LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITYTY,

Faculty of Social Sciences,

Department of Political Science.

POL 401;
MILITARY AND POLITICS IN AFRICA

TOPICS

-EXPLICATE ON THE TYPOLOGIES OF MILITARY REGIME WITH COGENT EXAMPLES

-
HOW REVOLUTIONARY WERE THE GADAFI REGIME OF LIBYA AND THOMAS SANKARA REGIME OF
BURKINA FASO?

LECTURER-IN-CHARGE
Dr. MOSHOOD Abdul-Wasi
Abdulsalam Oyindamola K. 180631001

Adebowale Kehinde Temitayo 180130006

Adebowale Taiwo Temitope 180130007

Israel Oluwatosin Jesuton 180130044

Faleti Deborah oluwatoyin 180631022

Bakare opeyemi olarewaju 180631019

Ibrahim Qudus Olamilekan 180631027

Bada Oyindamola Mistura 190631126

Owoebute Azeezat Titilayo 180130086

Lediju Fatimah Damilola 180130057

Bello Quwamdeen Adewale 190631128

Fashanu Qudus Omobolaji 180631024

Oluwadimu Adam Adisa 180631039

ADENEYE RUTH 180631007

Salau Mustapha tunde 180631048

Adejumo AMINAT Folake. 180631005

Adedayo Sheriff Olaitan 180631004

Edu Habeeb Abiodun 180130029

Makanjuola Latifat Bukola 190631130

Quadri lawal olasunkanmi 180631046

Ogunbiyi Oluwagbemiga Elijah 180631034

Adekunbi Abdulrasheed Olamiposi 180631006

Samsondeen Fatimah Bolatito 180130092

Ogoegbunam onyinye Michelle 180130070

Omoboye Adegoke Abel 180631041

- Avungbeto Oluwatosin B. 180631017

Onunkwo ifunanya Catherine 180130083

Hassan Barakat Adeyinka 180130037

Alaka Adijat Adenike 180631015

Sanyaolu Gbeminiyi Rapheal 180130093

Martins Abdulazeez Adewale 180631030

Adedeji kehinde Afeez

Tijani Abdul Quadri 180631050

Adenekan paul m

Aro Fatimah opeyemi

Lawal aminat ashabi

Abdullah sofiya abiodun

Ibrahim abiola noah

Adeniyi peter mayowa

Bakare Mariam apeke

Ajayi Peter Kehinde 180631012

Otayomi opeyemi omowunmmi 180631043

Ehinmetan Jeremiah Oluwatobi 170631099

Adekoya oreoluwa opeyemi 170631003

Mojeed halimat idowu 170631060

Ipaye Omokayode Ibidapomola 180631028.

Abimbola oladimeji O. 180631002.

Kazeem Mariam Motunrayo 180130051

Oluwa Adewunmi nurudeen 180631038

Balogun Rasheed Olawale 180631020

Ososanya Jomiloju S. 180631042

Anisere Peter O. 180631016

Olatunji Adebayo S. 180631035

Agunbiade Mariam M. 180631011

Adebanwo lookman A. 180631003

Hassan Abidemi M. 180631026

Adeyemi Adedeji A. 180631010

INTRODUCTION

Military rule, political regime in which the military as an organization holds a preponderance of power.
The term military rule as used here is synonymous with military regime and refers to a subtype of
authoritarian regime military rule, political regime in which the military as an organization holds a
preponderance of power. The term military rule as used here is synonymous with military regime and
refers to a subtype of authoritarian regime.

For most of human history, attaching military to rule would have been redundant, because almost all
political regimes in large-scale societies of the premodern period fused military, religious, economic, and
monarchical power. The separation of military and civilian powers and the development of professional
bureaucratic armed forces in European states in the 18th and 19th centuries gave birth to the
contemporary understanding of military rule.

Not all authoritarian regimes involve military rule. In the 20th century the most-repressive
nondemocratic regimes, most notably the Nazis in Germany and the Stalinist regime in the Soviet Union,
were party dictatorships in which civilian control of the military was well established. Other types of
authoritarian rule distinct from military rule include traditional (e.g., absolutist monarchies) and
personalistic, or “sultanistic,” regimes.

TYPOLOGIES OF MILITARY REGIME

Scholars have typified military regime according what transpired in the various military regime that had
occured in the Africa and the world at large. According to Martin Dent, military regime can be classified
into three different types which are as follows:

1- caretaker regime

2- corrective regime

3- Revolutionary regime

Caretaker Regime

According to Dent, caretaker regime is the type of military regime where military takes over power
temporarily to maintain stability and subsequently hand over power to a civilian government. A very
cogent instance of this is the regime of General Abdusalam abubakar who transferred over power to a
civilian government to Olusegun Obasanjo after his regime in 1998. Obasanjo ruled as a civilian even
after he had once ruled as a military.

