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Advanced
Advanced B2
Cultural awareness: 47 Cultural values in society

Are your students interested in this topic?

Which classroom management options will you follow?
Do your students need language support for the discussions?

See the Teacher’s notes for framework 46. The option of choosing the United States as the
‘other country’ and drawing on films, TV programmes etc. is also possible in this framework.
This framework is more abstract than framework 46, and is likely to appeal to more intellectual
students or those with a higher educational level.
! "
# $ %
Get students to read the instructions and check the vocabulary in the table. (See below.)

& ' ' (

) ideas about what is important in life, principles, ways of thinking
% ) things that will happen in the future
* : believing that people cannot change events
'+ ) not being influenced by your own feelings and opinions
'+ ) being influenced by your own feelings and opinions
, ) when people try to be more successful than others
% % ) doing things your own way, without being influenced by other people
, ) succeeding in doing something difficult through your own efforts
) willing to help
: when things are shared or done by all members of the group together
) being faithful to something, supporting something
) using a logical method to think about something, especially by looking at all the parts separately
) examining the whole of something, not just parts of it

Get students to choose who to interview. If the interviews happen in class e.g. pairs
interviewing each other about countries they have worked in, allow plenty of time for this.
Finish all the interviews before moving on to individual note0writing in section 2.

If students fill in the table in section 1 based on their own experience, then the framework in section 2 is a follow0
up stage. If students do an interview in section 1, then they will complete section 2 separately, reflecting on
the interview. The personal story will be one of their own.

"
Focus attention on the grids and check the vocabulary in the headings.
Circulate while students make notes. Write down on a piece of paper any useful language needed
or produced. Write a few language items of general interest on the board at the end.
- "
Which classroom management options will you follow?
Circulate during the discussion. Make a note of good/bad language use.

A further discussion topic might be ‘How can we use this information when doing business in other
cultures?’
Students can write a short report on cultural differences in society, or a summary of what they found out
from the interview.
Consider repeating the activity in a later lesson e.g. with a classmate from (or with experience of)
another country.
Advanced
Advanced B2

! "
You are going to compare your country with another country. You can use your own experience, or interview
someone who knows about the culture of another country.
The interview could be with:
a colleague/friend/classmate who has worked in another country.
a colleague/friend/classmate who comes from another country.
Study the list of values and ways of thinking below.
Use your experience, or do the interview, to compare the two countries.
Write the first letter of the country in the appropriate place on the scales below.

People believe they make their own

destiny and can control events.

People are fatalistic and believe events

are controlled by chance or luck.

# % ,
People work one task at a time with a single focus.
Tasks are completed punctually by following plans.

People work on many tasks at the same

time. Tasks have flexible completion times.

,, )%
Communication is direct. Information exchange
is simple, clear and verbal. Indirectness is
frustrating and suspicious.

Communication is indirect. A lot of

information is unspoken but clear from the
situation. Directness is seen as aggressive.

,, )
Communication is impersonal. Facts and figures
are important. A high degree of objectivity.

Communication is personal. Relationships

are important. An emphasis on subjectivity.

% *
People are comfortable with flexible structures
and unpredictable situations. Disagreement
with authority is acceptable.

There is a high need for order and rules.

Conflict is threatening. Disagreement with
authority is rare.

. % % , % ,
The culture is competitive and individualistic.
Independence is valued. Achievement and
material success are important.

The culture is cooperative and collectivist.

Loyalty to the group is valued. The quality
of life and relationships are important.
Advanced
Advanced B2

# /
Thinking style is analytical. Problems are broken
down and each piece is treated separately.

Thinking style is holistic. A focus on the whole

picture and the way the parts are related.

"
Key differences between the two countries Values becoming similar due to globalization

Values resisting change

Differences in cultural values: a personal story

- "

0 1
A Part of Conversation Questions for the ESL Classroom.

Are you a happy person?

What is happiness for you?
What do you think is the color for happiness?
Do you think that happiness lies within you? Or does it depend upon other
people and external things?
Can money buy happiness?
Is happiness a state of mind?
What makes you feel happy?
What are the three most important things for you to be happy?
Is happiness relative, that is, does it have a different meaning for each
person?
Are single people happy?
Would you be happier with a soul mate or single?
Does having an animal/pet make you happy?
What is the effect that animals/pets have on people to make them feel happy?
What makes you happy?
When was the happiest time of your childhood?
Advanced
Advanced B2
Can you be happy if you are rich?
Can you be happy is you are poor?
How can you become happy again when you are sad?
Is happiness a goal?
How often do you feel really happy?
Are the people in your country generally very happy?
Are you very happy most of the time?
What makes you unhappy?
What's the most miserable you've been?
How happy are you compared with your friends?
Do you wake up happy every morning?
Do you agree that older people are less happy?
What is there to be happy about in the world today?
What affects your levels of happiness?
Does your happiness change during different times of the day, week, month or
year?
What is or was the happiest time of your life?
Do you need money to be happy?
What do you think of the idea of a government Happiness Minister who is
responsible for the happiness of the population?
Do you think some nations are happier than others?
What is missing in your life that would make you very happy?
Why are teenagers some of the happiest people in the world?
What was the happiest time in your entire life?
Do you feel that you have to work hard and be miserable now in order to be
happy later?

If you can think of another good question for this list, please add it.
Advanced
Advanced B2
0 ,
A Part of Conversation Questions for the ESL Classroom.

Related: Police, Corruption

Are some parts of this city considered more dangerous than others? Which
parts?
Are there any places you are afraid to visit because of the high crime rate? If
so, where?
Are there problems with drugs where you live?
Are you apprehensive about walking outside after dark?
Do you always lock your house? How about your car?
Do you believe that public executions would deter crime? If so, how?
Do you drink and drive?
Do you know anyone who has been mugged?
Do you know someone who has been a victim of a violent crime?
Do you think abortion is a crime?
Do you think gun control is a good idea? Explain.
Do you think people who use illegal drugs should be put in jail?
Do you think police TV dramas are realistic?
Do you think policeman should be allowed to carry guns?
Do you think that capital punishment is a good idea? Why or why not?
Do you think that punishment for violent crimes should be the same for
juveniles and adults? Why/why not?
Do you think that the death penalty would prevent crime in your country? Why
or why not?
Do you think that the legalization of narcotics would decrease the crime rate?
Do you think there are any legal drugs that should be illegal?
Do you think there is a link between drugs and crime?
Do you think prostitution is a crime?
Do you think there will be more or less crime in the future?
Do you think your country is a safe place to live? Why or why not?
Do you walk alone at night in your home city?
Does prison help rehabilitate criminals? Should it?
Have you ever been the victim of a crime? How about others in your family?
Have you ever done anything illegal? If so, what did you do?
Have you ever had anything stolen?
Have you ever seen a crime?
Have you ever witnessed a crime?
Have you ever stolen anything?
How can you prevent things from being stolen?
How can you avoid having things stolen from you?
If a person steals a loaf of bread because he needs to feed his starving family,
should he be punished?
Is child abuse a problem in your country?
Is drunk driving a crime where you live? If so, what is the punishment?
Is it ever O.K. to break the law? If so, when?
Is prison an effective punishment? Why or why not?
Advanced
Advanced B2
Is there a problem with organized crime and/or gangs where you live?
Is your hometown considered safe?
Under what situations would you think of committing a crime?
What are some things people can do to protect themselves from crime?
What are some things that are legal that you personally think should be
illegal?
What crimes do you think will decrease in the future?
What crimes do you think will increase in the future?
What crimes have you heard about recently in the news?
What do you think is the worst crime a person could commit? Why?
What do you think of the death penalty?
What is a gang?
What gangs exist in this country and in your home country?
What are the characteristics of these gangs?
What is the punishment for murder in your country?
What is the punishment for stealing in your country?
What kinds of crime are most common in your country? What are the penalties
for these crimes?
What kinds of crimes are increasing?
What kinds of crimes do you think can be prevented? How?
What makes some people become criminals? Is it poverty, upbringing, lack of
education, unemployment or something else?
What weapons do police carry in this country? How about your home country?
What would you do if you heard a burglar in your house?
What's your opinion about the death penalty?
Why do you think crime is more prevalent in some societies than in others?
Why is there more crime in some countries?
Why do you think people steal things?
Do you think corporal punishment is necessary?
Who decides what is and isn't a crime?
Do you think that "corporate criminals" are sufficiently punished for their
crimes?
Do you think that police dramas can teach people how serious certain actions
can be?
Is a person born as a blank page or does he have some things predetermined
like vulnerability to crime?
Should adultery be considered a crime?
Why do people commit crimes?
What can be done about gun/knife violence?
Do you think your city is a dangerous place to live in?
Do you see a lot of crime happening around you?
What kind of crime is it? Shoplifting? pickpocketing? Etc?
Have you ever witnessed a crime? If "yes" tell us about it.
Have you ever witnessed acts of vandalism?
What do you think is the main cause of vandalism?
How can we fight vandalism?
Do you think graffiti is vandalism or art?
Have you ever been robbed?
How did it happen?
Advanced
Advanced B2
Did you report to the police?
Did they help you?
Do you agree that terrorism is the evil of the 21st century?
What are the roots of terrorism?
What act of terrorism terrifies you most of all?
Is bribery a crime?
What spheres are corrupted most of all in your country? Police?
Education? Medicine?
What is the best way to fight corruption?
What is your attitude to the death penalty?
Is there a death penalty in in your country?
If you think it should exist, what kind of criminals should be sentenced
to death?
Which punishment is more severe, the death penalty or life imprisonment?
What do you think is an adequate punishment for an adolescent who has
committed a serious crime? Murder? Burglary? Car theft? Rape?
Is piracy a great problem in your country?
Do you consider piracy to be a crime?
Is it possible to get rid of piracy?
What is intellectual property?
Can you think of some examples of stealing intellectual property.
Do you think it is a serious crime?
What do you know about the mafia?
How does the mafia affect your life?
How does the mafia make money?
Have you ever noticed someone stealing in a store?
What were your actions?
If your friend has committed a serious crime, how would you act?
Would you report to the police or not?
Do you agree that everything that is not prohibited by law is allowed?
Is downloading music or videos a crime?
What's the difference between copyright infringement and theft?
What is the difference between crime and sin?

If you can think of another good question for this list, please add it.
Advanced
Advanced B2
Bob: You're up this morning, Susan.
Susan: I I was awake all night thinking about the new business.
Bob: Running your own business is lots of work. Are you prepared to
Susan: No. But I am prepared to hire you to run the business.
Bob: You want me to run a cookie business?
Susan: Why not?
Bob: about making cookies. I don't even know how to turn the oven on!
Susan: I'll give you a
Bob: Do I have to do the baking?
Susan: No. You'll just manage the business side.
Bob: I have about working for you.
Susan: I'll be nice. I promise you'll be a
Bob: Okay. ! boss!

" #$% &

( early in the morning – sabahın körü
EXAMPLE 1: Our flight to Berlin leaves at 7:00 a.m. tomorrow, so we'll
have to get up
EXAMPLE 2: We have lots of cookies to bake so we'll have to start
tomorrow.
SYNONYM: at the crack of dawn

( short and intensive instruction – kısa süreli ders çalı8ma

EXAMPLE 1: Yesterday, Joan's son sat down with her for a couple of hours
and gave her a on using the Internet.
EXAMPLE 2: Rachel had a date on Friday night with an auto mechanic. He
gave her a on changing her oil.

( definitely not ( imkansız

EXAMPLE 1: The boys at school are always laughing at Dana. Will she be
invited to the school dance?
EXAMPLE 2: You want to borrow my new car and drive it across the country?

SYNONYMS: never in a million years; no way!

' ( ( to try something – hadi ba8layalım

EXAMPLE 1: I've never tried to make wine in my bathtub before, but perhaps
I'll
EXAMPLE 2: You can't open that jar? Let me
SYNONYMS: to give it a try; to try one's hand at something
NOTE: "To give it one's best shot" means to try as hard as one can. I know
you're nervous about the interview — just

[slang] ( a happy person; a satisfied participant – çok memnun olmak

EXAMPLE 1: When Linda's passport was stolen in Florence, she was not a

EXAMPLE 2: Steve is taking five difficult courses this semester. He's not a

NOTE: This expression is usually used in the negative (not a happy camper).
Advanced
Advanced B2
' ( ( to feel positive about one aspect – karı8ık duygular
of something and negative about another
EXAMPLE 1: When our houseguests decided to stay for another week, I
had On the one hand, I enjoyed hanging out with them.
On the other hand, I was tired of cooking for them.
EXAMPLE 2: I have about the president of our company.
He's good with the clients, but he's nasty to his employees.

– obviously – söylemeye gerek yok

EXAMPLE 1: You've got a test tomorrow morning. you
can't stay out late tonight.
EXAMPLE 2: you shouldn't have waited until Christmas
Eve to do your shopping. The stores are going to be very crowded!
SYNONYM: it goes without saying. Example: You've got a test tomorrow,
so that you can't stay out late tonight.

' ( ( to know nothing about – en ufak fikrim yok

EXAMPLE 1: Bob talks about working at McDonald's, but the truth is he
about making hamburgers.
EXAMPLE 2: "Do you know how to fix a broken printer?" ( "No, I
)

' ( ( to be awake all night – gözümü bile kırpmadım

EXAMPLE 1: Ted was so nervous about his chemistry test that he
the night before.
EXAMPLE 2: It's not surprising that Jill last night.
She drank a large cup of coffee before going to bed.

' ( ( to work very hard – it gibi çalı8mak

EXAMPLE 1: Larry became an investment banker after college, and now
he
EXAMPLE 2: Al on his term paper and got an "A+" on it.
SYNONYMS: to work one's tail off; to work like a horse; to work one's
fingers to the bone

*+,-. -/ .0/ " #$%

1
1) Bob was surprised to see his wife up and early in the
morning.
a) light ( c) ready
2) Last week I worked 80 hours. I really worked like a .
( b) cat c) squirrel
3) Bob had never baked anything before in his life. He didn't
even have a about how to turn the oven on.
a) hint b) suggestion (
4) If you need to learn something quickly, you'd better take a
course.
( b) fast c) beginner's
5) Bob wasn't sure he wanted to work for his wife. He had
feelings.
a) nervous ( c) confused
Advanced
Advanced B2
6) Jennifer's boss is lousy and her salary is low. She's not a
happy .
a) scout b) tourist (
7) Bob decided to work for Susan. He figured he'd give it a .
( b) pop c) choice
8) Nicole was up all night finishing her Spanish homework. She
didn't sleep a .
a) drink b) blink (

Susan: You're in today, Ted.

Ted: I've got great news, Mom.
Susan: What is it?
Ted: Amber and I are going to start a rock band!
Susan: 2
Ted: Mom, I'm not going to I need to
borrow $1,000 for a new guitar.
Susan: Ted, your father and I can't that much. We
aren't
Ted: You're not? I thought you were millionaires, like Donald
and Ivana Trump!*
Susan: Ha ha. This is no time to be a
Ted: I promise I'll pay you back.
Susan: How?
Ted: We're going to and
make lots of money.
Susan: That sounds like a Aren't high school rock
bands a 3
Ted: Yeah, but we're different. With my guitar playing and
Amber's beautiful voice, we're sure to
Susan: Well, we're going through You're going to
have to work for that $1,000.
Ted: How?
Susan: You can bake cookies.
Ted: I bet Mrs. Clapton never made Eric** bake cookies, but
I guess
* Donald Trump is a famous American millionaire who made his money in
real estate. Ivana is his ex(wife.
** Eric Clapton is a very popular guitarist.
Advanced
Advanced B2
" #$% &
' ( ( to talk around the subject; to
avoid getting to the point – lafı gevelemek
EXAMPLE 1: Kara for an hour, then finally told us
she needed a ride to Kennedy Airport.
EXAMPLE 2: If you want something, tell me. Don't

3 ( so plentiful as to be nothing special; common – çok fazla var

EXAMPLE 1: Reality TV shows are a 3 these days.
EXAMPLE 2: There are so many Starbucks coffee shops in Manhattan,
they're a 3
NOTE: This expression comes from the fact that a "dime" is worth only
ten cents (very little value).

2 ( Good job! Well done! – iyi i8

EXAMPLE 1: You won $100,000 on the TV game show Jeopardy? 2

EXAMPLE 2: You passed your math test? 2

( a time of difficulty – zor zamanlar

EXAMPLE 1: Since his wife left him for her dentist, Dan has been going
through
EXAMPLE 2: Nancy's family is going through Her father just
lost his job.

' ( ( happy; in a good mood – bugün iyi günündesin

EXAMPLE 1: After she won the tennis tournament, Elizabeth was

EXAMPLE 2: Sam was after receiving his Christmas bonus.

( very rich – çok zengin olmak

EXAMPLE 1: My neighbor is re(modeling his house to look like Versailles.
He doesn't have good taste, but he certainly is
EXAMPLE 2: Max should be willing to loan you $10,000 to start your new
business. He's
SYNONYMS: loaded; rolling in dough; to have money to burn

' ( ( to win popularity quickly – hemen ünlü olmak

EXAMPLE 1: Nicole's beautiful cousin Cecilia from Santo Domingo really
at the high school dance.
EXAMPLE 2: Those new jeans really All the kids are
wearing them.
SYNONYM: to be a hit

' ( ' ( ( to repay a loan or debt – geri ödeme

EXAMPLE 1: Nicole the $10 she borrowed.
EXAMPLE 2: You can borrow $50, but don't forget to
NOTE: "Pay back" also means to "get revenge." Example: I know you're
the one who stole my car, and one day I'll think of a way to
Advanced
Advanced B2
( an unrealistic hope – bo8 hayal
EXAMPLE 1: Susan would like to move to New Zealand and write romance
novels, but she knows that's just a
EXAMPLE 2: You want to become a famous actor on Broadway? That
sounds like a

' ( ( to pay (often more than one would like) ( ödemek

EXAMPLE 1: Bob $5,000 for Nicole's piano lessons before she
decided she'd rather play the flute.
EXAMPLE 2: How much am I going to have to to get two tickets
to the Rolling Stones concert?

' ( ' ( ( to win popularity quickly – fırtına estirmek

EXAMPLE 1: The play "The Producers" really 4
EXAMPLE 2: That new restaurant really -

' ( ( when something bad happens

and you can't do anything about it – çaresiz kalmak
EXAMPLE 1: By the time we got to the theater, the new Harry Potter movie
was already sold out. Oh well,
EXAMPLE 2: Your glasses fell on a rock and broke while you were fishing?
.

