BSc. (Hons.

) in Engineering in Electronics and Telecommunications

School of Engineering

Electrical Installations (EEE-2204)

Assignment 1

Date of Submission :- 19/03/2023

Name :- Y . Parvin Thishok
Index Number :- 21UG0492
1.
Electric shocks, whether DC or AC, can be harmful, but how dangerous they are depends on
a number of variables, including the voltage, current, duration, and route of the current
through the body. For a number of reasons, AC electric shocks are often regarded as being
more harmful than DC electric shocks.

The fast muscle contractions and relaxation brought on by AC voltage may prevent the victim
from releasing their hold on the power source. Longer exposure times and more serious
injuries may result from this.

Second, AC frequently has frequencies that are particularly detrimental to human health. For
instance, 50–60 Hz AC might disrupt the heart's regular rhythm, resulting in cardiac.

That being said, both AC and DC electric shocks can be deadly, and it is important to take
precautions to avoid electric shock hazards and seek medical attention if you or someone else
experiences an electric shock.

2.
It's crucial to seek medical help right away if someone has experienced an electric shock.
Before medical assistance arrives, there are a few first-aid measures you can take to assist the
victim:

(a) Using a non-conductive device, such as a wooden stick, rubber mat, or rope, remove
the victim from the source of the electrical current or turn off the power source. Avoid
making any conductive objects or bare hands contact with the person.
(b) Start CPR if the victim is not breathing (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation). Get someone
who is trained to perform CPR if you are not.
(c) Check the person's respiration, pulse, and airway. Start CPR if the person is not
breathing or has no pulse. Turn the unconscious individual onto their side and hold their
head to keep their airway open if they are breathing.
(d) Cover any burns with a clean, dry, sterile bandage or cloth, and if possible, elevate the
afflicted region above the heart to decrease swelling.
(e) Until emergency aid arrives, keep the patient warm and still.
(f) If the victim is awake, comfort them and maintain their composure. Do not provide
them with food or beverages.

It is important to remember that electrical shock can be very dangerous and can lead to serious
injury or death. Always seek medical attention immediately, even if the person seems fine after
the initial shock.
3.
An enclosure or casing's level of defense against the entry of foreign objects like dust or water
is measured using the IP (Ingress Protection) code. Two digits make up the IP code, and each
one The IP code's first digit indicates the degree of defense against solid things, such as dust
or dirt. The amount of defense against liquids like water is indicated by the second digit. Stands
for a distinct level of security.

First Digit Protection level

0 No defense against heavy things.

1 Defense against solid objects with a diameter more than 50

mm.
2 Defense against solid items with a diameter more than 12.5
mm.
3 Defense against solid items with a diameter more than 2.5
mm.
4 Defense against solid items with a diameter more than 1
mm.
5 Insufficient defense against dust entry. The equipment
cannot operate effectively if there is enough dust entering.
6 Complete defense against dust entry.

Second Digit Protection level

0 There is no defense against liquids.
1 Defense against condensation or water drops
that fall vertically.
2 Defense against direct water sprays that are
up to 15 degrees off of vertical.
3 Protection from direct water sprays that are
60 degrees off of vertical
4 Protection from water splashes coming from
any angle.
5 Defense against low-pressure water jets
coming from any angle.
6 Defense against high-pressure water jets
coming from any angle.
7 Protection from the negative effects of
immersion up to a 1-meter depth.
8 Defense against prolonged submersion in
water while subjected to the manufacturer's
recommended circumstances.
A container with an IP65 rating would have level 6 dust protection, indicating it is dust-tight,
and level 5 water protection, meaning it is protected from water jets coming from any angle.

Depending on the level of protection required, different IP levels are utilized in different
applications. An outdoor electrical junction box, for instance, would need a higher IP rating
than an inside switchboard since it would be subject to harsher external conditions.

4.
Fuses are electrical safety devices used to protect electrical circuits and equipment from
overcurrent or short-circuit faults. The basic operating principle of all fuses is to interrupt the
flow of current when the current exceeds a predetermined level.

There are types of fuses:

Semi-enclosed rewirable fuses

High Rupturing Capacity (HRC) fuses, usually referred to as semi-enclosed rewirable fuses,
are a type of fuse frequently used in industrial and commercial applications. These fuses have
metal contacts at each end for connecting to the circuit, along with a fuse wire or element
wrapped in a ceramic or porcelain body.

Advantages of Semi-enclosed rewirable fuses:

High breaking capacity

Reusability

Easy to replace

Disadvantages of Semi-enclosed rewirable fuses:

Limited protection against moisture and dust

Possibility of accidental contact

Slow response time

Cartridge fuses

Cartridge fuses are used in high voltage and high current applications. These are cylindrical
fuses constructed of ceramic or glass. When the current exceeds the rated value, the fuse's
fuse element melts, breaking the circuit
Advantages of Cartridge fuses:

Can handle high voltage and high current applications,

Available in a wide range of current ratings.

Disadvantages of Cartridge fuses:

Can be difficult to replace

Requires specialized tools for installation and removal.

High-rupturing capacity (HRC)

Electrical safety devices with high levels of short-circuit current protection include high-
rupturing capacity (HRC) fuses. They are frequently utilized in commercial and industrial
settings that have high power systems.

Advantages of High-rupturing capacity (HRC) fuses:

High breaking capacity

High reliability

Can be used in a wide range of applications

Disadvantages of High-rupturing capacity (HRC) fuses:

Expensive

Slow response time

Not easily replaceable

 5.

Each component's ratings will vary depending on the specific needs of the house and the
current electrical loads. The maximum current-carrying capability of the MCBs is normally
rated, such as 6A, 10A, 16A, etc.

The MCBs are employed in the home for a variety of circuit types, including lighting, socket
outlets, air conditioning, and others. The applications and corresponding MCB ratings are
shown in the following table

Circuit Type MCB Rating

1. Lighting 6A, 10A
2. Socket Outlets 16A, 20A
3. Air Conditioning 20A, 32A

 The home's overall electrical load and the distance between the primary power source
and the distribution board will determine the size of the cables at the DB's starting point.
 Typically, the cables at the DB's beginning point for residential dwellings are 25mm2,
35mm2, or 50mm2.
 The standard cable size for light circuits and plug socket circuits will be determined by
the maximum current anticipated to flow through the circuit and the distance from the
DB to the outlet.
 Cables of 1.5mm2 or 2.5mm2 are typically used for lighting circuits, and cables of
2.5mm2 or 4.0mm2 are typically used for socket outlet circuits.