2- Corrective regime:

The corrective regime is the type of regime that takes over power to clear the mess and correct
inactivity

and currupt practices that took place during a civilian regime.The Gowon regime of 1966 to 1975 and
Muritala-Obasanjo regime are cogent examples of a corrective regime.
REVOLUTIONARY REGIME

A regime is revolutionary when it changes the total structure and social fabric of the state.The Numeri
regime in Sudan and it's counterpart regime in somalia,Benin,attempted to institute a revolutionary
regime but could not achieve that this regimes are more closer or referred to as reactionary than to be
called revolutionary that is why most of the military regime are refered to by scholars as reformist
rather than revolutionary.This is why scholars affirm that most of the military rule are more qualified to
be called reformist rather than revolutionary

GADDAFI REGIME IN LIBYA

Gaddafi was Born near Sirte, Italian Libya, to a poor Bedouin family, Gaddafi became an Arab
nationalist while at school in Sabha, later enrolling in the Royal Military Academy, Benghazi. Within the
military, he founded a revolutionary group which deposed the Western-backed Senussi monarchy of
Idris in a 1969 coup. Having taken power, Gaddafi converted Libya into a republic governed by his
Revolutionary Command Council. Ruling by decree, he deported Libya's Italian population and ejected
its Western military bases. Strengthening ties to nationalist governments particularly GamalAbdel
Nasser's Egypt he unsuccessfully advocated pan-Arab political union(an ideology that espouses the
unification of the countries of North Africa and Western Asia from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian
Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world). An Islamic modernist, he introduced sharia as the basis for
the legal system and promoted "Islamic socialism". He nationalized the oil industry and used the
increasing state revenues to bolster the military, fund foreign revolutionaries, and implement social
programs emphasizing house-building, healthcare and education projects. In 1973, he initiated a
"Popular Revolution" with the formation of Basic People's Congresses, presented as a system of direct
democracy, but retained personal control over major decisions. He outlined his Third International
Theory that year in The Green Book.

Gaddafi transformed Libya into a new socialist state called a Jamahiriya ("state of the masses") in 1977.
He officially adopted a symbolic role in governance but remained head of both the military and the
Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing dissent. During the 1970s and 1980s,
Libya's unsuccessful border conflicts with Egypt and Chad, support for foreign militants, and alleged
responsibility for the Lockerbie bombing in Scotland left it increasingly isolated on the world stage. A
particularly hostile relationship developed with Israel, the United States and the United Kingdom,
resulting in the 1986 U.S. bombing of Libya and United Nations–imposed economic sanctions. From
1999, Gaddafi shunned pan-Arabism, and encouraged pan-Africanism and rapprochement with Western
nations; he was Chairperson of the African Union from 2009 to 2010. Amid the 2011 Arab Spring,
protests against widespread corruption and unemployment broke out in eastern Libya. The situation
descended into civil war, in which NATO intervened militarily on the side of the anti-Gaddafist National
Transitional Council (NTC). Gaddafi's government was overthrown; he retreated to Sirte, only to be
captured and killed by NTC militants.

THOMAS SANKARA MILITARY REGIME

Thomas Sankara born 21 December 1949 – 15 October 1987) was a Burkinabé military officer, Marxist
revolutionary, and pan-Africanist who served as President of Burkina Faso from his coup in 1983 to his
deposition and murder in 1987. Viewed by supporters as a charismatic and iconic figure of revolution, he
is commonly referred to as "Africa's Che Guevara".

After being appointed Prime Minister in 1983, disputes with the sitting government led to Sankara's
eventual imprisonment. While he was under house arrest, a group of revolutionaries seized power on
his behalf in a popularly-supported coup later that year. Aged 33, Sankara became the President of the
Republic of Upper Volta. He immediately launched programmes for social, ecological and economic
change and renamed the country from the French colonial name Upper Volta to Burkina Faso ("Land of
Incorruptible People"), with its people being called Burkinabé ("upright people"). His foreign policies
were centred on anti-imperialism, while he rejected aid from organizations such as the International
Monetary Fund. Sankara welcomed foreign aid from other sources but tried to reduce reliance on aid by
boosting domestic revenues and diversifying the sources of assistance.

CONCLUSION

Talking about how revolutionary Gaddafi military regime and Thomas Sankara military regime was,we
could say they were totalistic and fundamental,removing the existing government structures and putting
in place new ones.