[slang] ( a smart aleck; one who makes a lot of

sarcastic comments ( ukala
EXAMPLE 1: When Mrs. Lee asked Joey what he wanted to be when he
grew up, he said, "An adult." She told him not to be such a
EXAMPLE 2: That clerk in the video store is a real He's always
making nasty comments about the customers.
SYNONYMS: wise ass [rude], smart ass [rude]

*+,-. -/ .0/ " #$%

- 1
5( today because I got a promotion at work.
(
b) drunk
c) tired
2) Renting an apartment on Park Avenue in Manhattan is dif¬
ficult, unless you're
(
b) strange
c) famous
3) My friend's daughter paints beautiful pictures. In a few years,

a) something bad will happen and she'll lose her job

b) she'll draw an excellent painting of a storm
(
4) Susan thinks that Ted's plan to become a famous rock star is

(
b) Ted's biggest hope
c) something very realistic
Advanced
Advanced B2
5) If you're looking for a new suit, you shouldn't have a problem.
Clothing shops in this town are 3
a) hard to find
(
c) lousy
6) Ted performed at his high school dance. He knew he'd
when all the girls started singing along.
a) done something wrong
(
c) created waves
7) Being guy can be fun, but it might not make you
popular with your teachers.
a) a very intelligent person
(
c) a person whom everybody admires
8) Nicole wants to attend Yale, but her parents don't want to
$100,000 for the tuition.
a) waste
b) save
(

%
/ % '% , (
The aim of this report was to investigate UniLab staff attitudes to personal mobile
phone use in staff and team meetings. A staff survey on attitudes towards the use of
mobile phones in the staff / team meetings was conducted. The results indicate that
the majority of staff find mobile phone use a major issue in staff meetings. The report
concludes that personal mobile phones are disruptive and should be turned off in
meetings. It is recommended that UniLab develops a company policy banning the use
of mobile phones except in exceptional circumstances.

There has been a massive increase in the use of personal mobile phones over the past
five years and there is every indication that this will continue. According to Black
(2002) by 2008 almost 100% of working people in Australia will carry personal mobile
phones. Black describes this phenomenon as ‘serious in the extreme, potentially
undermining the foundations of communication in our society’ (2002, p 167). Currently
at UniLab 89% of staff have personal mobile phones.
Recently a number of staff have complained about the use of personal mobile phones
in meetings and asked what the official company policy is. At present there is no
official company policy regarding phone use. This report examines the issue of mobile
phone usage in staff meetings and small team meetings. It does not seek to examine
the use of mobile phones in the workplace at other times, although some concerns
were raised.
For the purposes of this report a personal mobile phone is a personally funded phone
for private calls as opposed to an employer funded phone that directly relates to
carrying out a particular job.
 2 " "- , *1 / OMB Approval No. 250200598
% ' - , (Exp. 04/30/2014)
Office of Housing

Advanced
Advanced B2
$
This research was conducted by questionnaire and investigated UniLab staff members’
attitudes to the use of mobile phones in staff / team meetings. A total of 412
questionnaires were distributed with employees' fortnightly pay slips (see Appendix 1).
The questionnaire used Lekert scales to assess social attitudes (see Smith 2002) to
mobile phone usage and provided open ended responses for additional comments.
Survey collection boxes were located in every branch for a four week period. No
personal information was collected; the survey was voluntary and anonymous.

+
There was an 85% response rate to the questionnaire. A breakdown of the responses
is listed below in Table 1. It can be clearly seen from the results that mobile phones
are considered to be disruptive and should be turned off in meetings.
. 5
Personal mobile phone usage in Strongly Agree Disagree Strongly
staff and team meetings is… agree % % % disagree %
Not a problem 5 7 65 23
An issue 40 45 10 5
Disruptive 80 10 7 3
Phones should be permissible 6 16 56 22
Phones should be turned off 85 10 3 2
Allowed in some circumstances 10 52 24 14
The survey also allowed participants to identify any circumstances where mobile
phones should be allowed in meetings and also assessed staff attitudes towards
receiving personal phone calls in staff meetings in open ended questions. These
results showed that staff thought that in some circumstances, eg medical or
emergencies, receiving personal phone calls was acceptable, but generally receiving
personal phone calls was not necessary.

" 6 +
It can be seen from the results in Table 1 that personal mobile phone use is considered
to a problem; however it was acknowledged that in some situations it should be
permissible. 80% of recipients considered mobile phones to be highly disruptive and
there was strong support for phones being turned off in meetings (85%). Only 12%
thought that mobile phone usage in staff and team meetings was not a problem,
whereas 85% felt it was an issue. The results are consistent throughout the survey.
Many of the respondents (62%) felt that in exceptional circumstances mobile phones
should be allowed, eg medical, but there should be protocols regarding this.
These findings are consistent with other studies. According to Smith (2005) many
companies have identified mobile phones as disruptive and have banned the use of
mobile phones in meetings. Havir (2004) claims that 29% of staff meeting time is
wasted through unnecessary mobile phone interruptions. This affects time
management, productivity and team focus.

-
The use of mobile phones in staff meetings is clearly disruptive and they should be
switched off. Most staff felt it is not necessary to receive personal phone calls in staff
meetings except under certain circumstances, but permission should first be sought
from the team leader, manager or chair.

+
It is recommended that UniLab develops an official policy regarding the use of mobile
phones in staff meetings. The policy should recommend:
mobile phones are banned in staff meetings
mobiles phone may be used in exceptional circumstances but only with the
permission of the appropriate manager or chair
Finally, the policy needs to apply to all staff in the company.
 Advanced
Advanced B2
Public Reporting Burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1.0 hours per response, including the time for reviewing
instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of
information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for
reducing this burden, to the Reports Management Officer, Office of Information Policies and Systems, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development, Washington, DC 2041003600 and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (250200468),
Washington, DC 20503. Do not send this completed form to either of the above addresses.

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Advanced
Advanced B2

!
"
Nicole: I've decided to run for student body president! If I'm
going to become a senator one day, I should
now.

Ted: Andrea Jenkins is also running. She'll give you a

Nicole: Andrea Jenkins is an idiot. I'm the better candidate.

Ted: Don't be so I might vote for Andrea.

Nicole: Stop ! I
need your help.

Ted: You want me to help you!

Nicole: Yes. I need you to voting for me.

Ted: But you never All

you give them is the

Nicole: That's because they've got blue hair and nose rings!

Ted: They're better than your friends — a bunch of

and &

Nicole: That's Let's talk about your friends

and their votes.

Ted: Okay. 4 If
you do my chemistry homework, I'll help you get the
votes.

Nicole: I'm not 3 that idea. But, okay, I

hope I can
Advanced
Advanced B2

" #$% &

– Konumuzun dı ında

& [slang] ( a person who's constantly trying to

win favor with people above them, such as teachers or bosses ( yalakalık
EXAMPLE 1: Lauren is such a & She's always telling her
teacher how much she enjoys class.
EXAMPLE 2: Dennis brought the boss lunch today? What a &
NOTE: You will also see the verb form of this expression: "to brownnose."
Example: Dennis is always & the boss, but I still don't
think he's going to get a promotion.

( by a wide margin; by a great difference – açık ara

EXAMPLE 1: Some people think Tom Hanks is the best actor in
America today.
EXAMPLE 2: Mediterranean Grill is the best restaurant in town. No
wonder it's so hard to get a reservation there!
SYNONYMS: by a long shot; far and away; hands down

' ( ( to depend or rely on someone (güvenmek

EXAMPLE 1: My brother has a great sense of humor, so I can always
to cheer me up.
EXAMPLE 2: If I can to wake me up, I won't set my alarm
clock.

' ( 3 ( bayılımıyorum

( to think too much of oneself – kendini büyük görmek

EXAMPLE 1: After Angela appeared on the cover of Vogue magazine, she
was really
EXAMPLE 2: Mitch thinks he's really great. He's so

' ( ( to get serious about a task – i8imize dönelim

EXAMPLE 1: The book club members spent the first two hours of their
meeting eating and drinking before finally
EXAMPLE 2: Our dinner guests are arriving in two hours. We'd better
and start preparing.

' ( ( to have or to get experience (

EXAMPLE 1: Kristenhad three years of working for a large law firm
before leaving to start her own firm.
EXAMPLE 2: Ernie needs to get an MBA to get the job he
wants.

' ( ' ( ' ( ( to be strong

competition – sıkı rakibi olmak
EXAMPLE 1: We lost the soccer tournament, but we certainly gave
% 0 %
EXAMPLE 2: Tina is a good tennis player and always
Advanced
Advanced B2
' ( ( to be cold to someone
on purpose; to snub someone – soğuk davranmak
EXAMPLE 1: When Lisa saw Amber at the mall, she didn't even stop to
talk to her. She really
EXAMPLE 2: I can't understand why Joe would
I thought you two were good friends!
SYNONYM: to blow someone off. Example: Amber can't understand why
Lisa at the mall.

' ( ( to ignore someone;

to refuse to pay any attention to someone – göz ardı etmek
EXAMPLE 1: Sandra never back in college, but
now she calls me all the time for advice.
EXAMPLE 2: Why don't you find a new stockbroker? Yours is always so
busy, she barely

& ( self(righteously or smugly good ( yalaka

EXAMPLE 1: 2 & usually sit in the front row and smile at the
teacher during class.
EXAMPLE 2: Samantha is a real & She always offers to erase
the blackboard at the end of class.
SYNONYMS: goody two(shoes; teacher's pet

( I agree (to a proposal or offer) (söz

EXAMPLE 1: You'll make dinner every night for a month if I help you
with your homework? Okay,
EXAMPLE 2: "If you rake up all the leaves in front of the house, I'll do the
dishes'' ( ) )

' ( ( to joke around; to tease – 8aka yapmayı kes

EXAMPLE 1: Jeremy loves to so don't be offended by anything
he says.
EXAMPLE 2: While they were Tim accidentally poked
Rob in the eye. He had to be rushed to the emergency room of the hospital.
NOTE: YOU will often here this in the negative "not kidding around." This
means to take something very seriously. Example: The White House is
with airport security.

' ( ( to persuade; to convince – ikna etmek

EXAMPLE 1: Chris didn't want to jump out of the plane, but Erin

EXAMPLE 2: Stop trying to going to the dance club on Saturday

night. I already decided that I'm going to Maria's party instead.

( if you do me
a favor, I'll do you a favor; let's cooperate – her8ey kar8ılıklı
EXAMPLE 1: I'll help you with your homework if you do the dishes. 4

EXAMPLE 2: If I drive you into the city, will you pick up my dry cleaning?
4
Advanced
Advanced B2
*+,-. -/ .0/ " #$%
1
5( Nicole is very reliable. You can always count her.
a) in ( c) with
2) I need to ask you for your help, and I'll do something nice for
you in return. You scratch my _ _ _ and I'll scratch yours.
( b) neck c) foot
3) Stop kidding ! Tell me where you hid my shoes.
a) about ( c) into
4) I can't believe that Lisa gave you t h e _ _ shoulder. I
thought you two were friends.
a) hot b) freezing (
5) Ted's friends didn't want to vote for Nicole, but Ted talked
them it.
( b) around c) for
6) Although Jim Greene was far the more qualified candidate,
he lost the election because of a scandal.
a) way b) in (
7) Denise is really full herself. She thinks she's the smartest
and most beautiful woman in the world.
a) with ( c) in
8) Nicole thinks that Andrea is a snob. She says Andrea won't
her the time of day.
( b) allow c) tell

! " # $ # #
% $ & #
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' &" " " # " ! #
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% $ & #% $ (((# )' ! "*
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+ " " ! " !#
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, # #
% $ #
Advanced
Advanced B2
" $& #
& , ! #
% $ ((((( #' &" # )- , *
% $ , $ " ! #
! # $ #
" !# % $ ! $ . #
% $ " !#
% ! $ #
% ! $ " , $ #
% $ ! #
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' $ &

# $
% &
" &
& "
"
Advanced
Advanced B2
Bob: Thank you for me today, Carol.
Carol: " Bob. 7
Bob: My wife baked these cookies Please take one.
Carol: Mmmm, chewy. These are
Bob: My wife's a great cook.
Carol: 4 I don't want to
myself, but let me take a few more.
Bob: Oink oink! 8
Carol: I'd like to sell these at the Village Market. My customers
will over these!
Bob: How much would you pay us for each cookie?
Carol: I'm not sure. I need to and
the finances.
Bob: Can you give me a now?
Carol: I don't want to 9 % for now, and
we'll this evening.

" #$% &

( an approximate number – yakla8ık fiyat
EXAMPLE 1: The auto mechanic didn't know exactly how much the repairs
would cost, but he was able to give me a
EXAMPLE 2: The plumber estimated that it would cost $150 to fix our sink,
but that was just a

" ( you're welcome – lafı bile olmaz

EXAMPLE 1: "Thanks for bringing the cookies," I said to Susan. )"
) she replied.
EXAMPLE 2: "Thanks for picking up my suit at the dry cleaners." ( )"
It was my pleasure."

(to) ( to solve; to determine – hesap yapmak

EXAMPLE 1: Ted couldn't one of his math problems, so he
asked his sister for help.
EXAMPLE 2: Susan is sure she'll never why kids today behave
the way they do.

( from the beginning; using all fresh ingredients

rather than using a prepared mix – kendi yapmak
EXAMPLE 1: The house was in such bad shape, they decided to tear it
down and re(build it
EXAMPLE 2: You baked these muffins They're delicious!

' ( [slang] ( to react with great enthusiasm ( çıldırmak

EXAMPLE 1: When Tiger Woods got a hole(in(one during the golf
tournament, the crowd
EXAMPLE 2: When Eminem appeared on stage, everybody
NOTE: This expression also means "to go crazy" or "to become crazy
with anger." Example: Jim when his wife told him she was
leaving him for another man.
Advanced
Advanced B2
' (9 ( to start doing something too soon or
ahead of everybody else – hemen atlamak istemiyorum
EXAMPLE 1: Nicole really 9 by writing her acceptance
speech before the results of the elections were announced.
EXAMPLE 2: The bookstore 9 by selling the new Harry
Potter book two weeks before its official release date.

9 ( talking more to get a laugh than anything – dalga geçmek

EXAMPLE 1: I was 9 when I said your new orange dress makes
you look like a pumpkin.
EXAMPLE 2: Are you sure that's your boyfriend? I thought he was your
grandfather. 8

' ( [slang] ( to overeat; to eat too much – çok fazla yemek

EXAMPLE 1: by eating four slices of pie.
EXAMPLE 2: Of course you could eat another hamburger, but you don't
want to

' ( ( to put time in one's schedule for something – zaman ayırmak

EXAMPLE 1: Don is a busy lawyer, but he always his family.
EXAMPLE 2: I'll be sure to you when you visit me.

– karar vermek

' ( ( to prepare to work ( hazırlanmak

EXAMPLE 1: Let's sleeves and finish making these cookies!
EXAMPLE 2: You'd better and finish your homework.

' ( ( to wait patiently – sakince beklemek

EXAMPLE 1: Nicole won't hear back from the colleges she applied to until
April. For now, she'll just have to
EXAMPLE 2: % the doctor will be with you in a few minutes.

' ( ( tartı mak

7 ( What's going on? What's new? – nasıl gidiyor?

EXAMPLE 1: 7 I haven't spoken to you in a long time.
EXAMPLE 2: You never call me anymore. 7 with that?

( I agree with you ( katılıyorum

EXAMPLE 1: You think our house needs repairs? 4
— even our toilet is broken!
EXAMPLE 2: "The weather is so nasty today." ( )4
I don't even want to go outside!"
Advanced
Advanced B2
*+,-. -/ .0/ " #$%
Imagine that you are Bob and that you're meeting with Carol
from the Village Market to sell her your cookies. Choose the most
appropriate replies to Carol's questions and statements:
1) Carol: "I'm glad I was able to make time to see you today."
Bob's reply:
a) "I guess I'll see you tomorrow then."
b) "It must be nice to have so much free time."
( )4 )
2) Carol: "What's up?"
Bob's reply:
a) "Fine, thank you."
() )
c) "I don't know. Let me check with my wife."
3) Carol: "These cookies are out of this world. What do you
think?"
Bob's reply:
() . )
b) "I don't know where they are."
c) "No thanks. I've already had ten cookies."
4) Carol: "Did your wife make these from scratch?"
Bob's reply:
a) "No, she made them from flour, eggs, and sugar."
( )4 % )
c) "Yes. She bought a roll of Pillsbury frozen dough and
heated it in the oven for 15 minutes."
5) Carol: "I ate seven cookies. Do you think I've made a pig of
myself?"
Bob's reply:
() . )
b) "Yes. You look just like a pig."
c) "Yes. Pigs love to eat cookies too."
66
6) Carol: "I think my customers will go nuts over these cookies."
Bob's reply:
() , )
b) "Nuts? Sure, we can put nuts in the cookies."
c) "I disagree. They'll probably like them."
7) Carol: "Bob, I'm not ready to give you a ballpark figure yet."
Bob's reply:
a) "Okay, how about one dollar per cookie?"
b) "When you're ready, we can sell them in the ballpark."
( )# )
8) Carol: "I don't want to jump the gun by discussing details now."
Bob's reply:
() . )
b) "I didn't say anything about selling you guns."
c) "Thanks, I'd love an answer right now."
Advanced
Advanced B2

- 1
1) This apple pie is
a) not bad
b) from another planet
(
2) Jane was feeling so she went to a day spa to relax.
(
b) relaxed
c) angry
3) You ate 15 cookies? You really
a) turned into an animal with a snout and tail
b) made yourself sick
(
4) Bob wasn't sure he wanted to work for his wife's cookie
company, but she
a) forced him
(
c) asked him
5) Nancy about the Internet. She's never
even used e(mail.
a) understands deeply
(
c) is learning a lot
6) Stop I don't know what you're
trying to tell me.
( 9
b) hitting the trees
c) repeating yourself
7) Paul likes to draw silly cartoons of his classmates on the
blackboard before class. He's a
a) bad student
b) smart person
(
8) Tom needed to learn how to ride a horse before his trip to
Ireland, so he took a
(
b) class in falling down
c) semester(long class
9) Laura when she was younger, and now she
spends every day on the golf course.
a) had a good job
(
c) stole money
10) The doctor will be with you soon. Please
a) come back later
(
c) follow me
Advanced
Advanced B2

& # $
" & &
!

Carol: Hi Bob. 0
Bob: Fine thanks, Carol. How are you?
Carol: - Bob, I've had a chance to
I can pay you 50c per cookie.
Bob: That's : At that price, it's not
The ingredients alone cost us 30c per cookie.
Carol: Okay, let me — 60c per cookie?
Bob: Carol, my wife and I need to from this
business.
Carol: Okay, okay, you've I'll pay you 75c
per cookie. .
Bob: We'll take it.
Carol: You Bob.
Bob: Yes, but we make a good cookie.
Carol: Let's Bring me 2,000 cookies on
Monday morning by 9 a.m.

" #$% & !/%%#

( things are going well; I'm fine – çok 8ükür
EXAMPLE 1: "How's business, Mike?" ( )- sold a lot of
computers this month."
EXAMPLE 2: "How are things going at your new job?"( )- )

' ( ( to perform calculations (especially

financial calculations) – hesap yapmak
EXAMPLE 1: Scott
loves to so he decided to become an
accountant.
EXAMPLE 2: Wendy spends all her time at work in front of the computer
and analyzing sales data.

' ( ( to be tough in negotiating an

agreement; to negotiate something in one's favor – sıkı pazarlık
EXAMPLE 1: I wanted to pay less for the car, but the salesman

EXAMPLE 2: Eric and got the company to raise

their salary offer by $15,000.

' ( ( to get started – i8e koyulmak

EXAMPLE 1: Let's on this project. We've only got one
week to finish it.
Advanced
Advanced B2
EXAMPLE 2: If we don't on our vacation plans soon,
we'll end up going nowhere.

