5/11/2017

Area Development
Planning
MINERVA C. ROSEL, uap, piep

• Site Planning and Urban Design

• Site Planning for specific uses

• Basic concepts in planning ecosystems

• Integrated area or integrated rural development

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Garden Cities • Ebenezer Howard – author of

(Howard) “Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to
Social Reform”, first conceptualized
the “Garden Cities”. These were
new cities built in the countryside
with rail access to the original city.
Garden cities would have a central
city with an optimum size of 58,000
to 65,000 in 6,000 acres of land,
with satellite cities, also connected
by rail, with am optimum size of
30,000 to 32,000 persons. The cities
would all be surrounded by large
greenbelts of agricultural land.

• The first large-scale elaboration of the City

Beautiful occurred during the World's
Columbian Exposition of 1893 in Chicago.
• The planning of the exposition was directed
by Architect Daniel Burnham, who hired
architects from the eastern United States,
as well as the sculptor Augustus Saint-
Gaudens, to build large-scale Beaux-Arts
monuments that were vaguely classical
with uniform cornice height.
• The exposition displayed a model city of
grand scale, known as the "White City",
with modern transport systems and no
poverty visible.
• The exposition is credited with resulting in City Beautiful
the large-scale adoption of
monumentalism for American architecture Movement
for the next 15 years. Richmond, Virginia's
Monument Avenue is one expression of
this initial phase. (Burnham)

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• The problem of congestion in cities and

the need for open space led to the
conceptualization of high density living
in tall structures that will take up less
space.

• Unite d’ Habitation,
Marsielles: a “super building”
The Cities of that contined 337 dwellings in
Tomorrow ten (10) acres of land.
(Le Corbusier)

The Broadacre
City (Wright)

• Frank Lloyd Wright proposed that

every family in the US live in one acre
of land, in a city complete with all
necessary amenities.
• Critics argued that there was not
enough land. This lead to his own
translation of high density living, “The
Mile High”.

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SITE PLANNING
is the allocation of functions in a piece of
land to derive efficient utilization of resources at disposal.
Useful spaces with respect to functions are being created
in the process and the character of site is accentuated

There are two methods of

establishing a SITE :
1. SITE SELECTION PROCESS
This process selects from a list of
potential sites one that suits best
the given use and requirements
of the project .

2. DEVELOPMENT SUITABILITY
PROCESS
This process selects the best
possible use and development
suited for a given site .

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SITE ANALYSIS involves the study of the site in terms of the following :

• Geology • Existing land use – ownership of adjacent property, off-

• Geomorphology – physiography,
landforms, soils, drainage,
topography and slopes, and soil
erosion
• Hydrology – surface and ground
water
• Vegetation – plant ecology
• Wildlife – habitats
• Climate – solar orientation, wind,
and humidity.
site nuisances
• Traffic and transit – vehicular and pedestrian circulation
on or adjacent to site
• Density and zoning – legal and regulatory controls
• Socio-economic factors
• Utilities – sanitary, storm-water, water supply, power
supply, and communications.
• Historic factors – historic buildings, landmarks, and
archeology
• Natural features
• Spatial patterns – spaces and sequences
• Visual Resources – views and vistas

BEARING CAPACITY FOR ROCK AND SOIL MATERIALS

Clas Material Allowable
s Bearing Value
(psf)
1 Massive crystalline bedrock, e.g. 200,000
granite, gneiss
Rock
2 Metamorphosed rock, e.g. schist, 80,000
slate
3 Sedimentary rocks, e.g. shale, 30,000
sandstone
4 Well compacted gravels and sands 20,000
5 Compact gravel, sand/gravel mixtures 12,000
6 Loose gravel, compact coarse sand 8,000
Soil
7 Loose coarse sand; loose sand/gravel 6,000
materials mixtures, compact fine sand, wet
coarse sand
8 Loose fine sand, wet fine sand 4,000
9 Stiff clay (dry) 8,000
10 Medium-stiff clay 4,000
11 Soft clay 2,000
12 Fill, organic material, or silt (fixed by field
tests)
Source: Code Manual, New York State Building Code Commission

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TOPOGRAPHY AND SLOPES

ANGLE OF REPOSE -- angle at which soil can be safely inclined
and beyond which it will fail.

7,000

6,000

Planning and Design Implications:

• Road / Lots layout
• Landscape / Agriculture
Technology

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Planning and Design Implications:

• Drainage, Flooding
• Open Space requirements
• Easements

Watershed – a geographic area of land bounded

by topographic features and height of land that
captures precipitation, filters and stores water and
drains waters to a shared destination. Knowledge
of watershed boundaries is critical to water quality
and storm water management.

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When did we start

thinking “Green”?

Climate Change Adaptation

Planning and Design Implications:
• Natural phenomenon vs. disaster
Greenhouse Gas • DRR and CCA mainstreaming
• risk + exposure = vulnerability
• Resilience

Demystifying
“Green Architecture”

Planning and Design Implications:

• Urban Heat Island
• Green House Effect
• GHG Emissions
• Carbon footprint reduction

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Low-impact
development

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Go
Tiny!

Filipino
Architecture
= RESILIENCE

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“Strength of
materials has
nothing to do with
strength of the
building”

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SPATIAL PATTERNS:

Spatial pattern is defined as the way an open space of a given site is configured
according to an arrangement of elements that evoke activity or flow, both physically
or visually

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INCLUSIVE
GROWTH

Support Local Economy

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Public Transportation

Socialized Housing

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Ask yourself:

What is a
“livable city”?

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LAND
• Legal Perspective

Any ground, soil or earth that is regarded as the subject of

ownership, and everything annexed to it whether by nature
(e.g. trees, water) or by man (e.g. buildings, crops)
extending indefinitely upwards and downwards.

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LAND
• Economic Perspective

Land is a natural resource but it can also be “manmade”.

Land may be regarded as a good or a commodity that can
be supplied to meet certain requirements for the
satisfaction of human wants

LAND
• Ecological Perspective

The natural environment and its attributes… the surface of

the earth and all its attributes. The natural attributes of
land include the macro- and micro- climate, hydrology,
geology, topography and soils, and the plan and animal
communities that live in it.

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“sense of
ownership”

STEWARDSHIP

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