structural steel shall accord with the AIsc Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings, and the AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges. (2) Atmospheric pressure storage tanks shall be fabricated, erected and tested in accordance with American Petroleum Institute Standard Number 650. (3) Low pressure storage tanks shall be designed, fabricated, erected and tested in accordance with American Petroleum Institute Standard Number 620. Materials Structural steel for ladders, platforms, railings, and stairs, shall be new and shall conform to ASTM A36, or approved equal. High-strength steel bolts, nuts, and washer shall conform to ASTM A325. All other structural bolts and nuts shall conform to ASTM A307, Bolts shall be regular emifinished hexagon series with heavy semifinished hexagon series nuts, both conforming to ANSI B18.2. The chemical and mechanical properties of nuts shall conform to ASTM A563. Welding Welding not covered by the tank specification shall conform to the American Welding Society structural Welding Code, Dl.1.Page 15 Rev. 0 Date: Mar 6, 1984 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE TANKS KNPC ENG STD 406 4.5 47 Drawings KNPC will furnish orientation sketches showing the configuration of the tanks and the required ladde: platforms, stairs, and railings. The Vendor shail perform the detail design work, make the erection drawings, and submit the drawings to KNPC for review. ‘The required number of copies will be. specified in the equipment specification. The KNPC review is to jure the correct interpretation of the work to be done and does not relieve the Vendor of the responsibility for the accuracy of the drawings. Erection drawings shall show all information ary for erection of the steel work, including ze and location of all field welds. Clearance Requirements otherwise shown on drawings or outline sketches furnished by KNPC to the Vendor, the following minimum clearance requirements shall be observed in laying out ladders, platforms, stairs, and railing. Stairway and floating roof ladder width 2 feet 6 inch Walkway width 2 feet 6 inch Headroom over stairs 7 feet 0 inch Fixed Ladders And Floating Roof Ladders Each tank 20'-0" high or less shall be provided with uncaged fixed ladder to the roof. Safety bars as shown on Plate 13 shall be installed across all ladder openings at tank roofs or working platforms. Floating roof ladders shall be the rolling type with either fixed runs or self-leveling treads, and 34 inch high handrails. ‘To permit expansion and accommodate settlement, ladders attached to tank walls shall be supported by pinned brackets near the top of the ladder. ‘They shall not be grade supported but shall be linkage or roller supported against the tank wall near the lower end of the ladder. Manufacturer's standard ladder and support details - may be used if acceptable to KNPC.Page 16 Rev. 0 Date: Mar 6, 1984 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE TANKS KNPC ENG STD 40A6 4.8 Stairs (1) Tanks over 20-0" high shall be provided with spiral type stairs rising at a 45 angi Circumferential stairs of manufacturer's standard details may be used if acceptable to KNPC. The treads for circumferential stairs shall be galvanized grating, or a KNPC approvea equivalent. Tank circumferential stairways shall be the stringerless type, except stringer type circumferential stairways shall be used for tanks with insulated shells or Appendix G tanks (API Std 650). Provide nonskid nosings on all stair treads. The maximum rise for a ingle unbroken flight of stairs shall be 36 feet, and a landing platform shall be provided at the top. (2) Standard stairs (non-circumferential) shall be detailed and fabricated to conform with the typical details shown on Plate 6 of thie specification. Where possible the standard stairs shall slope 9 vertical to 12 horizontal with 7 1/2 inch risers and 10 inch treads. Where necessary in order to hold the 9 to 12 slope, the risers may be changed to any value between 7 1/4 and 7 3/4 inches. If this will not achieve a uniform riser for the run of stairs, change the slope. ‘The sum of the ris and the tread dimensions shall equal 17 1/2 inches plus or minus 5/8 inch. The maximum rise for a single unbroken flight of ataire shall be 16 feet. 4.9 Standard Railing Railinge shall be detailed and shop fabricated to conform with the typical details shown in Figure 1 of this specification. Railings for circumferential stairs may be detailed according to the tank manufacturer's standard details if acceptable to KNPC.Page 17 Rev. 0 Date Mar 6, 1984 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE TANKS KNPC ENG STD 40A6 4.10 4.12 4.13 Rectangular Platforms Rectangular platforms including stair landings, where required, shall be designed in a manner consistent with the details shown on Figure 2 of this specification. Flooring shall be open-type galvanize grating. Grating shall be of the pressure-locked or welded type, not bolted or riveted. Grating shall be a minimum of 1 1/4 inch x 3/16-inch bearing bars spaced on 1-3/16~inch centers, with cross bars spaced on 4-inch centers and complete banding to avoid dovetailing of grating not bounded by the plates or structural steel. Provision for expansion shall be made Where computed expansion or movement between Platform supports exceeds 3/8 inch. Shop Assembly All railing, ladders, platforms including floor grating, and stairs shall be assembled in sections before shipment and shipped in the largest sections suitable for erection and transportation without disassembly. Connections For ladders, platforms, and stairs, all structural steel shop connections shall be welded or bolted. All connections to be assembled or erected in the field shall be bolted. Floor grating shall be attached with galvanized grating clips as shown on Pigure 2. Bolts (1) ‘The following bolts shall be used for all bolted connections unless noted otherwise on the drawings. All nuts and bolts 3/4 inch and larger shall be high-strength ASTM A325. All high strength bolts shall be installed and tightened in accordance with the specification for structural joints using ASTM A325 or A490 bolts. All nut’ and bolts 5/8 inch and smaller shall be in accordance with ASTM A307. Bolt size shall be as follows, unless noted otherwise on the drawing. For main framing members 3/4 inch For railings and laddera 8/8 inch For ladder cages 1/2 inehPage 18 Rev. 0 Date: Mar 6, 1984 STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR STORAGE TANKS 4.13 KNPC ENG STD 40A6 Bolts Continued (2) All bolts shall have hex heads and hex nuts. Supply 5 percent more field bolts, including erection bolts, than the computed required quantity. (3) High-strength bolts, nuts and washers conforming to ASTM A325 shall be mechanically galvanized in accordance with Class 50 of ASTM B454, A307 bolts, nuts and washer shall be galvanized as A325 bolts or they may be hot~dip galvanized in accordance with ASTM Specification A153. Retapping after mechanical galvanizing 4a not necessary. Shop Painting All structural steel surfaces shall be either painted or galvanized as specified by KNPC. Surface preparation, coating application and repair of damaged surfaces shall be done by the fabricator using qualified craftsmen in accordance with KNPC ENG STD 83A1. Finish The Vendor shall remove all burrs and sharp edges from railings, ladders, and cages.OR TYPICAL INSTALLATION GRATING ANCHORAGE USING CLiPs FIGURE TREBOARD AROUND FLOOR OPENING S1Z4 ano Locarion: PER CEsiON owes, an TucKness hg. rate Rr wane LEEVE THRU FLOORSTRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS es ea —semeus | loa SELF CLOSING HINGED BAR (por STRUCTURAL RAILING)