0 ( How are you? – nasıl gidiyor?

EXAMPLE 1: )0 ) I asked Ted. "Everything's fine. How are
you?" he replied.
EXAMPLE 2: )0 ) Vladimir asked me. "Not bad," I replied.

' ( ( to earn enough money to support oneself ( geçinmek

EXAMPLE 1: Many people laugh at him, but Bill actually
selling gourmet dog food.
EXAMPLE 2: Danny makes some money playing his guitar on street corners,
but not enough to

( you're saying the right thing – lafıma geldin

EXAMPLE 1: You want to offer me free tickets to the J. Lo concert?

EXAMPLE 2: You'd like to offer me a $10,000 raise and a corner office?

: – impossible – lafı bile olmaz

EXAMPLE 1: My friend Emily wanted me to climb Mount McKinley with
her, but I told her it was :
EXAMPLE 2: You want to borrow my new car and drive it across the country?
I'm sorry, but that's :

' ( ( to make an offer more attractive ( yumu8atmak

EXAMPLE 1: IBM offered to by giving John a company
car if he agreed to work for them.
EXAMPLE 2: We really want you to take the job here at Magna Corporation,
so let us know what we can do to

( accept or reject an offer, usually a final one – kabul et

EXAMPLE 1: The highest salary we can offer you is $50,000 a year
—
EXAMPLE 2: I'm offering to do the dishes for one week if you'll help me
with my science project. .

' ( ' ( ( to persuade someone; to convince

someone – ikna etmek
EXAMPLE 1: Ted didn't want to get another tattoo on his back, but Amber

EXAMPLE 2: Okay, you've You can borrow my new car

and drive it across the country.

( worthy of one's effort or time ( kurtarmaz

EXAMPLE 1: It would be to audition for the game show
Jeopardy. You'd probably win a lot of money.
EXAMPLE 2: Let me make it to work weekends. I'll
pay you an extra $10 per hour on Saturdays and Sundays.
Advanced
Advanced B2
*+,-. -/ .0/ " #$%
Abe, owner of Honest Abe's Furniture Store, is talking to Jeff
about a new advertising campaign for the store. Jeff owns an
advertising agency. Complete the dialogue using these idioms:

Abe: Hi, Jeff. ?

Jeff: Fine, thanks. I've only scheduled a half hour for this meeting,
so we'd better .
Abe: Jeff, I need you to come up with a new advertising campaign
for my furniture shop.
Jeff: I've had a chance to , and you'll need
to pay me $30,000 to come up with some new ideas.
Abe: Thirty thousand dollars? That's really :
Jeff: Listen, Abe, I need to too. I've got a
wife and seven children at home.
Abe: I'll pay you $20,000.
Jeff: If you want quality work, you have to pay for it. Let's say
$25,000?
Abe: Okay, okay. You've . I'll pay you $23,000.
Jeff: . That's a fair price.
Abe: You certainly .
Jeff: I know, but you'll be happy with my work.

#
$ %

Bob: I know I've been since I got fired,

but now. The Village Market
wants to sell our cookies.
Nicole: That's great news, Dad!
Bob: We're going to have to bake 3 over the weekend.
They want 2,000 cookies by Monday.
Nicole: Two thousand cookies in three days? Don't you think
you've
Ted: Yeah, you're going to be

Susan: Fortunately, there are four of us here. You kids will have
to too.
Nicole: Sorry, but I can't. I have to finish Ted's chemistry homework
and then I've got to on my election speech.
Bob: What's that about doing Ted's chemistry homework?
Ted: Amber will with the cookies
instead of Nicole.
Advanced
Advanced B2
Susan: Nicole! It's getting
you to do any work around here.

" #$% & !/%%#

' ( ( to take on more than
one is capable of; to take on too much – büyük konu8mak
EXAMPLE 1: Jennifer is having a dinner party for 50 people, and she can't
even cook. I think she's
EXAMPLE 2: You agreed to host 50 exchange students from Korea? Aren't
you afraid you've
SYNONYM: to be or to get in over one's head. Example: Jennifer is in
with this dinner party!

' ( – morali yerlerde

( A way of expressing emotions such as

surprise, outrage, or impatience – Allah a8kına
EXAMPLE 1: Hurry up, You're going to be late for school.
EXAMPLE 2: Oh, Yesterday, I made three dozen chocolate
chip cookies, and today there's only one cookie left!
SYNONYMS: for God's sake, for goodness sake, for Pete's sake

' ( ( to get started on something; to set off for a

destination; to leave – i8e koyulmak
EXAMPLE 1: If you don't on your homework soon, you're going
to be up all night.
EXAMPLE 2: We'd better to the restaurant now. Otherwise, we'll
be late for our seven o'clock reservation.
SYNONYMS: to get a move on; to get the show on the road

' ( ( to give assistance; to help ( yardım

EXAMPLE 1: Amber offered to in the kitchen by chopping nuts.
EXAMPLE 2: I'd be happy to by baking cookies for the picnic.
SYNONYM: to lend a hand

& in a hysterical manner;

in a frenzy; in a very nervous way – panik olmak
EXAMPLE 1: Ken was late for work, and he couldn't find his car keys. He
was running around his apartment
EXAMPLE 2: Patricia ran around the school looking for her lost backpack

NOTE: This idiom is usually used with the phrase "to run around" as in
the above examples.

3 ( with great speed or enthusiasm – çok hevesli olmak

EXAMPLE 1: When Pete Sampras won the tennis match, the crowd started
cheering 3
EXAMPLE 2: Ann ran 3 but she still didn't manage to catch the bus.

( very difficult – çok zor

EXAMPLE 1:It's getting Max to talk about his girlfriend.
EXAMPLE 2:Kyle hates to study. It's getting him to do
his homework every night.
Advanced
Advanced B2
( don't worry about something; forget it; it
doesn't matter ( bo8ver
EXAMPLE 1: You forgot to pick up eggs at the supermarket?
I'll get them tomorrow morning.
EXAMPLE 2: what your friends say. You need to do what you
think is right.

' ( & to help – yardım etmek

EXAMPLE 1: Nicole offered to and clean up her neighborhood
beach. She picked up five plastic cups and an old towel.
EXAMPLE 2: If you need my help, just ask. I'd be happy to
SYNONYMS: to lend a hand, to lend a helping hand; to help out

' ( ( to move about quickly

EXAMPLE 1: I've been all day making final arrangements
for our trip to Costa Rica tomorrow.
EXAMPLE 2: Debbie is exhausted. She town all day today.

( things are improving – yoluna girmek

EXAMPLE 1: Elizabeth found a wonderful new job and just moved into a
beautiful new apartment. . for her.
EXAMPLE 2: . with the economy.

*+,-. -/ .0/ " #$%

1
1) When the sun doesn't shine all winter, it's easy to start feeling
down in the .
( b) crazy c) luck
2) Things were so busy at work, I spent the entire week running
around like a chicken with its cut off.
a) beak ( c) neck
3) According to today's newspaper, the economy is improving.
Things are looking .
( b) down c) forward
4) I thought you could help me with my new project. But if
you're too busy, never . I'll find somebody else.
a) bother ( c) worry
5) For heaven's ! If you don't stop playing those video
games, you'll never get your homework done.
a) angels ( c) benefit
6) When the school asked Susan to bring cookies to the bake
sale, she said she'd be happy to help .
a) in b) about (
7) When my friend John told me how busy he was preparing
for his Halloween party, I offered to pitch .
( b) out c) him
8) It's like pulling getting Nicole to help out in the kitchen.
a) hair b) nails (
Advanced
Advanced B2
;# <% *+,-. -/
- 1
1) Janice is doing all the cooking for her daughter's wedding. I
think she's
a) accepted too little responsibility
b) taken too much food into her mouth
(
2) If Nicole is going to cover her entire school with election
posters, she'd better them immediately.
(
b) stop working on
c) start destroying
3) If you get tired of mowing the lawn, I'd be happy to
a) confuse you
b) do nothing
(
4) Last year, Bill opened a store selling gourmet pet food. This year,
he'll open 10 more stores. His business is growing 3
a) very quickly
b) very slowly
( 3
5) Ever since receiving his rejection letter from Princeton University,
Jason has been
a) happy
(
c) encouraged
6) For a long time, Michelle couldn't find a boyfriend. But now
She met a nice guy last weekend.
a) her love life is getting even worse
(
c) her love life couldn't get much worse

" ' !
'
( !

Ted: Mom, Amber is here to with the cookies.

Susan: Hi Amber. Nice to see you again.
Amber: Good to see you too, Mrs. Johnson.
Susan: That's an interesting hairstyle.*
Amber: Thanks. I'm glad you think it's cool. Blue hair is
this season.
Advanced
Advanced B2
Susan: Well, I'm going to now and let you kids

Ted: Don't worry, Mom. Your business is

with Amber. She really
Amber: That's true. I used to work at Mrs. Field's Cookies** in
the mall.
Susan: You don't work there anymore?
Amber: No, I got fired. I have a real and they told
me I was eating too many cookies.
Susan: Well, I'm sure you haven't
Amber: I might be a bit
Ted: Mom, you can watch Amber bake if you want. You
might a few
Amber: Yes, As a singer, I'm used to performing before
an audience!
Susan: Thanks, but I'm going to You know
what they say:
Amber: Will I see you later tonight?
Susan: Yes, I'll be back in a few hours.
Ted: Mom, why don't you just and go to bed.
You've been all day.
* When somebody says something is "interesting" it often means they don't
like it, but they want to be polite.
** Mrs. Field's Cookies are gourmet cookies that are sold in malls across the
United States.

" #$% & !/%%#

( the latest fashion; popular right now ( beğenmemek
EXAMPLE 1: Have you seen those new alligator(skin cowboy boots?
They're this season!
EXAMPLE 2: At Nate's high school, salsa dancing is this year.

' ( ( to stop an activity for the rest of the night ( bırakmak

EXAMPLE 1: We spent a few hours walking around downtown Chicago. It
was so cold that we were ready to by nine o'clock.
EXAMPLE 2: Let's and meet back at the office at seven
o'clock tomorrow morning to finish preparing our report.
NOTE: There is also the expression "to call it a day" which means to stop
activity for the day.

( go ahead and do something; don't hesitate (to do

something) – gaz vermek
EXAMPLE 1: ) to interrupt me and ask questions during my lecture,"
said the professor to his students.
EXAMPLE 2: If you need legal advice, to call my cousin Fred.
He's a lawyer.

(to) ( to move out of the way; to stop

interfering with someone's plans or activities ( karı8mamak
EXAMPLE 1: If you're not planning on helping us prepare dinner, please
The kitchen is crowded.
Advanced
Advanced B2
EXAMPLE 2: 2 That truck is backing up and it might
run you over.

' ( ( in good, competent care – iyi ellerde

EXAMPLE 1: Don't worry — your dog will be while
you're on vacation. We'll take her to the New York Dog Spa & Hotel.
EXAMPLE 2: You're with Tony. He's an excellent driver.

' ( & to have an expertise in a field – i8ini bilir

EXAMPLE 1: Steve has been an auto mechanic for 25 years. He really

EXAMPLE 2: When it comes to cooking, Kristen She

spent two years studying at the Culinary Institute of America.

' ( & to help – el atmak

EXAMPLE 1: When Amber saw Susan washing the cookie sheets, she offered
to
EXAMPLE 2: Would you mind in the garden? We need to
finish planting these flowers before it starts raining.

' ( ( to no longer be able to do something well – iyi yapamıyorum

EXAMPLE 1: I used to make delicious pies, but this one tastes terrible. I
think I've
EXAMPLE 2: Dr. Stewart used to be a very good doctor, but recently several
of his patients have died. He seems to have

' ( ( no longer good at doing something ( hamla8mak

EXAMPLE 1: Susan studied French in high school, but she hasn't spoken it
since. She's really
EXAMPLE 2: I used to play tennis every day, but I haven't played in years.
I'm

' ( ( to acquire; to learn ( kapmak

EXAMPLE 5: Bob languages quickly. After two weeks in Spain,
he was already speaking Spanish.
EXAMPLE 2: Diana some great new ideas at the workshop.
NOTE: "Pick up" has several other meanings, including:
1) To take from the floor or ground. * the pen you dropped.
2) To buy. I'll some burritos on my way home.
3) To clean up. Let's the bedroom before the guests arrive.
4) To retrieve someone. I'll at seven for our date.

( an enjoyment of sugary foods – tatlıyı çok seven

EXAMPLE 1: Amber's got a real Last night, she ate a whole
box of Godiva chocolates.
EXAMPLE 2: No wonder Liz is so overweight. She's got such a

' ( ( to stop and rest from an activity – ara vermek

EXAMPLE 1: Bob always worked 10 hours straight, never
EXAMPLE 2: Let's from our work and go get some ice cream.

' ( ( to assume control – kontrolü devretmek

EXAMPLE 1: After 11 hours of driving, I was getting tired. Fortunately,
my friend offered to
EXAMPLE 2: My new boss will be some of my projects.
Advanced
Advanced B2
( too many people involved – nerde çokluk orda .... ☺
in an activity can ruin it
EXAMPLE 1: After Bob and Susan edited Nicole's college applications,
they were worse than when she started. .
EXAMPLE 2: You don't need to help us. We have enough people helping
already, and
NOTE: Broth is a clear liquid that forms the base for soups.

( clever shortcuts gained by experience – i8in incelikleri

EXAMPLE 1: The new teacher learned some from Mrs.
Blackstone, who'd been teaching at the school for 40 years.
EXAMPLE 2: My new job will be easier once I learn some

' ( [slang] ( to work very hard – çok fazla çalı8mak

EXAMPLE 5: Don to save money for his son's education.
EXAMPLE 2: Bob at the furniture store, but his boss
fired him anyway.

*+,-. -/ .0/ " #$%

1
1) When Susan was having trouble lifting her heavy mixer, Bob
offered to lend a .
a) finger b) foot (
2) Nicole used to play the piano, but she hasn't practiced in five
years. She's really practice.
a) about to b) into (
3) You've been working in the kitchen for hours. Why don't you
go and a break?
( b) give c) do
4) Amber picked up many of the trade while working at
Mrs. Field's Cookies in the Stamford Mall.
a) bits ( c) pieces
5) Your shoulder massages are still the best. You haven't ____
your touch.
a) found ( c) spoiled
6) After two weeks in Italy, Tom started to pick a few
words of Italian, including cappuccino and pizza.
( b) out c) in
7) When Jill got tired of chopping the onions, Jack took .
( b) off c) away
8) Whenever we need financial advice, we call Suze Orman.
She really knows her .
a) things ( c) matter
0 1
Encouraged dreadful deceived himself against the accuse, such as. made a marvellous aduocate,
claiming that he was innocent. I did not confess admit guilt to no one, knew that justice would find.
eager during the inspection. inadequate budget, he removed himself out of the house without
consulting the landlord. was thrown in merchandise. He is invoiceless operating sunk. there was no
punctual. it rubed everything.
like torture, such as harvest time discussing field. throat like a whistle cemetery.
opened a warehouse franchise, such as, loan debt is closed. failed to reach the embassy's car breaks
dashboard.
 Advanced
Advanced B2
*+/%/ . % $*!/ 6 *+/%/ . *+#2+/%% =/
3 are visiting the USA this month...
You % / next summer’s vacation with your friends...
Your parents usually / on trips where lodging and meals are all0inclusive
Your father 4 # for a big company...

Which sentence refers to a permanent situation? Which tense is used?

Which sentence refers to a repeated habitual action? Which tense is used?
Which sentence refers to an action happening at or around the time of speaking? Which tense is
used?
Which sentence refers to a planned future action? Which tense is used?

The , is used:
For general truths
For future actions related to timetables and programmes
To refer to the plot of a book, film, TV programme, etc.
In sports commentaries
In exclamatory sentences with Here... and There...
The / is used:
For temporary states
For situations which are changing or developing around the present time
With always, constantly and continually to express annoyance

Water freezes at 0° Centigrade

You are always leaving my CDs on the floor!
Here comes the train!
In this week’s espisode, Sandra meets Alan again
My brother is working as a lifeguard this summer
Robinson passes to Neil
The rain to Bristol departs at 4:55
Tourism is becoming in important industry in many developing countries

%.,. =/ , " # > %.,. =/ =/+;%

One of your friends wants to go on a trip with you, but he is not very fit
You are thinking of taking a trip that will bring you close to nature
You think that a vacation should also have some educational value
What does your friend want to do? When? Why is the Present Simple used here?
What difference between you are thinking and you think?

The following groups of verbs express states – not actions – and are not used in progressive tenses
& ' * (see, hear, feel, etc.)
& ' * , % * (like, hate, want, prefer, etc.)
& ' * $' * % # 4 %/ (know, believe, remember, etc.)
& ' * 4 (have, possess, etc.)
5 ' 4 % ' , (be, cost, seem, etc.)

NOTE: Some stative verbs (have, see, taste, etc.) are used in progressive tenses when
they express actions rather than states.

This cheese tastes like paper

The chef is tasting the soup to see if there is enough salt in it.
 Advanced
Advanced B2
#< % , " ?<, . /+%
I will spend only a little , in the spa.
There are many interesting , , in Geneva
There are a few in Lake Plastria
The Airbus A380 does not consume so much *
There is very little * , about the Hotel Everland on the Internet
Which of the nouns in bold are always countable, always uncountable or can be both?
What is the difference between much and many?
What other words could replace many in sentence 2 ?
Which of the words in italics means not many?
What do a little and little mean? What’s the difference between them?
Which words could be replace by hardly any?

I am looking for some * , on endangered species for a project I have to do

There were only * 4 people at Jim’s party last night, but we had a great time.
I’ve got % money left, so I have to go to bank and get some.
) Did you like the film? 6) Yes, I liked it
Your new furniture really stylish
I don’t have , time left. I need to leave for the airport soon.
There not enough natural / coming into the room
This job requires previous work (
There has been very rain lately
People say that no news good news.
) Where are the scissors? 6) I don’t know. I can’t find , anywhere
I didn’t but any more milk. We’ve got
How , luggage am I allowed to carry on the plane?
Who do you turn to % when you’ve got a problem?

*+/%/ . */+ /-. % $*!/ 6 *+/%/ . */+ /-. *+#2+/%% =/

Jake Heath, + % from a fascinating trip to the historic second largest island in Europe...
I ' / around the world for more than a quarter of a centruy...
I ' to several breathtaking natural wonders
Its first recorded eruption was in AD 1104 and since then there ' a series of eruptions...
They ' # / all day, that’s why they are so tired
It’s the first time . such an impressive spectacle
1 ' / games on my computer again?
I’m afraid you can’t see Mr and Mrs Heath because they / to Iceland.

The * , is used:
For actions that happened in the past but the exact time is not mentioned
For recently completed actions
For past actions whose results are obvious in the present
For actions which started in the past and continue up to the present (emphasis on the action)
With adjectives in the superlative form and expressions like the only/first/second...etc.
TIME EXPRESSIONS: used with the Present Perfect Simple
Just, ever, never, before, always, yet, already, how long, since, for, recently, lately, so far, once, twice, etc.

The * / is used:
For actions which started in the past and continue up to the present (emphasis on the duration of the
action)
For actions that happened over a period of time in the past and many have finished, but the results are
obvious in the present
To show annoyone resulting from a recent action
TIME EXPRESSIONS: used with the Present Perfect Progressive
How long, for, since, all day/morning/week, etc.
 Advanced
Advanced B2
What’s the difference between since and for?
What’s the difference between have been in sentence 3 and have gone in sentence 8?
In sentence 4, why is the Past Simple(was) appropriate in the first part of the sentence and why in the
present perfect simple (has been) appropriate in the second part of the sentence?

* 4 7 I have a few chairs for my guests (I have a few but it’s enough for me) 0 Countable
8 4 7 I have few chairs for my guests (I have few chairs but it’s enough for me) – Countable
9 I have a little milk in the fridge (I want to make a cake and it’s enoguh for me) – Uncountable
7 I have little milk in the fridge (I want to make a cake and it’s not enoguh so I have to go shopping) –
Uncountable
*: *; *
7 I have a lot of friends in Manisa. I like your meal/a lot women talk too much
1 % : – Uncountable nouns 0 I have got handly any money

%+ % / 7 / % 7 % <' /;' % "=

Jane’s job is boring

Jane is bored (with her job)

Somebody is bored if something (or somebody else) is boring. Or, if something is boring, it makes you bored.
So:
Jane is bored because her job is boring
Jane’s job boring, so Jane is bored. (not Jane is boring)
! "
George always talks about the same things. He’s really boring.

# $ $ "
My job is;
boring, I’m bored with my job
interesting, I’m not interested in my job any more
tiring, I get very tired doing my job
satisfying, I’m not satisfied with my job
depressing, etc. My job makes me depressed. etc.
In these examples, the –ing adjective tells In these examples, the –ed adjective tells you how somebody
you about the job. Feels(about the job)

Compare these examples:

Interesting; Interested;
Julia thinks politics is interesting Julia is interested in politics (not interesting in politics)
Did you meet anyone interesting at the party? Are you interested in buying a car? I’m trying to sell mine
Surprising; Surprised;
It was surprising that he passed the exam Everybody was surprised that he passed the exam
Dissapointing; Dissapointed;
The film was dissapointing We were dissapointed with the film
We expected it to be much better We expected it to be much better
Shocking; Shocked;
The news was shocking I was shocked when I heard the news

Exercises:
The film was dissapointing. We were dissapointed with the film
She enjoys her job, but it’s often exhausting. At the of a day’s work. she is often exhausted.
This weather is depressing. This weather makes me depressed. It’s silly to get depressing because of the
weather.
It will be an exciting experience for her. Going to new places is always exciting. She is really excited about
going to Mexico
I was dissapointed with the film. I had expected it to be better.
Are you interested in football?
The football match was very exciting I enjoyed it
 Advanced
Advanced B2
It’s sometimes embarrassing when you have to ask people for money
Do you easily get embarrassed ?
I had never expected to get the job. I was really amazed when I was offered it.
She has really learnt very fast. She has made astonishing progress
I didn’t find the situation funny. I was not amused.
It was a really terrifying experience. Afterwards everybody was very shocked
Why do you always look so bored? Is your life really so boring ?
He’s one of the most boring people I’ve ever met. He never stops talking and he never says anything
interessing.

He works very hard. It’s not surprising that he’s always tired.
I’ve got nothing to do. I’m bored
The teacher’s explanation was confusing. Most of the students didn’t understand it
The kitchen hadn’t been cleaned for ages. It was really disgusting
I seldom visit art galleries. I’m not particularly interested in art.
There’s no need to get annoyed just because I’m a few minutes late
The lecture was boring. I fell sleep
I’ve been working very hard all day and now I’m exhausted
I’m starting a new job next week. I’m very excited about it
Steve is very good at telling funny stories. He can be very amusing
Liz is a very interesting person. She knows a lot, she’s travelled a lot and she’s done lots of different things

, 9 > &
She is ' % (She’s influced by the situation)
The movie is ' / (The object influces the subject)

,+. -!/%
I’d always wanted to visit $ and when my friend, $ who lives in % $ invited me to her
wedding, I accept immediately.
I also went to % > ,? there’s / ,' in > , that allows visitors to get a
close look at some incredible sea creatures0 including # @
I decided to rent , ' near # $ which is about 4 9 % from 4 where I
live.
I’ve been working as for about ten years
I’ve always loved , and was thrilled when my cousin agreed to let me help him with some of
on the farm.
Which article do we use before a singular countable noun when we mention it for the first time?
Which article do we use before nouns which are specific or have been mentioned before?
Do we use an article before plural countable nouns when we refer to them in general?
Which words do not take the definite article the?

$ $ 7
" Furnishing______new flat is something that needs______time and______attention. Very______few of us ara
rich enough to be able to hire______interior decorator. ______majority of people must do it by themselves.
Nowadays, there are lots of design shops which offer______wide range of______products at affordable prices.
6" ______museum of______Modern Art in New York is______great museum. Not only does it contain beautiful
paintings by______famous artists, such as Monet and Picasso, but______building itself is also______excellent
work of______architecture.

*,%. % $*!/ 6 *,%. *+#2+/%% =/

As they 4 4 / their revolvers around, the first one % to the terrified assistant and customers:
‘Nobody move or we shoot!’
Unfortunately, when his nervous partner , %$ the first robber immediately him.
In which of the two sentences did the actions happen one after the order? Which tense is used?
In which of the two sentences did one of the actions interrupt the other? Which tense are used?
 Advanced
Advanced B2
This time last Sunday, I 4 4 ,, / in the Caribbean
When I was a boy, I often 4 % cartoons on TV
Michael % in Mexico from 1981 to 2006
It was cold and it 4 / heavily.
My former flatmate 4 always / loud heavy metal music.
I ' / a new mobile phone yesterday.
The burglar % the safe and # all the jewellery
While we 4 / dinner, we % a loud noise from upstairs
Sean 4 / the table while his wife 4 , # / the salad.

The , is used for:

Completed actions that took place at a definite time in the past
Completed actions that happened one after the other in the past
Past habits or repeated actions in the past
Permanent situations in the past
An action in the past that interrupted a ‘longer’ action in progress

The / is used for:

An action that was in progress at a definite time in the past
An action in progress in the past that was interrupted by another action
Actions happening at the same time in the past
Setting the scene when narrating
Repeated past actions or annoying past habits (with always, constantly and continually)

NOTE: % A' * , is used to describe permanent past states, past habits or repeated actions in the
past 4 %A' * , is used to describe past habits or typical behaviour in the past.

' 7 I am about to go out

;4 ' 7 I was about to go out (Sth. Happened it did not occur)
, "... The more....
The so one you prefer your homework the better you get results

# 6
In corrcet
In happy
Impatient/Imposible
illegal
Irregular

/ 7 * – harm 0 harmful, care0 careful, use – useful

/ < / = 7 less – harmless, careless, useless

. >
This is the most delicious meal
I have ever eaten
This game is not as good as the other

$
, % ,
Your English improves better and better
.
The earlier you get up, the earlier...
The more difficult .... the more....
 Advanced
Advanced B2

$#",!%
B 7 '
' '
She can swim. She is able to swim.
B %7 '
4 ;4 '
She could swim when she was young.
She was able to swim when she was young.
B % % <& = 7 * * % '
She could have passed the exam if she had studied a lot. (She did not study and she did not pass)
They could have arrived in school if their bus had not been broken.
She could not have passed the exam, if she had not studied a lot.(She studied a lot She passed)
Could she have passed the exam if she had studied?
BC 7 ' /
I must shave because I do not feel comfortable.
I must do exercise because I put on weight.
I had to shave...
9* ' /
I had to fill this application form to apply this job.
9, 7 % % <4 , " =
She must be the youngest member of the group because he is seven and all the others are teenagers.
She must be in office now because her bag is still in her desk.
BC % <& = 7 % %
She must have washed the dishes because no one else was at home.
They must have overheard/that we said us because they did not talk to us .
B 7 / % %

She can’t be Married because she does not have a ring.

That can’t be Mary because she is in London now.
B % <& = 7 / % % <4 , "%% =
That can’t have been Mary. She lived in London for two years.
They can’t have found their keys because they stayed at their friends home last night.
You can’t have seen Tom in the street yesterday
He has been in Rome since Monday.
B %< / =7* / / %
You should do some exercise to be healthy.
B % % <& = 7 / , ' '" '
You should have done some exercise before you put on weight.
He should have booked a table because they did not find any table to eat.
I should not have talked to him like that(regret)
They should have studied more to pass the exam(regret)
When she asked you, you should not have told a lie.
B C ;C / 7 '
She may/might be at home now but I am not sure.
I might rain later so take an umbrella in case.(I’m not sure)
They may not like this present but I am not sure.
B C ;C / % <& = 7 ' <. " %' . , =
% &
B %7
I need to prepare dinner for my family tonight.
I don’t need to wear uniform at weekend.
I need not to wear uniform at weekend.
B % A <& = 7
' (' )
 Advanced
Advanced B2
B % A <& =
You need to have tried to fix it because he bought a newone (You tried to fix)

* $
! * 4 / / 4 % ' # )
"/" . * ' > 4 " <4 %= 7
When a child I could play football quite well.
1 , 4 ' # ' / , "< / / =7
He may have written a book about ghosts long ago.
1 . He may be studying in his room. (when I called him)
May have been studying in his room
2. Jade can’t beat Ellen in tennis. (last weekend)
Jade couldn’t beaten Ellen in tennis last weekend.
3. She’s quite able to lift this suitcase, it isn’t heavy. (when she went on holiday)
When she was to lift this suitcase, isn’t heavy on holiday.
4. The situation is bad, but it could be worse.(yesterday)
Could have been worse yesterday
5. Nicky must be asleep now.(when his parents called at his bedroom)
_____________________________________
6. You must be tried. (you came home late yesterday)
You must have been, you came home late yesterday.
7. They can’t know many people here. (when they moved to their new house)
They can’t have known many people here, when they moved to their new house
8. My neighbour can’t be playing the trumpet. I’ve never heard him playing. (previous)
My neighbour can’t have been be playing the trumpet. I’ve never heard him playing.
9 . That man outside the cafe might be waiting for someone. (we saw last night)
That man outside the cafe might have been waiting for someone.
10. Jane looks pale, she may be ill. (on Monday)
Jane looks pale, she might have been ill.
11. You must come immediately. (when I asked you)
You must have came immediately.
12. You musn’t leave the lecture without professor’s permission. (when you were at university)
__________________________ (can’t)
13. You should apologise for talking to her like that. (yesterday)
You should have apologise for talking to her like that.
14. You shouldn’t listen to our conversation, it’s private.(last time we saw you)
__________________________ (not have)

Can’t you were not allowed to leave. You can’t have left

< > 6
You can’t go in unless you are a member. (positive sentence)
You can’t go except if you are a member. (positive sentence)
I’ll see you tomorrow unless/except if I have to work late (negative sentence)
I’ll see you tomorrow if I don’t have to work late (negative sentence)

# @ /
You can go in only if you are a member.
Only if she asks you, you can tell this event.
/ >* %

/ < % % =7 / < % / = 7 means if/ on condition that simple present tense

You can borrow my car as long as you promise not do drive fast.
(You can borrow my car but you must promise not to drive fast. This is a condition)
Travelling by car is convenient provided that have somewhere to park.
Provided that/as long as – The room is clean, I don’t mind which hotel we stay at.
 Advanced
Advanced B2
< , * 6

"
Study this example situation:
The club for members only.
You can’t go in unless you are a member.
This means:
You can’t in except if you are member. or You can go in only if you are a member.
Unless = except if

Some more examples of unless.

I’ll see you tomorrow unless I have to work late (= except if I have to work late)
There are no buses to the beach. Unless you have a car, it’s difficult to get there.(=except if you have a
car)
‘Shall I tell Liz what happened?’ ‘Not unless she asks you’. (=only if she asks you)
Sally hates complaining. She wouldn’t complain about something unless it was really bad.(=except if it
was really bad)
We can take a taxi to the restaurant – unless you’d prefer to walk. (=except if you’d prefer to walk)
Instead of unless it is often possible to say if... not:
; Unless we leave now, we’ll be late. or If we don’t leave now, we’ll...
'" / etc.
As long as or so long as/provided(that) or providing(that) – All these expressions mean ‘if’ or ‘on condition that’
For example:
You can borrow my car as long as/so long as you promise not to drive too fast. (=you can borrow my
car, but you must promise not to drive too fast – this is a condition)
Travelling by car is convenient provided(that)/providing(that) you have somewhere to park.(=but only if
you have somewhere to park)
Providing(that)/Provided(that) the room is clean, I don’t mind which hotel we stay at.(=the room must be
clean – otherwise I don’t mind),

" When you are talking about the future, do not use will after unless/as long as/so long
as/provided/providing. Use a present tense
I’m not going out unless it stops raining. (not unless it will stop)
Providing the weather is good, we’re going to have a picnic.(not providing it will be good)

Write sentences with unless:

1. The club isn’t open to everyone. You are allowed in only if you’re a member.
You aren’t allowed in the club unless you’re a member.
2. I don’t want to go to the party alone. I’m going only if you go too.
I’m not going unless you go.
3. Don’t worry about the dog. It will attack you anly if you move suddenly.
The dog unless you move suddenly.
4. Ben isn’t very talkative. He’ll speak to you only if you ask him something.
Ben will not speak unless you
5. Today is a public holiday. The doctor will see you only if it’s an emergency.
The doctor unless it’s emergency.

You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.
I’m playing tennis tomorrow unless it rains.
I’m playing tennis tomorrow providing it doesn’t rain.
I don’t mind if you come home late as long as you come in quietly.
I’m going now unless you want me to stay.
I don‘t watch TV as long as I’ve got nothing else to do.
Children are allowed to use the swimming pool provided they are with an adult.
Unless they are with an adult, children are not allowed to use the swimming pool.
We can sit here in the corner unless you’d rather sit over there by the window.
 Advanced
Advanced B2
A:Our holiday cost a lot of money.
B: Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter as long as you enjoyed yourselves.

-#$*,+ %# %
Can bicycles go * cars? (Comparing two people, things, actions, situations or ideas)
The law about hard0boiled eggs is / I have ever heard.(Comparing a person, thing, action, situation
or idea with several of the same kind)
Between 10am and 7pm there isn’t , ** early in the morning. (Comparing two people, things,
actions, situations or ideas)

The law about skirts in Italy is * , % the law about black clothes in Australia.
There is a law about chewing gum in Singapore which is / the one in Thailand.

As there were , %, accidents on the motorways, the government decided to change the law. (The
structure , * ,A %A , * , is used indicate a continual change)
we start work, we’ll finish.(The structure A , * ,$ A ,
* , is used to describe two actions or situations, one of which comes as a result of the order)

Example:
The exam was less difficult than I expected. The exam was not as difficult as I expected.
My headache kept getting worse, so I took an aspirin. % My headache was getting worse and worse so I took
an aspirin.
Yesterday it was a little cooler than it is today. / Today it is slightly warmer than it was yesterday.
I have never had a better meal. This is the best meal I’ve ever had.
As Kevin ate more popcorn, he got thirstier. The more popcorn Kevin ate the thirstier he got.
I couldn’t do any better. ' This is the best I could do.

! ! 8 .C! ; ! ! 8 ! 5D .&
We were exhausted because we % ' # / through mountainous terrain for eight hours, so we decided to
wait until morning to continue our quest. (for an action whose duration caused visible results at a later time in the
past)
Sir Henry and Gagool % % * asleep by the time the moon had risen in the sky.(for an action which
was completed before a specific point of time in the past)
Then, I remembered Sir Henry’s brother, George, who % ' / for the treasure when he was
lost.(to emphasise the duration of an action which had been going on up to a point of time in the past)
The sun % % % to set when Gagool finally exited the cave. (for an action which was completed
before another action in the past(the second action is in the Past Simple)

7#<!" > 7,% 6 7/+/ 2# 2 .#

We knew the journey 4 / / ' long and dangerous...
All I could think about was the fame and glory that the treasure 4 %' /"
What do the phrases in bold express?
a. something that we plan or intend to do in the future
b. something that we planned to do or expected to happen
c. something that happened before something else in the past

?</%. # % , " ?</%. # 7#+"%

1. What kind of events take place during the week?
2. What did Bob do to this first motorcycle?
3. Who did Lisa talk to at the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally?
4. Who still takes part in races?
a. Two girls in Elizabeth’s group do.
b. He added new parts to his motorcycle and painted it
c. Organised rides, stunt shows, races, concerts and fashion shows
d. Dave, Elizabeth and John
In which of the questions above do the question words ask about the subject of the verb?
 Advanced
Advanced B2
In which of the questions above do the question words ask about the object of the verb?

What does Bob display at the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally?

Which bikes at Bob’s stand are for sale?
1. What did John give Lisa?
2. Who did John give a brick to?
a. Lisa
b. A brick

NOTE: Certain verbs(give, offer, send, show, buy, etc.) take two objects. The direct object usually indicates a
thing and the indirect object usually indicates a person(who we do the action to or for). When asking about the
indirect object, we must put to or for at the end of the question.

1. Which film did Larry say we should see?

2. Who do I give the money to?
3. What did you say?
4. Who was on the phone just now?
5. Who did Lucy invite to her party?
6. Who do you want to buy the dress for?
7. Which of these pens is yours?
8. What caused the accident?

a. give it to me
b. the slippery road
c. I said, ‘Don’t stay up too late’.
d. James. He will call back later
e. All her friends, I think
f. Pirates of the Caribbean. He says it’s great
g. It’s for my daughter actually
h. The yellow one

<.<+/ #+$%
1. They 4 ' similar to today’s skyscrapers but they 4 ' taller and they 4 ,' places of residence
with different work environments.(predictions about the future)
2. Stop making noise or else you 4 ' in trouble.(threats and warnings)
3. I give you my word that I 4 * / your birthday again.(promises)
4 . ‘It’s Joan’s birthday tomorrow’. ‘Really? . buy her some flowers’. (spontaneous decisions)
5. ‘ me with the housework?’ ‘Sure! . the windows.’(offer and requests)

For one, 4 ,, to work or to school every day.(It won’t be necessary)

Furthermore, 4 ' ' a work or study schedule that suits your own personal needs.(It will be
possible)
Needless to say, 4 ' very responsible...(It will be necessary)

The * / is used:
For actions that will be in progress at specific time in the future
., / my cousin in Bristol next weekend.

The * * , is used:
For actions that will be completed before a specific time or another action in the future
By the end of this century, life in the city 4 / % %

The * * / is used:
To show the duration of an action up to certain point of time in the future
By next June, . 4 ' / in this house for 20 years.

The * / / is used:
For plans or decisions that have already been made or predictions based on evidence
 Advanced
Advanced B2
.,/ / ' Joe a video game. Do you think he will like it?

The expression ' <+ = ' A base form is used:

For actions that will happen very soon
The plane ' % . Please fasten your seatbelts.

The / is used:
For personal plans and arrangements
This time tomorrow 4 4 ' / on the beach.

The , is used:
For official programmes and timetables
The basketball final at 7.30pm.

. $/ -!,<%/%
You will be able to send a virtual reality image of yourself to take notes at your lecture
while you stay at home to cook dinner.
NOTE: After the words when, while, before, after, until, till, as soon as and by the time, use the Present Simple
when reffering to the future, will.

$#",! =/+;% 5
1. Will you help me with the washing;up?
2. I’m sorry sir, but you can’t smoke here.
3. I think you ought to apologise to your sister for your behaviour.
4. I could swim when I was four years old.
5. I really have to study hard for my Maths exam.
6. You don’t have to shout, I’m not deaf
7. Excuse me madam, may I use your pen?

,
! !
Can 000

# 6#
! !
Must/_____/need to had to

! ,
Can/Could/______/might

+ :
May/Can/Could/____/Would

, 6#
Should/______/had better

*
Musn’t/_______

, #
Needn’t/__________/don’t need to

NOTE:
Could expresses general ability in the past. Was/Were able to express ability in a particular situation in
the past.
Might, may and could are more formal than can when used for asking for permission
Would and could are more formal than will and can when used for making requests
Had better is stronger than should and ought to.
 Advanced
Advanced B2
Must expresses obligation coming from how the speaker feels, while have to expresses obligation
coming from external factors.

1. ‘C I inteerupt you?’ ‘Sure.’

2. They % make their reservations soon; otherwise the hotel will be full
3. ‘I’ve got really bad toothache’ ‘You % go to the dentist.’
4. You % wear a suit and tie; the dinner party is not formal
5. I can’t see the floor anymore; you really / clean this room
6. % you please turn down the volume? I am trying to concentrate on my homework
7. You , use your mobile phone during the examinations; İt’s against the rules
8. I % go to the bank yesterday to cash a cheque
9. I was so far away from the stage that I % see very well
10. You % ' wake up late again or you will lose your job.

-# " . # ,! %/ ./ -/%
" If the temperature continues to increase globally, it will become easy to grow exotic trees and plants...
Is the temperature likely to continue to increase?
Will this certainly happen?
What is the condition and what is the result of the condition?
" ...if you take a closer look, you discover that these homes of the future are like nothing you have ever seen
before
Does the example above express something likely to happen or a general truth?
Which word could be used instead of if with no change in the meaning?
" How would you feel if you lived on a giant platform on the sea or inside a giant plastic bubble under the
ocean?
Does the sentence refer to the past or the present/future?
Are you likely to live on a giant platform on the sea or inside a giant plastic bubble under the ocean?

E % = a general truth or something that always happens

* or 4 + Present Simple 0> Present Simple

% = something which is possible to happen in the present or future

If + Present Simple = will, can, must, may, might or should + base form / imperative

% = something imaginary/unreal or unlikely to happen in the present or future

If + Past Simple 0> would, could + base form

NOTE:
Unless can be used instead of if... not... in conditional sentences.
Instead of if, we can use as long as, provided/providing(that), suppose/supposing and on condition(that).
If were you is often used to express an opinion or give advice.

$#",! =/+;%
1. It , / rain later so take an umbrella just in case.
2 . Don’t worry, your brother 4 be waiting for you at the station.
3 . She be Tom’s mother; she’s too young.
4 . John , be at home now; there’s light in his bedroom.

<4 ' ' , /=

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

! ' < , / ' ' 4 =

Can / may / __________________/ could

! % % <4 , , / =
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

/ % % <4 , , / =
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
 Advanced
Advanced B2
NOTE: Might is used to express a slighter possibilty for something to happen than
may.
1. My mother , pick you up from the airport but I’m not 100% sure yet
2. Philip be serious about buying a new car; I don’t think he can afford it.
3. We , go to France next summer; we just have to wait and see if we will manage to save up enough
money
4. Alex , be the youngest member of the choir; he’s only seven and all the other members are teenagers
5. I give you my word; Martha 4 look after your cat while you are away
6. Elizabeth , / not be able to come back tomorrow because of the bad weather.
7. I think we , / find olive oil in this shop, let’s try
8. John isn’t answering the phone; he , be in the bathroom
9. Henry , be here; I’m sure I heard his voice
10. That bu Julia; she’s in London at the moment

+/!,. =/ -!,<%/%
1. Now that’s girl_________knows how to shop!
2. The island boats a number of stunning beaches,________several celebrities have been spotted soaking up
the Caribbean sun
3. Madonna,________father is a retired car engineer, owns a number of impessive cars.
4. Of course, taking a break is important to the rich and famous, many of______ choose to jet off to an exotic
destination for a well0deserved holiday
5. George Clooney, Nicolas Cage and Celine Dion were shocked by the devastation______Hurricane Katrina
caused
6. Supermodel Petra Nemcova,______survived the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, decided to establish the
Happy Hearts Fund.
7. She’s also a big fan of the new Mini Cooper,________she’s even mentioned in one of her songs!

- * / )
Give necessary information without which the meaning of the sentence is incomplete
Are not separated from the rest of the sentence by commas
In defining relative clauses we can use that instead of who or which

7% * / )
Give additional information about someone or something
Are separated from the rest of the sentence by commas
In non0defining relative clauses we use that instead of who or which

NOTE:
Prepositions usually appear at the end of defining relative clauses. When this happens, the relative
pronoun (who, which, that) can be omitted. The man(who/that) I was talking to five minutes ago is my
uncle.
In non0defining clauses and sometimes in defining clauses, prepositions appear at the beginning of the
relative clause. In this case, only whom or which can be used after the prepositions. That tall man, to
whom I was talking five minutes ago, is my uncle.

*,+. - *!/ -!,<%/%

The actress has confessed to owning at least hundred pairs of shoes, % / about forty pairs % / % by
her favourite shoe designer, Manolo Blahnik.
1. Which of the following clauses can be used to replace including?
a. because they include
b. which include
2. Which of the following clauses can be used to replace designed?
a. which designed
b. which were designed
 Advanced
Advanced B2
NOTE: The present participle(base form+ ;ing) can be used to replace a relative
clause in the active voice, while the past participle can be used to replace a relative clause in
the passive voice.
1. The olive oil_____(produce) in this region is of very good quality.
2. There are several hotels in the area ________(offer) luxurious accommodation
3. The girl______(talk) to my brother is my cousin Emma
4. Soups_____(make) with fresh ingredients are very tasty
5. Students_____(not pass) the test will have to take it again
6. I would like to see the photos_______(take) during our holiday
7. All the letters_____(write) by the new secretary need rewriting
8. All the actors_____(take) part in this play are brilliant
9. There were lots of people backstage after the concert_____(complain) about the sound quality
10. You will also get a cap and backpack______(include) in the price of the holiday

. =/% , " > 2 #+$%

1. If you 4 a show...
2. The audience wears plastic ponchos them from things like food and paint...
3. If you + / / tı theatrical performances...
4. It is a musical 4 / /.
5. STOMP an impression on anyone...
6. / this performance is a unique experience
7. I am not sure 4 / tonight
8. . % / so much on a theatre ticket
9. They were * * , such strange props
10. They ( %, / to the concert

a. Infinitive expressing purpose

b. verb + infinitive
c. verb + object + infinitive
d. verb be + adjective + infinitive
e. question word + infinitive
f. the first/second/last/best + infinitive
g. verb + 0ing form
h. expression + 0ing form
i. preposition + 0ing form
j. –ing form used as subject

1. I will go on acting in the theatre as long as I live

2. I will go on to present our next performer
a. I will continue the same activity
b. I will continue with something else
3. We stopped buying Time Out ages ago
4. We stopped to buy the latest issue of Time Out
a. We bought Time Out after we stopped doing something else
b. We used to buy Time Out but we stopped doing it
5. I regret not telling you the truth
6. I regret to tell you that the show has already started
a. I’m sorry to say something
b. I have second thoughts about a past event
7. He tried to lift the box but he couldn’t
8. He tried drinking some camomile to help him sleep
a. He made an effort
b. He did something to see what effect it would have
9. You must remember to get me an autograph
10. Do you remember getting an autograph from Shakira?
a. You remember a past event
b. You remember something you are supposed to do
 Advanced
Advanced B2
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 Advanced
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 Advanced
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* % meat, sugar, cheese, butter, chicken, chocolate, etc.
> % milk, gold, paper, glass, iron, leather, etc.
' love, help, freedom, time, information, news, advice, health
comminication, work, experience, traffic, business, etc.
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Steve's is dark There are dog of the sofa
My room doesn't get much / The / are on, but there's nobody home
This isn't a diamond, it's just / Have you seen my / anywhere?
This table is made of 4 % Would you like to go for a walk in the 4 % G
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 Advanced
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 Advanced
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 Advanced
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 Advanced
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had you worked? had she slept?
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TIME EXPRESSIONS: already, ever, never, just, when, by the time, after, by, before,
etc.

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I had been working He had been sleeping
had you been working? had she been sleeping?
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TIME EXPRESSIONS: already, by the time, for, since, after, before, when, how long,
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 Advanced
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Will you work? Will she sleep?
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Are you going to work? Is she going to leave?
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TIME EXPRESSIONS: tomorrow, tonight, next month/year/week/Tuesday, etc.
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 Advanced
Advanced B2
%' * * & ! .? &
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Will you have worked? Will she have slept?
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TIME EXPRESSIONS: by+a point in time, by the time, by then, before, etc.

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 Advanced
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 Advanced
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 Advanced
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 Advanced
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served with cakes(by them)
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me) last year.
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renovated.
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 Advanced
Advanced B2
%- $ #+ + %+ $+ ! * * # % : ; -
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NOTE: That can be omitted, especially in spoken English.

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 Advanced
Advanced B2
%6 ( ( - !" # & * *
!
NOTE: Though is used in spoken English and it can be placed at the beginning or at
the end of the sentence.

-
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98 4
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* &D
Alan said,’I’m havin a shower.’ Alan said he was ahving a shower.
* &D
Lars said,’I saw a bear behind the tree.’ Lars said he had seen a bear behind the tree.
 Advanced
Advanced B2
* &D
Tim said,’I’ve seen the Loch Ness monster.’ Tim said he had seen the Loch Ness
monster.
* &D
Andy said, ‘I’ve been waiting for an hour.’ Andy said he had been waiting for an hour.
7 &D
Dan said, ‘I’ll call you later.’ Dan said he would call me later.
- &D
Mina said, ‘I can show you the way.’ Mina said she should me the way.

- 5 &D - C
Diane said, ‘If we take a taxi, we’ll get there sooner.’ Diane said if they took a taxi,
they would get there sooner.
$ &D
Paula said, ‘I may go to Brazil.’ Paula said she might go to Brazil.
$ &D
Jim said, ‘You must work hard.’ Jim said I had to work hard.
&D
Mandy said, ‘I’ll talk to him now!’ Mandy said she would talk to him then.
. &D
Tom said, ‘We’re meeting Tim today.’ Tom said they were meeting Tim that day.
4 &D 6
Danny said, ‘I visited my lawyer yesterday.’ Danny said he had visited his lawyer the
previous day.
/ % -> %
Mark said, ‘I haven’t eaten anything since this morning.’ Mark said he hadn’t eaten
anything since this morning.
0 &D
Eric said, ‘I saw it here.’ Eric said he had seen it there.
. &D 6
Sally said, ‘I’m flying to Paris tomorrow.’ Sally said she was flying to Paris the
following day.
, &D
Ben said, ‘I bought this car two days ago.’ Ben said he had bought the car two days
before.
! 6 &D 6 6
Dave said, ‘I called Mandy last week.’ Dave said that he had called Mandy the
previous week.
# $ % -> $ %
Gary said, ‘I’ll return the book next week.’ Gary said he would return the book the
following week.
98 4
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 Advanced
Advanced B2
+ - + :
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# ! MK ? % + +? ! :O $ % !
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+ H? - $% ! - $% $ !

% =
There are a number of special introductory verbs used in Reported Speech.
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, %! , % ** % * !
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 Advanced
Advanced B2
%' @ ( 1 &
% !.? % # !
%' ( * !" $ * # 1 !@" A
NOTE: In the Unreal Past we usually use were instead of was.

:
%' ( 1 & & ?
!.# . $ # !. ? &!
%' ( * ! .?
% * !" $ * $ # * % !

When some words expressions(usually with a negative or a restrictive meaning) are at

the beginning of a sentence, the sentence is formed like a question(the auxiliary is placed
before the subject). This is called inversion and is used for emphasis.

7 /
Never(before) Never in my life had I felt so embarrassed.
6 % 6 % !
7 9 . # % % & $ # 0
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9 !!! 8 % & % % !
8 % 9 % . $ + . # # !
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9 @ A 9 . # + . # # !
9 . # % * # !
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=%
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,**/ " @
) -
Subject: a brief phrase that indicates what the content of the e(mail is.
D & *: * & !, * !@41 IK 4 +A
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7 & & ** *: * & !2 % * * !@41 I "
% !) A
 Advanced
Advanced B2
A $
6
I’d like to invite you to...
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)
That would be great!
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9
I’m afraid I can’t come because...
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I’m sorry that...
.? % !!!
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It’s fantastic that...
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/ $
I’d like to thank you...
$ * !!!
3 % $ * !!!
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4#
I’d rather...
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 Advanced
Advanced B2

,
) @ $
%
Position of the 92 Park Lane Your address:
person you Epsom on the right0hand
are writing to Surrey KT18 2LR side of the page
and/or name of (without your
company(start 18 June 20.... name).
one line below The Personnel Manager Date: below the
the date). Waterstones Bookstore address, leaving
Address of the 103 Brunswick St a blank line in
person or Canterbury between.
company you Kent KT20 68R
are writing to Paragraphing:
Dear Sir or Madam,/Dear Mr Jones, You can indent
Greeting: on the (see informal
left0hand side of letter) or write
the page(leave a in blocked
blank line before paragraphs
and the after the leaving a blank
greeting). line it between
Signing off: on the paragraphs.
the left0hand Note that when
side of the page, using blocked
followed by a paragraphs,
comma everything begins
Your signature Yours faithfully, / Yours sincerely, on the left0hand
and your full side of the page,
name clearly except your
written address and the
underneath. Jill Thomas (Ms) date.

98 4 . * +# % ? $ # * % # & + & # 9
' + # A %' % $ # * % # & + &
# 9 + + + + 9 ( # A %. ; 4 & +A
A % !
. F)4 4))4 41 # % !
 Advanced
Advanced B2
2 6 6
<
K 7 +
K 3 +
K 7 3 +
K 4 +
'
I am writing regard/in response to the article in your newspaper/magazine about...
.* . # % 1 % !
. # & 1 % . % # & L !!!
%
B * * %+
B %+
B %+

, $
/
Before, before long, when, as soon as, just as, the moment that, while, as during, in the
meantime, immediately, after, afterwards, after that, later, some time later, soon, then, in the
beginning, at first, in the end, finally, eventually, at last, until, by the time.

Although, even though, in spite of, despite, however, no matter how/what, whatever,
but, while, whereas, nevertheless, regardless of.
: - "
So... that,such... that, therefore, so, otherwise, for this reason, under the circumstances,
consequently, as a consequence, as a result.
-:
Because(of), as, since, due to, owing to.
4
In fact, as a matter of fact, actually, to tell you the truth, strangely enough.

/ 6
It was to good to be true.
. # & * % !
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 Advanced
Advanced B2
% !!!
@2 A * %!!!
' !!!
= % % !!!
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,% & ! ; *
A semi(formal letter is written to a person you know but he/she is not a friend or
relative of yours.
. :* + & # 9 + + + 9 ( # 9 ( #
A ) 1 1 A ( & & *
* %!

, /
A $
,
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)
In addition to this, furthermore, moreover, what is more, also, apart from this, besides,
another point worth mentioning is
< #
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4#
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4#
= @ *A+ + + + # &
4# "
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In my opinion/view, personally, I believe, the way I see it, from my point of view, I
am in favour of, my belief is that.

, #+$,! !/../+ ;,%/" # *+#$*.%

) " %

Greeting: on the left(hand side of the page(e.g. Dear Bill, Dear Mum).
Put a comma after the name. Exp; Dear Betty,
Indent paragraphs: start the first line of each paragraph under the comma.
Signing off: towards the middle of the page(e.g. Love, Best wishes). Don’t forget the
comma followed by your first name written underneath. Exp; Love, Jill.
Your address: on the right(hand side of the page(not always necessary)
Exp; 92 Park Lane/Epsom/Surrey KT18 2LR
Date: below the address. Exp; 18 June 20....
In the FCE and ECCE Examinations students are told not to write any addresses.

2 6 6
2 1
Dear Tom
Dearest Jane
Advanced
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Dear Mum
Dear Aunt Sue
Hi Karen!
Hello Bill!
NOT: Dear brother, Dear friend, Dear cousin
% 1
How are you(keeping)?
I hope you’re fine.
What have you been up to?
I haven’t heard from you for ages.
It was nice to hear from you.
Thank you/Thanks for your letter.
Sorry I haven’t written for so long.
It’s taken me ages to reply, but...
I’ve been meaning to write back, but...
Just thought I’d drop you a line.
% 1
Well, I think that’s about it.
Well, that’s all for now.
Well, I’d better finish off here.
I must go now.
Write soon.
Waiting for your letter.
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
See you soon.
Keep in touch.
Give my love/regards to everyone.
% 1
Yours
Love
All my love
Best wishes
All the best
Lots of kisses
Take care
Bye for now

4 6 1
, 1
I’d like to know...
I was wondering about...
I want to find out...
Could you tell me...
2 1
I want to tell you...
About the information you asked for...
You should know...
I have to say that...
/ 1
 Advanced
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I agree that...
You are right about...
# 1
I could...
I’d be more than glad to...
If you don’t mind, I’ll...

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 Advanced
Advanced B2
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TRAVELLER LEVEL B2 – TEST BOOKLET – FINAL TEST

Copyright © 2012 Erkan Tosun
.
5 =#-,;<!,+4
-
5 When we at the airport, Jenna’s flight had already landed and she was waiting for us in
the café.
arrived reached got approached
C Beatrice said that working as a is enjoyable in every aspect, apart from the
fact that you have to work outdoors.
chambermaid stewardess tour guide travel agent
E After a week on the yacht, Joshua was happy to be on again.
shore coast beach sea
F When the weather was nice, she liked to go for a walk in the early morning .
blizzard mist downpour heatwave
G The he made online cost him an arm and a leg.
acquisition profit purchase damage
H Joe Donne has been with murder and is expected to serve many years in prison.
charged convicted blamed sentenced
I The hijacker said he would release all the if the police satisfied his demands.
victims witnesses jury hostages
J A new villa is being built the outskirts of the city.
in on at into
K Bill and Denise decided to get married but they haven’t a date yet.
put set thought held
5A Everyone likes my cooking. Gerard is just the exception the rule.
of in to from
55 Vivian had a very busy year, because she was in several theatrical performances.
concentrated related involved specialised
5C Although they were told to keep their voices , they were still very noisy.
back down off on
5E Students should attend all lectures without .
delay warning doubt fail
5F The windmills were such an sight that tourists could not stop taking pictures of them.
impressed impressive impression impress
5G Stuart at his mother’s photo for a second and then continued reading his novel.
gazed stared glanced watched
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5H The financial scandal, which was revealed right before the Election Day, received a lot of .
advertisement commercial publicity announcement
5I Some of the of working for this company are private health insurance, an annual
bonus and commuting expenses.
donations rewards incomes perks
5J We while the artist painted Lisa’s portrait.
observed viewed noticed admired
5K I would love to stay and chat, but I am in because my train leaves in about an hour.
advance a hurry time brief
CA The doctor said my mother’s blood sugar levels were perfectly .
normal physical common average
C5 The government is planning to a satellite into space next month.
remove launch shoot eject
CC Being a figure can often mean that you have to give up your personal life.
celebrity star fabulous public
CE How did it come that you got a job in Dubai?
into up with round about
CF Bob was going to propose to Alexandra last night, but in the end he and decided to
wait a bit longer.
turned a blind eye was all ears broke a leg got cold feet
CG What meanings do you think the writer is trying to ?
connect transport convey transfer
CH Although I don’t like using credit cards, they come if you run out of cash.
in handy into effect into power to light
CI Joe’s family never believed he would be capable murder.
for of off to
CJ Throughout her childhood, Denise strove to make her father proud her.
about of in for
CK Steve didn’t at work and didn’t even call to let the boss know he wasn’t coming.
end up take up catch up show up
EA To meet the deadline we must stop wasting time and get .
down to business the sack even on our nerves
E5 Geraniums bring memories of my happy childhood in the village.
up back in round
EC Her parents have been putting a lot of on her to get a part0time job.
effort money pressure blame
EE They all agreed that Stephanie might not be perfect, but has a lot of .
possibility potential probability likelihood

C 2+,$$,+
-
5 Where these past three years?
do you work you have worked are you working have you been working
C Although it is quite unbelievable, these days his diet of watermelon only.
is consisting consists has been consisting was consisting
E The police seem to think that the victim when the burglary took place.
had been sleeping slept was sleeping has been sleeping
F that Mercedes car?
Who does own Who owns Who is owning Who did own
G By 2018 a new airport in the capital.
will build will have been built will be building will have been building
H Students be careful when going down the stairs.
ought to need could would
I On condition that they make an effort, they it in time.
make will have made might make had to make
J I met three journalists, two of had recently been to Georgia.
which those whose whom
K It is important to notify me one week before you .
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arrive are arriving will arrive have arrived
5A Would you be interested in our new product?
to try try trying having tried
55 They had a chance of surviving if they had found water.
should have might have must have can’t have
5C Mandy was seen the building at five in the morning.
having left leave to leave to have left
5E Some years ago, Betsy Sanders a great singer.
was thought to be was thought she is was thought of bein thought to be
5F The director at Mr Clean at the moment.
is washing his car has his car washed is having his car washed had his car washed
5G You will lose the case you find a better lawyer.
provided if not unless as long as
5H Because of the hurricane we not to leave the building under any circumstances.
have told have been told tell will have told
5I If only the car I want to buy less expensive!
is has been were can be
5J It’s time for him how to drive.
learn learnt to learn learning
5K My cat by my sister while I’m away.
is taking care of is being taken care of took care of has taken care of
CA Never speak to people you don’t know.
should you you should you shouldn’t shouldn’t you
C5 what the professor was talking about?
Do you understand Are you understanding Understand You have understood
CC The candidate was unsuccessful as he had previous working experience and did not
hold a postgraduate degree.
hardly little plenty few
CE The neighbours so much noise that it is very hard to sleep!
make always are always making do always make have always made
CF late for work, which makes a bad impression on all her colleagues.
Linda always is Linda is always Linda does always Always Linda is
CG They said they regretted us that our application had been rejected.
informed informing to inform to have informed
CH By the doctor’s orders, you are harming yourself.
don’t follow not to follow not following not follow
CI It was expensive house to maintain that the owners had to sell it.
so such too such an
CJ his bad health, he is very active.
However Although In spite Despite
CK The manager suggested some days off.
to take take taking having taken
EA ‘It was a mistake to become a teacher. I wish I Architecture,’ said Stephen.
studied had studied have studied would study
E5 Ken was the second person his mother in hospital.
to visit visiting have visited visit
EC We each other since primary school.
are known have been knowing have known knew
EE The phone all afternoon and I haven’t had time for a cup of coffee yet.
has rung had rung has been ringing rings

E +/," 2
+ - %
- ,&0 .
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Copenhagen0The fairytale city
Copenhagen is a perfect weekend break destination for anyone who wants to
enjoy art, culture, and beautiful architecture. Copenhagen is the capital of
Denmark and it is one of Europe’s most charming cities.
" Over the centuries, fishing and trading turned the place into a
prosperous town and in 1343 King Valdemar Atterdag made it the capital of
Denmark.
The city of Copenhagen and the surrounding areas have many different
things to offer visitors including museums, art galleries, restaurants, botanical
gardens, the Tivoli Gardens and lots more. It is located about 40
minutes outside the city in a 19th century villa which is built on a hillside which
slopes downwards to the sea. It has an excellent collection of international contemporary art and
various
interesting temporary exhibitions. Also, the Black Diamond, Denmark’s striking Royal Library, is well
worth a
visit. The outside of the building is made of glass and marble and it houses a concert hall and
waterfront café. Another building worth visiting while in the city is the new Opera House, which is built
on the
waterfront and is a magnificent example of modern architecture. 8
There is a bright spacious public area where you can enjoy views over the water and inside the
building is a
traditional horseshoe0shaped auditorium decorated with warm colours.
A trip to Copenhagen would be incomplete without visiting the Little Mermaid. She was
created in honour of the Danish author, Hans Christian Andersen, who entertained children around the
world
with his fairytales. The story of the mermaid who rescued a shipwrecked prince is particularly well0
known.
You can also easily combine a trip to Denmark with a visit to Sweden. D" Built in 2000, it is one
of the longest structures in Europe.
Copenhagen is a pretty city with a medieval atmosphere, the houses are tall and thin and there are
plenty of boutiques and coffee shops in the city centre. " Hotels are affordable compared with other
Scandinavian capitals and there are plenty of restaurants to enjoy traditional Danish cuisine. In
addition, you
will be given a warm welcome by the friendly Danish people who are well0known for their hospitality.

, A walk around its streets is a visual delight, with striking architecture to be found around every
corner.
; The sculpture sits on a rock in the Copenhagen harbour and is admired by thousands of tourists all
year
round.
- One attraction worth seeing is the Louisiana Art Gallery.
" Tivoli Gardens is Denmark’s world famous theme park which has entertainment for kids and adults,
including
rides, an aquarium, a theatre and a concert hall.
/ The city has had a colourful history, starting off as a small fishing village located on the east coast
of
Denmark’s largest island.
The most convenient way of reaching it is by boat, which adds an element of glamour to the
experience.
2 You just cross over the Oresund Bridge which links the two countries.
0 It is the largest in Scandinavia and contains many historical treasures.
Advanced
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F ! %./ 2
4 : 5&H

5 You overhear a conversation. How do fashion recycling parties benefit the environment?
% , * '' %* "
They raise money for charity.
They are an economical way to get designer clothes.
C You overhear a conversation. What is the purpose of the therapeutic gardening course?
to keep troubled teens in school
to help improve students' marks
% * ' ' ,
E. You overhear a conversation. What does the man believe?
To like art you have to understand it.
, * ( "
Objects in paintings can symbolise more than one thing.
F You overhear a conversation. What did the man not enjoy on his holiday?
the music
, %
the desert
G You overhear a conversation. What did the man think of the play?
It was silly.
The set was realistic.
It was entertaining.
H You overhear a conversation. What does the man say about meditation?
Anybody can do it.
It # , / ' "
It takes a long time to feel its benefits.

" #$%
Make time for
Roll up sb’s sleeves
Jump the gun
Talk things over
Make a living
Twist sb’s arm
Things are looking up
Pick up
Full of oneself
Talk into
Give sb the cold shoulder
By far
Advanced
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Advanced
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# # -

Arguably, some of the issues addressed by One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest are not as
relevant in 2006 as they were in the mid(1970s, but that realization in no way diminishes the
film's dramatic impact. This was the second English language film for Czech(born filmmaker
Milos Forman, who would go on to win two Oscars (one for this movie and one for
Amadeus), and was the picture that catapulted him onto the A(list for directors. The negative
aspects of mental health care impugned by One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest are largely no
longer in place today (electroconvulsive therapy is rarely used, frontal lobotomies are not
performed), but the film's other themes are germane. On the surface, the movie is about the
struggle of wills between patient R.P. McMurphy (Jack Nicholson) and Nurse Ratched
(Louise Fletcher). Beneath the surface, it's about the attempts of an autocratic force to squash
the individual.

Jail is a frequent residence for McMurphy, whose latest conviction is for statutory rape.
Rather than spending time behind bars, he decides it might be easier to serve his time in a
psychiatric hospital, so he "plays mad." The plan works, but McMurphy soon discovers that
life isn't so great in an asylum. The rules are looser, but some of the privileges he associated
with prison ( like being able to watch the World Series on TV ( do not apply. Undaunted,
McMurphy begins to make himself the most popular man in the ward, appealing to types as
diverse as the diminutive, talkative Martini (Danny DeVito) and the tall deaf(mute American
Indian, who is known as "The Chief" (Will Sampson). There to thwart McMurphy at every
turn is Nurse Ratched, whose methods of treatment are so proscribed by rules and regulations
that she can't see she's sometimes doing more harm than good.

The most evident conflict throughout One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is that between
Ratched and McMurphy. They are natural antagonists. She's a strait(laced, by the book
individual and he's a freespirit and rule breaker who pushes the envelope at every opportunity.
(The reason he's in prison is evidence of that ( having sex with a 15(year old.) For much of the
film, they probe one another, each winning minor skirmishes. As the narrative accelerates
toward its conclusion, McMurphy risks all in a final gambit. When he loses, we know it's over
for him. For all that she is the film's villain, Ratched is not inherently malevolent. She's cool
and unemotional, but she believes what she is doing is for the betterment of the patients. She's
one of those individuals who does bad things while thinking she's doing good. That makes her
more complex and interesting than a character who represents evil incarnate.

On a less concrete level, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is about an issue that was
prominent in the 1970s (and has re(asserted itself with some force in the 2000s): the struggle
of the individual against the establishment. This is a standard theme for movies and literature;
what's different here is that the establishment wins. After McMurphy, representing the fly in
the ointment, wins an occasional engagement, he is ruthlessly crushed. Ratched is victorious,
as she must be in a tale like this. Like Terry Gilliam's Brazil, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's
Nest is a cautionary allegory of what happens when too much power is ceded to the
government. In the Watergate atmosphere of the Nixon administration, this theme resonated
forcefully. 30 years later, with many traits of Nixon's presidency replicated in the George W.
Advanced
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Bush administration, this aspect of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (unlike that of the state
of mental health care) has relevance.

The film's single sequence that arguably doesn't work is one that some consider their favorite.
In it, McMurphy escapes and takes a group of the mental patients on a fishing trip. Forman
was initially against including this and had to be "talked into it" by producers Michael
Douglas and Saul Zaentz. I believe his first instincts were correct. It has a whimsical, fairy
tale(like quality that carries the scent of emotional dishonesty. Here, the ward patients are
viewed not as individuals but as "cute" caricatures. The feel(good nature of the "vacation"
marginalizes them as human beings. There's so much truth to be found in the rest of the
production that this portion of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest feels forced and artificial.

The film's ending is unsurprisingly its strongest aspect. McMurphy's fate, presented in such an
uncompromising manner, is like a punch to the gut, and the last true act of friendship shown
to him by Chief brings a tear to the eye. The final scene is meant to be cathartic, but it doesn't
seem that way. Although it's accurate to say that freedom has been attained by both Chief and
McMurphy (albeit in different ways), it's hard to see the conclusion as anything but a cloud
with a silver lining. For a film that is inspiring and upbeat for most of its running length, this
change in tone leaves the viewer disoriented.

As portrayed by Jack Nicholson, McMurphy is one of cinema's iconic characters, so it may

come as a surprise to learn that Nicholson was not the filmmakers' first choice. He was
number three on the list, and was only offered the part after it was turned down by Gene
Hackman and Marlon Brando. In 1975, Nicholson's star was on the rise. He had already been
nominated for four Oscars and critics were atwitter about his work in Roman Polanski's
Chinatown. For the actor, McMurphy would be the role that provided the final boost into
superstardom. One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest led to Nicholson's initial Best Actor win, the
first of three (to(date). It's a top(flight performance, with the performer bringing out the
humor and pathos in McMurphy's situation and showing that a sane man, when trapped in a
ward full of insane compatriots, might easily go a little crazy.

In bringing Nurse Ratched to life, Louise Fletcher elected not to take the over(the(top
approach of developing the character into a harridan. Instead, she portrayed McMurphy's
adversary as an inflexible woman who believed in what she was doing. Self(righteousness,
not sadism, is her flaw. This interpretation earned Fletcher an Oscar as well, although her
post(One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest career didn't follow the same trajectory as Nicholson's.
This would be her only nomination. Future movies included Firestarter and Flowers in the
Attic.

Other notable participants include Danny DeVito, Vincent Schiavelli, and Christopher Lloyd,
none of whom were name actors at the time they made the movie. This was the first part for
Brad Dourif, who was nominated for an Oscar, but did not win. The pivotal role of Chief was
played by Will Sampson, a Native American with no previous acting experience. One Flew
Over the Cuckoo's Nest began a 12(year career for the big man that ended with his death in
1987. He was picked out of obscurity by the filmmakers because he was the only American
Indian they discovered who matched the description of Chief as a giant of a man.

Ken Kesey, who wrote the book upon which the 1963 Broadway play and the subsequent
movie were based, was displeased with the screenplay credited to Bo Goldman and Lawrence
Advanced
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Hauben (Milos Forman also had a hand in writing it). He felt it detoured too far from what he
had written, and refused to participate in publicizing the finished product. Nevertheless, One
Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest became one of the most celebrated movies of the 1970s,
winning the "Big Five" Academy Awards (Actor, Actress, Director, Picture, and Screenplay)
and being nominated for an additional four. Although the picture has not aged as well as some
of its contemporaries, its themes remain germane, the story has lost none of its punch, and the
performances retain their freshness. Viewed 30 years after its release, One Flew Over the
Cuckoo's Nest remains a very good motion picture, although one that perhaps just misses the
pinnacle of greatness where its reputation suggests it resides.

How to Write Complaint Letters

Letters of complaint usually include the following stages:

1. Background
2. Problem ( cause and effect
3. Solution
4. Warning (optional)
5. Closing

6. Background
This section describes the situation; e.g.
I am writing to inform you that the goods we
ordered from your company have not been
supplied correctly.
I attended your exhibition Sound Systems 2012
2012 at the Fortune Hotel (22(25 January) and
found it informative and interesting.
Unfortunately, my enjoyment of the event was
spoiled by a number of organisational problems.
I am a shareholder of Sunshine Bank and I am
very concerned regarding recent newspaper
reports on the financial situation of the bank.
Your company is listed as the auditor in the
latest annual report of the bank, so I am writing
to you to ask for an explanation of the following
issues.
I am writing to inform you of my dissatisfaction
with the food and drinks at the 'European
Restaurant' on 18 January this year.
7. Problem
Cause:
On 14 September 2012 we placed an order with
with your firm for 12,000 ultra super long(life
Advanced
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batteries. The consignment arrived yesterday but
contained only 1,200 batteries.
Firstly, I had difficulty in registering to attend
the event. You set up an on(line registration
facility, but I found the facility totally
unworkable.
You sent us an invoice for $10,532, but did not
deduct our usual 10% discount.
We have found 16 spelling errors and 2 mis(
labelled diagrams in the sample book.

Effect:

This error put our firm in a difficult position, as

we had to make some emergency purchases to
fulfil our commitments to all our customers. This
caused us considerable inconvenience.
Even after spending several wasted hours trying
to register in this way, the computer would not
accept my application.
I am therefore returning the invoice to you for
correction.
This large number of errors is unacceptable to
our customers, and we are therefore unable to
sell these books.
8. Solution
I am writing to ask you to please make up the
shortfall immediately and to ensure that such
errors do not happen again.
Could I please ask you to look into these matters.
Please send us a corrected invoice for $9,479
I enclose a copy of the book with the errors
highlighted. Please re(print the book and send it
to us by next Friday.

9. Warning (optional)
Otherwise, we may have to look elsewhere for
our supplies.
I'm afraid that if these conditions are not met, we
may be forced to take legal action.
If the outstanding fees are not paid by Tuesday, 2
Tuesday, 2 October 2012, you will incur a 10%
late payment fee.

10. Closing
I look forward to receiving your explanation of
these matters.
I look forward to receiving your payment.
I look forward to hearing from you shortly.
Advanced
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*
The tone of complaint letters should not be aggressive or
insulting, as this would annoy the reader and not encourage
them to solve the problem. In addition, questions such as 'Why
can't you get this right?' should not be included.

The content should contain enough details so that the

receiver does not have to write back requesting more.
Legal action is not normally threatened in the first letter
of complaint, unless the situation is very serious.

2
317 Orchard Road
Singapore
21 September 2012

Attn: Mr David Choi

Sales Manager
Everlong Batteries
171 Choi Hung Road
Hung Hom
Hong Kong

Dear Mr Choi

+ # IHJ5KI

I am writing to inform you that the goods we ordered

from your company have not been supplied correctly.

On 14 September 2012 we placed an order with your

firm for 12,000 ultra super long(life batteries. The
consignment arrived yesterday but contained only 1,200
batteries.

This error put our firm in a difficult position, as we had

to make some emergency purchases to fulfil our
commitments to all our customers. This caused us
considerable inconvenience.

I am writing to ask you to please make up the shortfall

immediately and to ensure that such errors do not happen
Advanced
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again. Otherwise, we may have to look elsewhere for our

supplies.

I look forward to hearing from you by return.

Yours sincerely

J. Wong
Purchasing Officer

The first step to resolving problems is nearly always to contact the trader. It is a good idea to
formally put your concerns in writing—that way, the seller is clearly aware of the problem
and what you want, and you also have a record of your contact.

Your letter should:

describe your problem and the outcome you want. Focus on the main details.
include key dates, such as when you purchased the goods or services and
when the problem occurred
identify what action you have already taken to have the problem fixed (such as
going back to the shop where you purchased the product or service)
outline the steps you will take if you and the seller cannot resolve the problem
(for example making a complaint to the ACCC or the consumer protection
agency in your state or territory)
ask for a response within a reasonable time—for example two weeks or 10
business days
attach a copy of any supporting relevant documentation such as a receipt or
invoice.
0

How you set out your letter will depend on what the problem is, however here is a template
letter which might help you.

[Your name]

[Your address]

[Email and/or phone]

Dear Manager
Advanced
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Re: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROBLEM—REASON FOR WRITING

Tell the business that you have a problem with goods or services that were bought from them
and that you are writing to seek a remedy.

Explain the problem, but just focus on the key details. You should also mention when and
where you made the purchase and when you discovered the problem.

Next, outline the steps you may have already taken to get the problem fixed, such as a
telephone call or a visit to the store. Note who you spoke to and the results, if any, of your
efforts.

Then describe what you would like the business to do about the problem—a refund, a
replacement or a similar product to the same value from a different manufacturer.

Be sure to enclose copies of any relevant documentation such as receipts or proof of

purchase.

Finish your letter with a full list of possible contact addresses or phone numbers where you
can be contacted, particularly during business hours, and reinforce that you expect to hear
from the business within a reasonable timeframe.

Yours sincerely

Your name

7 &

Here is an example of how a letter might look when it's finished.

[Your name]

[Your address]

[Email and/or phone]

[Date]

Dear Manager

RE: FAULTY TELEVISION CABINET

I am unhappy with the quality of a television cabinet I bought at [insert store address] on
[insert date] and I am writing to seek a remedy.

The cabinet doors do not open and shut properly and the stain on the cabinet is uneven, with
one half darker than the other. The cabinet was delivered on [insert date] and I noticed this
problem as soon as I unpacked it from the box.
Advanced
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I feel this is not of acceptable quality and does not match the sample cabinet I was shown in
store. I would like you to replace it with one of the same quality and finish as the sample and
arrange for return of the faulty cabinet at no cost.

I have attached a photocopy of my receipt as proof of purchase.

I would like to have this problem resolved quickly. If I do not hear from you by [insert date or
within 10 days], I will consider lodging a formal complaint with [name of your local
consumer protection agency].

I can be contacted on [work phone number] during working hours or after hours on
[home/mobile phone number] to discuss this matter further.

Yours sincerely,

[Your name]

Enclosed: Copy of the receipt for television cabinet

): .6:4 /:) /

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Advanced
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This is the VOA Special English Technology Report.

The Obama administration last week announced a plan to protect Internet users in the United States.
The administration has proposed what it calls a Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights. The bill is meant to
give Americans more control over their personal information.
President Obama said last Thursday that “never has privacy been more important than today, in the
age of Internet, the World Wide Web and smartphones.”
Under the Privacy Bill of Rights, Americans would have more control over what personal data
companies collect from them and how they use it. It also would require the companies to be more
open about their privacy and security policies.
Darren Hayes is head of the Computer Information Systems Program at Pace University in New York.
He says many countries in Europe and Asia already have online privacy laws in place.
DARREN HAYES: “I think that, you know, this legislation is just, it’s long overdue. I think that in its
present form it looks very effective and I think that it is a step in the right direction and the average
online user does need more transparency and more control over the use of their information.”
Professor Hayes says the Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights holds companies like Facebook and Google
to a higher level of responsibility.
DARREN HAYES: “I think in practical terms it’s going to make online companies more accountable for
what they do. It also seeks to provide more transparency about how third parties are sharing their
information and give the user, hopefully, the ability to opt out of having their information shared.”
The new measures are part of a larger government effort to improve online privacy. The administration
has urged Congress to pass federal legislation in support of the measures. It also wants lawmakers to
give the Federal Trade Commission and state attorneys general additional powers to enforce the
measures. Professor Hayes says the effectiveness of the bill will depend strongly on that.
DARREN HAYES: “What’s also going to be important about this legislation are the penalties and fines
that will ultimately be imposed for non0compliance.”
Also last week, a group of Internet browser companies agreed to support plans for adding “do0not0
track” technology to their web browsers. The group agreed not to use tracking information to target
personalized ads to users who do not wish to be identified. The companies will, however, still collect
the information.
And that's the VOA Special English Technology Report, written by June Simms. For a link to our report
on Google’s new privacy policies, which are set to take effect on March first, go to
voaspecialenglish.com. While there, you can also find transcripts, MP3s and podcasts of our reports.
I'm Steve Ember

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This is the VOA Special English Economics Report.

European finance ministers agreed to loan Greece about one hundred seventy0two billion dollars this
week at a meeting in Brussels. Luxembourg's Prime Minister, Jean0Claude Juncker, announced the
agreement on Tuesday.
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JEAN0CLAUDE JUNCKER: “After a meeting of at least, I think, thirteen or fourteen hours, we have
reached a far0reaching agreement on Greece’s new program and private sector involvement that will
lead to a very significant debt reduction for Greece.”
Under the plan, Greece’s private creditors will lose more than half of the face value of their
investments. The agreement also means the country will receive its second financial rescue in less
than two years.
The new loans will likely let the Greek government make a nineteen billion dollar payment on its debt
by March twentieth.
Now, Greece must negotiate the terms of its loans with individual banks and other investors. But these
creditors will have to hurry. Greece can dictate its own terms once it reaches agreement with two
thirds of its creditors.
Not everyone believes Greece will be able to repay its loans. The Fitch financial services company cut
the credit rating of Greece on Wednesday. Fitch said, it remains "highly likely" the country will fail to
meet its financial responsibilities.
The Greek parliament has agreed to the idea of spending and job cuts demanded by the European
Union and the International Monetary Fund. Parliament must now pass all seventy0nine measures
included in a reform plan before getting the rescue loans. Prime Minister Lucas Papademos has said
his country has a lot of work to do before it can receive new aid.
At the same time, protests continue in Greece over budget0cutting measures. Many Greeks say they
have sacrificed enough.
But Greece’s EU neighbors are unlikely to release new loans until the budget cuts are in place. The
head of the EU delegation to the United States, Ambassador Joao Vale de Almeida, told VOA that the
EU has learned a lot from the crisis.
JOAO VALE DE ALMEIDA: “I think we learned a lot about the means that we need to have to deal
with emergency situations. We didn't have them before. We created, we developed them to deal with
the cases like Greece and a few other countries. Secondly, we learned that our governance system
was not yet at the right level of sophistication, and we are in fact changing a lot; if not, there is a small
revolution going on inside the euro area in the way we deal with what we call the economic
governance. There is a lot being changed.”
And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report. To read and hear more health news for people
learning English, and for transcripts, MP3s and now PDFs of our programs for e0readers, go to
voaspecialenglish.com. I'm Mario Ritter.
Contributing: Mil Arcega

- ? .
A Part of Conversation Questions for the ESL Classroom.

Why do people use terror?

What terror actions do you remember?
What should be done to prevent terror?
Are you afraid of traveling because of terror?
Why is terror used more in some countries than others?
Do you know of any forms of terror other than bombs?
Have you been a victim of terror?
Do you think terror is justified?
How has airline travel been affected by terrorism?
What do you think of airport security?
Have you ever been patted down?
Have you ever had a body scan?
What do you think security personnel think when they see you in a body
scanner?
Is violence ever okay?
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Where were you during the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center buildings in
New York City?
Are terror tactics ever effective? When?
What is the difference between a 'freedom fighter' and a 'terrorist'? Is there a
difference?
Is it possible for governments to cause terror? If so, give examples.
In your own words define the word "terrorism."
What is terrorism about?
Race?
Religion?
Nationality?
Can you name any terrorist groups?
Can you name any fugitive terrorists?
How do terrorist groups operate?
What methods/tactics do terrorists use?
Why do people commit terrorist acts?
How much do you know about the Catholic/Protestant/Islamic religions?
Is religion to blame for the increase in world terrorism? If so, how much?
Which countries have been accused of harboring terrorists?
Which countries have been victims of terrorist plots?
What specific terrorist acts can you recall?
Who's winning the war on terrorism?
What do you believe is the best way to deal with terrorism?
What can governments do to eradicate world terrorism?
What kind of power could be given to special terrorist operations task0forces?
Would you ever consider committing suicide for the sake of a cause you
believe in?
What cause would you fight for?
Where do terrorists get their money and weapons from?
If the money was right, would you work in a known terrorist0plagued state?
Are governments listening hard enough to extremists? If not, why not?
How much do you believe extremists are open to dialogue with Governing
bodies?
In your opinion will terrorism spread or decline in the future?
Do you know anything about terrorist activities?
Have you ever seen a terrorist?
Do you have a friend of terrorist?
What do you know about suicide bombers?
Do you think that abusing a group of people can make them into terrorists?

If you can think of another good question for this list, please add it.

http://iteslj.org/questions/
Copyright © 1997(2009 by The Internet TESL Journal
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COMMON ENGLISH MISTAKES :)

Because English is such a complex language, it is fraught with traps that we all frequently fall
into. With this list I hope to clear up at least a few of the confusing words we use every day.
This is a list of some of the more common errors people make with English.

1. Practice / Practise

In US English, practice is used as either a verb (doing word), or noun (naming word). Hence,
a doctor has a practice, and a person practices the violin. In UK english, practice is a noun,
and practise is a verb. A doctor has a practice, but his daughter practises the piano.
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2. Bought / Brought

Bought relates to buying something. Brought relates to bringing something. For example, I
bought a bottle of wine which had been brought over from France. The easy way to remember
which is which is that bring start with ‘br’ and brought also does. Buy and bought start with
‘b’ only. This is one of those difficult ones that a spelling checker won’t catch.

3. Your / You’re

Your means “belonging to you”. You’re means “you are”. The simplest way to work out the
correct one to use is to read out your sentence. For example, if you say “you’re jeans look
nice” expand the apostrophe. The expanded sentence would read “you are jeans look nice” –
obviously nonsensical. Remember, in English, the apostrophe often denotes an abbreviation.

4. Its / It’s

As in the case above, the apostrophe denotes an abbreviation: it’s = it is. Its means “belongs
to it”. The confusion arises here because we also use an apostrophe in English to denote
possession – except in this case; if you want to say “the cat’s bag” you say “its bag” not “it’s
bag”. “It’s” always means “it is” or “it has”. “It’s a hot day.” “it’s been fun seeing you.”

5. Two / To / Too

With a ‘w’ it means the number 2. With one ‘o’ it refers to direction: ‘to France’. With two
‘o’s it means “also” or refers to quantity – for example: “There is too much money”. A good
way to remember this one is that too has two ‘o’s – ie, it has more ‘o’s than ‘to’ – therefore it
refers to quantity.

6. Desert / Dessert

This is a confusing one because in English an ‘s’ on its own is frequently pronounced like a
‘z’ and two ‘s’s are usually pronounced as a n ‘s’ (for example: prise, prissy). In this case,
desert follow the rule – it means a large stretch of sand. However, dessert is pronounced “dez(
urt” with the emphasis on the second syllable – ie, something we eat as part of our meal. To
make matters worse, when a person leaves the army without permission, it is spelt desert. So,
let’s sum up:
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desert (pronounced dez’(it): dry land
desert (pronounced dez(urt’): abandon
dessert (pronounced dez(urt’): yum yum! – remember, two ‘s’s because you want second
helpings!

Oh – one more thing – another very common mistake is using the word dessert (two ‘s’s) to
mean pudding – pudding is a sweet course, often consisting of some kind of cake or icecream.
Dessert is fruit or cheese – normally taken after the pudding course.

7. Dryer / Drier

If your clothes are wet, put them in a clothes dryer. That will make them drier. A hair dryer
also makes hair drier.

8. Chose / Choose

This is actually quite an easy one to remember – in English we generally pronounce ‘oo’ as it
is written – such as “moo”. The same rule applies here: choose is pronounced as it is written
(with a ‘z’ sound for the ‘s’) – and chose is said like “nose”. Therefore, if you had to choose
to visit Timbuktu, chances are you chose to fly there. Chose is the past tense, choose is the
present tense.

9. Lose / Loose

This one is confusing. In this case, contrary to normal rules of English, the single ‘s’ in loose
is pronounced like an ‘s’ – as in wearing trousers that are too loose. Lose on the other hand,
relates to loss – for example: “I hope we don’t lose this game”. A good way to remember this
is that in the word “lose” you have lost the second ‘o’ from loose. If you can’t remember a
rule that simple, you are a loser!

10. Literally
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This one is not only often used in error, it is incredibly annoying when it is used in the wrong
way. Literally means “it really happened” – therefore, unless you live on a parallel universe
with different rules of physics, you can not say “he literally flew out the door”. Saying
someone “flew out the door” is speaking figuratively – you could say “he figuratively flew
out the door” but figuratively is generally implied when you describe something impossible.
Literally can only be used in the case of facts – for example: he literally exploded after
swallowing the grenade. If he did, indeed, swallow the grenade and explode – that last
sentence is perfectly correct. It would not be correct to say “she annoyed him and he literally
exploded” unless she is Wonder Woman and her anger can cause people to blow up.

Bonus: I could care less

I have to add this one as a bonus because it is one I especially hate. When you say “I could
care less” you are saying “I care a little so I could care less”. Most people when using this
horrific sentence mean to say “I couldn’t care less” which means “I care so little I could not
care less”.

Bonus 2: Ironic

Isn’t it ironic? Actually, no, most of the time it is not. Irony, in its true form, is when you state
something to a person who does not understand what you truly mean, but another person does.
Essentially, it makes the hearer the brunt of the joke without their being aware of it. This is
called dramatic or tragic irony because it originated on the stage where the audience knew
what was happening but the victim on stage did not. The most sustained example of dramatic
irony is undoubtedly Sophocles’ Oedipus Rex, in which Oedipus searches to find the
murderer of the former king of Thebes, only to discover that it is himself, a fact the audience
has known all along.

Another form of irony is Socratic irony, in which the person pretends to be ignorant of a
subject in order to truly show the ignorance of the person with whom he is arguing.

Unfortunately, poor Alanis Morissette had no clue when she said “it’s a free ride when you’ve
already paid” or “it’s like rain on your wedding day”. This is not irony – it is misfortune or
coincidence.

To sum it up, basically Irony is a figure of speech in which what is stated is not what is meant.
Sarcasm can be a type of Irony.

Face to Face with Angelina Jolie

With her adopted son, she travels the world making movies—and
dispensing hope.
By Sara Davidson
From Reader’s Digest
Source: Reader's Digest
Date: November 2004
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Angelina Jolie lives in two worlds: Hollywood, where she makes movies and stays in five0star hotels, and the refugee
camps of Africa and Asia, where she works with the UN, bringing hope to the homeless. She feels most alive, most
herself, she says, working with the people who've endured great losses yet still feel grateful for life.

At 24, Jolie won an Oscar for playing a sociopath in Girl, Interrupted but found little satifaction in stardom or the wealth
that came with it. The daughter of actor John Voight and actress Marcheline Bertrand, she had already seen the
downside of celebrity0her parents divorced when Jolie was a toddler. And she now says the exploits of her wild0child
youth were mostly an attempt to fill an emptiness she felt inside. After she finished shooting Lara Croft: Tomb Raider,
Jolie volunteered to be a UN ambassador and returned to Cambodia to visit refugee camps. She found a calling, and
realized that her fame and money could be used to accomplish a world of good.

Now the mother of son Maddox, 3, whom she adopted in Cambodia, Angelina Jolie hopes to adopt more children. We
caught up with her in Beverly Hills on a day away from the set. She talked to us about her role as the mother of
Alexander the Great (played by Colin Farrell) in her new movie, Alexander, her passion for helping the dispossessed,
and her longing for a partner with whom she might share it all.

RD: Did you always want children?

AJ: I always felt that I wasn't going to be a mother. I knew that to be a parent, nothing about me could be self destructive,
or unsure day to day. I never thought I could be that balanced.

RD: So your son helped you find the balance?

AJ: He did calm me down, and I have a sense of peace. It made me tougher, because I changed my life overnight, to
make our life better. It's the greatest thing that ever happened in my life, my son.

RD: You first saw Maddox when you went to Cambodia for the UN. Did he pick you, or did you pick him?
AJ: I think it was mutual. I had never held a baby in my life. I was one of those women0people would say, "Do you want to
hold my baby?" and I was like "No..."
There were about 14 kids in the orphanage, and he was the last child I saw. They put him in my arms, and he was still
asleep. Then they put him in a bath, and he stayed asleep. Then I sat with him and he opened his eyes and just stared at
me for the longest time. Then he smiled.

RD: How old was he?

AJ: Three months when I met him, seven months when he came home.

RD: Was it a big adjustment?

AJ: I felt like I needed to earn being a mother, so in some ways I made it overly difficult. In our house, no one helped me.
I'd shower while Maddox was in a bouncy thing, or try to brush my teeth with him attached to me. A few times, I came
down in a blanket without a shirt on, because I couldn't figure out how to do it while I was holding him.

RD: Your marriage to Billy Bob Thornton was breaking up around then.
AJ: Yes, it was a difficult time for my marriage, but it was the happiest time in my life as a woman.

RD: I read that Billy Bob said about you, "I was afraid of her. She was too beautiful, too smart. She had too much
integrity. I felt small next to her." Are men afraid of you?
AJ: I'm not very settled. The positive side of that is I'm on fire all the time, to try anything. The negative side is there isn't
a lot of time for me to sit and watch a movie and hold hands. I tend to not be inside my relationships. I tend to be more
focused on the world. It takes a certain kind of man to love those things.

RD: Does a child need a father?

AJ: I have men in my life. I have a brother. So Maddox will have male teachers. I was raised without a father.

RD: But you knew who your father was. You saw him sometimes.
AJ: Yeah, but I don't necessarily think that's better. I didn't have a good relationship with my father. Growning up, I saw
my mother very stressed, often, and crying a lot. I didn't want that for my son. I believe the only people that should be
around a child and raising a child are people who absolutely, 100 percent love that child.

RD: Your father said recently that he wants to reconcile and repair the damage he's done. Are you interested?
AJ: No, no. I think it's not something you tell the press; I think it's something you do in your private life. Fortunately, I got
to a place in my life where I realized that, no matter what he said, I was a good person, and a good friend, and I am a
good person, and I am a good mother. And because I'm an adoptive mother, I don't see blood as family. I see time and
love0you earn it. You can't just call yourself a father.
I don't hate my father. I don't blame him for divorcing my mother, or having affairs. He went off path. I don't respect the
way he treated my family as I was growing up. But we survived, and we're a good family. I just don't want to dedicate one
more tear, or watch my mother cry one more time.

RD: Your son has gone from being an orphan in a poor village to the adored son of a movie star. You know what the
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challenges are of being a movie star's child. How are you going to deal with that?
AJ: He will occassionally be a part of Hollywood, and visit me on the set. But he will know what the real world is, and how
much his mother cares about that. He travels with me on all my UN trips. He's already got two passports0his first one's
full.

RD: Do you want to adopt again?

AJ: I have a dream of having children from around the world and letting them grow up together. I'm going to see how I
handle two or three, because I'm a single mother, and it's not easy. I'd love to have eight, but I don't know if I could.

RD: Tell us about your work in the refugee camps, and your work with the UN.
AJ: It wasn't intentional. I went to Cambodia for Tomb Raider, and it dawned on me how much I didn't know, that there
was a country where I couldn't walk in certain areas because it was riddled with land mines. Then I learned that my own
country hadn't signed a treaty to ban land mines. I traveled more and began reading. I read about the UNHCR0United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. You realize there were refugees since the dawn of time. Nearly 20 million
people are under the care of the UNHCR. I thought, how is that possible?

RD: You've started foundations...

AJ: I have the Maddox Relief Project, which deals with Cambodia and my Jolie Foundation, which helps children in
orphanages. Then there's an animal orphanage in Namibia I work with.

RD: Do you work in places in the United States that have needs?
AJ: I 'm part Native American0Iroquois Indian on my mother's side, I have an organization called the All Tribes
Foundation that's been trying to do a lot with Pine Ridge reservation, working through the elders. And I sponsor a poster
contest every year in grade schools. Students draw pictures for Refugees Day in Washington. To get thousands of
children thinking about that issue is great. If there's a kid in school that's from another country, instead of making fun,
maybe they'll be more open to where he came from, or what he fought through.

RD: Do you get puzzled stares in Hollywood for your involvement in this work?
AJ: I'll get, " What are you reading?" I'll say, "Oh, something about Burma." And they'll say something like." That's great.
Are you going on vacation?" There are a lot of good people, too, and I'd like to find a way they could help. I had a fund0
raiser at my house for [banning] land mines a few years ago. There were 40 people and great speakers. I think the
money raised by all those people, who had quite a lot of money, was maybe twice what I paid to put the event together.
So if the party was $2,000, it raised $4,000. I know the money I have have. I know what those people have. I was kind of
disheartened that there was not as much generosity. So I haven't had another fund0raiser. I'd rather just give it from my
own pocket.

RD: Does being a celebrity give you a platform?

AJ: It allows me to do certain things. If I do a movie like Tomb Raider, with a big audience, it probably helps me. If I
decide to go visit a school in the middle of Kenya, or Russia, the kids will be excited. That's better than having an Oscar.
I went through a depression when I was first famous, because what was I famous for? I didn't do anything great. And I
didn't discover anything wonderful.
When I'm in a refugee camp, my spirit feels better there than anywhere else in the world, because I am surrounded by
such truth, and family. I feel so connected to just simply being a human being. In these countries, they don't know who I
am. I am useful as a woman who's willing to spend a day in the dirt. Maybe it was important for me to know that.

RD: Tell us about your new movie, Alexander. What drew you to the character you play?
AJ: She's a very interesting mother. She won't allow Alexander to grow up with any fear. She wants him to be extremely
hard and brutal; she encourages violence.It was at a time in history when, if he wasn't strong in battle, he could get killed.
Today, we can raise our sons to do what they love, even if they're not great at it. She had to raise a son for greatness,
because that was how he was going to survive.

RD: You had a pretty rough youth.

AJ: Like everybody, I went through a teen stage, mine probably in some ways worse than others.

RD: You once had an interest in cutting yourself, of drawing your own blood.
AJ: I think it's hard for average people to understand things like that. I forever wanted to feel more alive. I did turn to the
cutting, and the blood, because then your heart's pumping, and you're bleeding. You're alive.

RD: Was there a time when you didn't want to live?

AJ: Absolutely. I felt very empty inside. I felt like nothing mattered to me. I still have a long way to go in figuring out who I
am, but I know I can be of use to others. I can help give a voice to people who aren't as able to speak for themselves. I
can be a mom0and I know what my son's life would be like if I didn't make that choice. I feel useful in my life.

RD: Did the refugee camps change your perspective?

AJ: Oh, God, yeah. I really had no idea of the imbalance of the world, and how fortunate I was. My neighbors in
Cambodia are land mine victims, and they never complain about anything. They play music; they smile; they raise their
 Advanced
Advanced B2
kids. They all work together. You put them next to somebody who's stuck on the freeway on his way to his big office, and
it puts the world in a totally different perspective.

RD: Is there anything you haven't done that you'd like to do?
AJ: I'm sure I will live a life of great adventure. I will help where I can. The one thing I am not sure of is if I will do it alone.
I would like to believe that I'm going to share my life with somebody, one day. There's something bittersweet when you
wake up in the middle of the night, or something amazing happens0 your son walks for the first time0and you don't have
that other person who's going to remember that forever with you. That's kind of the one sadness. But if I only get one
great love in my life, him being my son, I'll take him.

RD: And if you get another love, what will he be like?

AJ: The kind of man I could be with one day would have to be an amazing father, compassionate, strong, independent
individual. I want somebody who demands I be better than what I am today. I don't have that with anyone in my life
except my son. My son somehow thinks I can do everything

+ " 0
% : State the issue using your own words
1. What most troubles........is the growing number of............
2. Many.......say
3. It is often believed/said that....... knowledge that......
4. It is true that.....
5. It is common
6. It musn’t be

- , : Present arguments for and against, giving examples whenever possible.

# /)
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" Secondly/then/Next/furthermore/Besides.../Thus.../
" Thirdy/In the third place/
" Lastly/finally/eventually/In the end/last but not least

4 % ) To turn to/Now/As for.../Concerning.../As regards.../With reference to.../It follows that/

* , ) morever/what is more/in addition/besides/above all/in the same way/Indeed.../
( ) Instead/contrary to/On the contrary/On the one hand on the other hand/In comparison/In
contrast/whereas.../
% ** ) In otherwords/rather/to put it more simply/
/ ' ) obviously/Clearly/naturally/Of course/As can be expected/surely/After all/
D / ( , ) for example/for instance/asw follows/namely.../In other words.../
) however/Nevertheless/Even though/and yet/
1 4 ) One should bear in mind that.../It is worth mentioning that.../One can hardly deny that.../
; > ) consequently.../As a consequence.../so.../therefore.../as a result.../Because of this.../
This leads us to think.../This caused people to.../

4
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 Advanced
Advanced B2

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,
A sylum: akıl hastanesi
Absence: yokluk
Absence : yokluk
Abuse to: maruz kalmak
Acceptable: kabul edilebilir
Accomplish: ba^armak
Accomplish: ba^armak
According: planladığı gibi gitmek
Accuse SUÇLAMAK
Achieve: ba^arı
Acknowledged: doğrulamak
Acquired: gerekli
Activity: ya^am alanı
Adjusted: uyum sağlamak
Admire: hayranlık
Adopt: evlat edinmek
adored: hayranlık
Aduocate SAVUNMAK
Advantage: avantaj
Adventurer: maceraperest
Advice : öneri
Affect: etkilemek
Almost: neredeyse
Advanced
Advanced B2
Alone: yalnız
Ambassor: elçi
Amusing: eğlendirici
Announced: duyurmak
Annoying: musallat
Annoying: can sıkıcı
Anonymous: belirli açık
Antagonist/villion: kötü karakter
Anymore: artık
Anymore: artık
Anything: herhangi bir ^ey
Anyway: yine de
Anywhere: herhangi bir yer
Anywhere: herhangi bir yer
Approached: yakla^ılan
Appropriate: uygun
Appropriate: uygun
Arrest: kanıt
Arrested: tutuklamak
Assess: değerlendirmek
At present: ^u anda
Attempt: saldırı
Attempt: giri^im
Attended: katılmak
Attitudes: tutum(değerlendirme)
Attiudes: tutum
Attracts: çekmek
Audience: seyirci
Aunt: hala, teyze, yenge

6
Bachelor: BEKAR, ÜNİVERSİTE MEZUNU
Banning: yasaklamak
Barely speak: çok zor
Bath: küvez
Be used to: alı^kın olmak
Beach: kumsal
Because of: yüzünden
Behave: davranmak
Being: olmak
Belittle: küçümsemek
Belt: KEMER
Better: daha
Between: arasında
Beyond: ötesinde
biased: ön yargı
Bittersweet: acı tatlı
Black Mail: fANTAJ
Blackmail: ^antaj
Blacksmith: çilingirci
Blizzard: kar
Bouncy: be^ik
Boundaries: kesip atmak
Advanced
Advanced B2
Break the law: kanunları çiğnemek
Breathtaking: nefes kesen
Brick: tuğla
Broke into: hırsızlık amaçlı
Broken hard: kalp kırmak
Budget BÜTÇE
Burglary: ev soygunu

Calm me down: sakinle^tirmek

Care: ilgilenmek
Cashpoint: ödeme (atm)
Caused: bu yüzden
Cave: mağara
Celebrate : Kutlamak
Celebrate: kutlamak
Celebrity: ünlü
Cemetery MEZARLIK
Certainly: Mutlaka
Challenges: zorluk
Chamber: oda
Changeable: deği^ken
Circumstances: bazı durumlarda
Circumtances: durum
Claim İDDİA ETMEK
Claims: iddia
Clearly: açıkça
Climate: iklim
Coal: kömür
Coast: deniz kıyısı
Coherence: tutarlılık
Come to mind : Aklına gelmek
Commit suicide: intihar etmek
Competioner: yarı^macı
Competition: yarı^ma
Concerns: ilgi
Concluded: sonuçlandırmak
Condition: ko^ul
Conducted: yönetmek
Confess İTİRAF
Confessed: itiraf etmek
Confusing: karı^ıtıran
Conservative: muhafazakar
Consider: dü^ünmek
Consist: olu^mak
Consult DANIfMAK
Countryside: kırık
Court: mahkumiyet
Criminal record: sabıka
Curled up: kıvranmak
Currently: ^imdi
Cut oneself one something: kendimi kestim
dammed: lanetlenmi^
Advanced
Advanced B2

-
Damned/cursed: lanetli
Dashboard ÇAMURLUK
Daylight: azlık
dazzling: etkileyici
Deal with: ilgilenmek
Deceive: kandırmak
Deceive KANDIRMAK
Decided: karar vermek
Delighted: memnun
demand: istek
Denial: redetmek
Desire: arzulamak
Desperate: çaresiz
Destiny: kader
Diamond: elmas
Disaster: felaket
Disgusting: iğrenç
Dispossessed: kimsesiz
Dissapeared: yok olmak
Dissapoint : hayal kırıklığı
Distant: uzak yol
Distribution: dağıtım
Distruptive: rahatsız edici
Divides: ayırmak
Donate: bağı^lamak
Doubt: ^üphe
Down of time: zamanın ba^ından
Downpour: sağnak yağı^
Downside: kötü tarafı
Dreadful: deh^et verici
Dreadful KORKUNÇ
Dungeon: zindan

Each: her bir

Each other: birbirini
eager: sabırsız
Eager SABIRSIZ
Earn: kazanmak
Election: seçim
Electro therapy:
Eluded: kaçırmak
Elusiveness: belirsizlik
Embassy: elçilik
Embassy ELÇİLİK
Advanced
Advanced B2
emotional: duygusal
Emptiness: bo^luk
Encourage: cesaret
Encourge CESARETLENDİRMEK
Endure/put up with: katlanmak
Enemy: dü^Man
Enforced: uygulamak
Engaged: ni^anlı
Enterpreneur: giri^imci
Enterprise: giri^im
Entertain: eğlenmek
Envy: kıskanmak
Envy: özenmek
Eruption: faaliyet
Especially: özellikle
Essay: denemek
Establish: olu^turmak
Estimate: tahmin etmek
Evaluate: değerlendirmek
Event: olay
Ever branch: her alan
Everything: her^ey
Evidence: delil
Exaggerate: abartmak
Examine: incelemek
Examine: bakılmalı
Examine: incelemek
Except: hariç
Except: hariç
Exciting: heyecan
Exclimed: haykırmak
Exhausted: çok yorgun
Exhausting: çok yorucu
Exhibition: arz
Exist: var olmak
Expect: ummak
Exploits: eksiklik
Extraordinary: olağan dı^ı

8
False agenda: suni gündem
Fans: fan
Fate: kader
Fiction: öykü
Figure out: hesaplamak
fingertips: parmak izi
Fog: sis
forced: güç
Forgery: sahtekarlık
Fortnightly: iki hafta
Fortune0teller: falcı
Fouccault:
found a calling: sebep bulmak
Advanced
Advanced B2
Foundation: vakıf
Franchise ACENTELİK , BAYİLİK
Fraud: yolsuzluk
Freedom: özgürlük
Freewill: özgür irade
Freezing: çok soğuk
Frozen : donmak
Funded phone: ^irket telefonu

D
Game: oyun
Gentle: yumu^ak
Getto: toplama kampı
glaciers: buzul
Gloomy corner: kuytu kö^e
Glow: alev
Go through with: devam etmek
Grab: yakalamak
Granted: hafife almak

1
Hacking: hacklemek
halt: durmak
happiness: mutluluk
Hardly: nadiren
Harness: yaymak
Harvest HASAT
He acts as if/as though + past tense(he was mad): gibi yapmak
Heatwave: sıcak dalgası
Hijack: hava korsanı
hikind: görünmeyen
Hold up:
Homeless: evsiz
Honest: dürüst
Humid: rutubet

.
Identify: belirlemek
Ignorance: cahillik
Immigrant: göçmen
Advanced
Advanced B2
In case: olur diye
Indicate: göstermek
Indication: belirti
Inevitable: kaçınılmaz
Inspection TEFTİf
Interaction: etkile^me
Interprete: yorum yapmak
Intimidating: göz dağı vermek
Invoice FATURA
Is set in: bi yerde geçer
immediately: etkilenmek
incredible: inanılmaz
indulge: dahil olmak
inside: iç
inspected: denetlemek
inspector: müfetti^
intensely: yoğun
intentional: niyet
investigate: soru^turma
İnvestigating: ara^tırma (suç)
issue: konu

H
Jail: hapishane
Jealous of: kıskanmak
Justice ADALET

I
Kidnapping: insan taciri

Lack: azlık
Landlord EV SAHİBİ
Landspace: manzara
Latecomers: daha sonra öğrenen
Laughed: gülmek
Lava desert: tepecik
Legend: efsane
Let's say: diyelim ki
Letting: izin vermek
Advanced
Advanced B2
lit a lamp: lambayı yakmak
Litter: çöp
Litter: çöp atmak
Loan KREDİ ÇEKMEK
Lobotomy:
Local grocer: bakkal
Lonely: kimsesiz
Longing: özlem
Loss: kayıp

C
Made up : olu^mak
Majority: çoğunluk
Majority: çoğunluk
Make fun of: dalga geçmek
Make off: alıp kaçmak
Manage: ba^arı elde etmek
Marched down: yol almak
Marched down: yakalamak
Marvellous MUHTEfEM
Massive: çok büyük
Match: maç
Meausres: dikkate almak
Merchandise TİCARET
Mines: maden ocağı
Minority: azınlık
Minority: azınlık
Missing: kayıp
Mist: sis
Murder: cinayet
Must: çok gerekli
Mutual: kar^ılıklı

Narrating: hikaye anlatmak

Nation : Ulusal
National: ulusal
Natural Gas: DOĞAL GAZ
Near: kıyı
Nearby: yakında
Nervous: sinirli
No way: imkansız
Nonetheless: fakat
Nothing: hiç bir ^ey
Notice: farkına varmak
Numerous: sayısız
Advanced
Advanced B2

5
Obey: itaat
Obvious: belli
Occasionally: çoğunlukla
Only: sadece
Opinion: görü^
Opposed: kar^ı olmak
Oriental: doğuya ait
Orphanage: yetimhane
Overcome: a^ırı derce hissetmek

!
Paradox: ters dü^mek
Participants: katılımcı
Passed away: vefat etmek
Passion: tutku
Patted: ok^amak
Penalty: ceza
permissible: izin verilmeli
Perpective: perspektif
Perpetual: süregelen
Pharmacy: eczane
Picking out: seçmek
Pillow: yastık
Plague: salgın
Plead guitly: suçu kabul etmek
Pleasure: zevk
Poetic: ^iirsel
Prejudiced: ön yargılı
Presentation: sunma
Press charges: baskı yapmak
Pressure: baskı
Pretended: gibi yapmak
Prevent: önlemek
prevent: önlemek
Pride: gurur
Probably: büyük ihtimalle
Proceed: ilerlemek
Productivity: üreticilik
Profit: kâr
Property: mal
Protaganist: ba^ karakter
Pulse: sinyal
Punctual DAKİK
Advanced
Advanced B2

0
qarrel: tartı^ma
Qualities: nitelik
Quarrel TARTIfMAK
Quest: ara^tırma
Questionaire: anket
Queue SIRA

Race: yarı^
Raised: yetistirmek
Rape: tecavüz
Rare: nadir
Rat: sıçan
Realised: farkına varmak
Realize: farketmek
Realized: farketmek
Reason: neden
Recently: son zamanlarda
Redues: azaltmak
Refuge: sığınacak yer
Refuqee: mülteci
Regarding: ilgili
Regardless: olmaksızın
Religion : Dini
Religion: dini
Religion: din
Reluctantly: isteksiz
Remained: kalmak
Remarkable: dikkat eden
Response: tepki
Responsibility: sorumluluk
Revolvers: küçük tabanca
riddled: delik de^ik
Robber: soygun
Robber: soyguncu
Roots: köken
Rub SİLMEK
Rushed into: bir yere dalmak
Advanced
Advanced B2

Sailor: denizci
Scheduled: plan
Sea0sick: deniz tutması
Seek: aramak
Seized: kaçmak
Serve time : yatmak (hapsihanede)
Set out: yola koyulmak
Settle down: yerle^mek
Several: bir çok
Sewage tank: kanalizasyon
Shed blood: kan dökmek
Shoplift: dükkan soygunu
Shore: kıyı
Shortage: kıtlık
Should be: yapılmalı
Shower: sağnak yağı^
Sight: görü^
Signifaciant: önemli
Silly: aptal
Single: tek(not married)
Situations: durum
Skeleton: iskelet
Smokeless: dumansız
Sociopath: sosyopat
solve: çözmek
Something: bir ^ey
Sought: aramak
Spectacular: gösteri^li
Spectators: taraftar
Spirit: ruh
Spoit : bozmak
Spontaneously: aniden
Spouting: fı^kırmak
Stand out: farkedilebilir
Stared: uzun bakmak
Stereotype: farklı insan
Still: hala
Still: hala
Stimulating: yüreklendiren
Storm: fırtına
Strong: kuvvetli
Strong support: güçlü destek
Stuck on: takılı kalmak
Succed: ba^arı
Sue: dava açmak
Suffer: acı çekmek
Suffocate: boğmak
Supersituation: batıl inanç
Support: desteklemek
Survey: anket
Suspect: ^üphelenmek
Advanced
Advanced B2
Swan Lake: Kuğu Gölü

Take apart: parçalara ayırmak

Take part: yer almak
Take place: konunun geçtiği yer
Takeaway: alıp götürmek
Takeover: darbe
Target: hedef
Tasty: lezzetli
Tear: yırtmak
Temperature: sıcaklık
Terrain: yer
Terrible: korkunç
Terrified: deh^et
Test: sınav
Theft: hırsızlık
Therefore: bu yüzden
Though: rağmen
Throat BOĞAZ
Thunderstorms: ^iddetli rüzgar
Tie : Bağlamak
Time: zaman
Told: söylemek
Told: söylemek
Tortue: i^kence
Torture İfKENCE
Tossing: dönüp dolanmak
Tougher: daha sert
Tradition: gelenek
Transcend: geçmek
Trapped: kapana kısılımak
Treasure: define
Treaty: anla^ma
Truth: gerçek
Turned out: olması

Undermining: dikkate almak

Unfortunately: ne yazık ki
Unique: oldukça
Unique: e^siz
Unpleasant: ho^ olmayan
Urgently: hemen
Advanced
Advanced B2

&
Veil: ba^ örtüsü
Versus: kar^ısında/kar^ıt
Victim: kurban
Victim: kurban
Villain: acımasız
Violence: i^kence
Volunteered: gönüllü

Warehouse AMBAR
Waving: sallamak
Weapon: silah
Weapon: silah
Weather: hava
Wet: nem
Whereas: buna kar^ılık
Whistle ISLIK ÇALMAK
Willing: istekli
Wiolence: ^iddet
Withdrew: çekmek
Withness: tanık olmak
Wonder: harika
Wonder: harika
Worse: kötü

3
Yet/but: ama
Advanced
Advanced B2
Advanced
Advanced B2

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