Summer Lightning Protection

LIGHTNINGN
Reporter: Qianku.com
 CONTENTS

01 02 03

Know Raiden Hazards of lightning Lightning Prevention

Operation of a Typical Surge Arrester
A surge diverter operates based on the principle of overvoltage protection. It is designed to
detect voltage surges and divert the excess current to the ground, thereby preventing damage
to the electrical system or devices connected to it.
1. Normal Operation: In normal operating conditions, the voltage across the surge diverter is
equal to the system voltage.
2. Surge Detection: When a voltage surge occurs, the voltage across the MOV exceeds its
threshold value.
3. Surge Diversion: As the MOV conducts current, it provides a low-impedance path for the
surge current to flow to the ground.
4. Surge Dissipation: The surge current is dissipated through the MOVs and flows to the
ground through the surge diverter’s housing.
5. Resetting: Once the surge has passed, and the voltage across the MOV returns to its
normal value, it regains its insulating properties.
Classification of Surge Arrester
1.Based on Voltage Level:
Low Voltage Surge Arresters: Used in residential, commercial, and industrial applications to protect
against low-voltage surges typically caused by switching operations or lightning.
Medium Voltage Surge Arresters: Designed for medium-voltage power distribution systems to
safeguard against moderate voltage surges.
High Voltage Surge Arresters: Utilized in high-voltage transmission and distribution systems to
protect against severe voltage surges like lightning strikes.

2. Based on Construction:
Station Class Surge Arresters: Typically used in substations and power plants to protect transformers and other
critical equipment.
Intermediate Class Surge Arresters: Employed in medium-voltage applications such as switchgear protection.
Distribution Class Surge Arresters: Installed in distribution networks to safeguard against transient overvoltages.
3. Based on Technology:
Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) Surge Arresters: Commonly used due to their high energy absorption
capability and fast response time.
Gas Discharge Tube (GDT) Surge Arresters: Utilize a gas-filled tube that ionizes when voltage
exceeds a certain threshold, providing protection.
Silicon Avalanche Diode (SAD) Surge Arresters: Offer protection by using silicon diodes that
conduct when the voltage exceeds a specific level.

4. Based on Application:
Power Line Surge Arresters: Installed on power lines to protect against lightning-induced surges
and switching transients.
Data Line Surge Arresters: Safeguard communication lines, such as telephone lines, Ethernet
cables, and coaxial cables, from voltage spikes.
Important Terms in Surge Arrester:

1. Voltage Rating: This refers to the maximum voltage that the surge arrester can withstand
without breaking down.
2. MCOV (Maximum Continuous Operating Voltage): MCOV is the maximum voltage that can be
continuously applied to the surge arrester without causing failure.
3. Nominal Discharge Current (In): This parameter indicates the maximum current that the surge
arrester can safely conduct without sustaining damage.
4. Response Time: The response time of a surge arrester refers to how quickly it can respond to a
voltage surge and start diverting excess energy to the ground
5. Energy Absorption Capacity: This term describes the amount of energy that a surge arrester
can absorb during a transient event.
6. Follow Current Rating: The follow current rating specifies the maximum current that can flow
through the surge arrester after it has clamped a surge.
7. Discharge Voltage: This parameter indicates the voltage level at which the surge arrester starts
conducting and diverting excess energy away from protected equipment.
8. Insulation Resistance: Insulation resistance measures how effectively the surge arrester isolates
electrical circuits during normal operation.
9. Creepage Distance: Creepage distance refers to the shortest path along an insulating surface
between two conductive parts.
10. Operating Temperature Range: Surge arresters have specified operating temperature ranges
within which they can effectively protect against surges.

Types of Speculation in Surge Arresters

1. Environmental Factors: Speculation on environmental factors involves considering elements
such as temperature variations, humidity levels, pollution levels, and exposure to UV radiation.
2. Operational Stresses: Speculation on operational stresses includes analyzing the electrical load,
frequency of surges, and switching operations that the surge arrester experiences.
Types of Speculation in Surge Arresters

1. Environmental Factors: Speculation on environmental factors involves considering elements

such as temperature variations, humidity levels, pollution levels, and exposure to UV radiation.

2. Operational Stresses: Speculation on operational stresses includes analyzing the electrical load,
frequency of surges, and switching operations that the surge arrester experiences.

3. Material Degradation: Speculation on material degradation focuses on the aging of insulating

materials, metal oxide varistors (MOVs), and other components within the surge arrester. By
speculating on the degradation mechanisms and rates of these materials, engineers can estimate
the remaining useful life of the surge arrester.
 Horn Gap Arresters
 also known as a horn gap surge arrester, is a type of protective device used in
electrical power systems to protect equipment from overvoltage conditions.
 It is designed to divert excess voltage surges away from sensitive equipment,
preventing damage and ensuring the safety and reliability of the system

How Does a Horn Gap Arrester Work?

 operates based on the principle of creating a path of least resistance for high-
voltage surges.
 The device consists of two horn-shaped electrodes placed at a specific distance
apart.
Advantages of Horn Gap Arresters

 Reliability: Horn gap arresters provide reliable protection against overvoltages

and have a long service life.
 Fast Response Time: These devices respond quickly to voltage surges,
diverting them away from equipment before damage can occur.
 Maintenance-Free: Once installed, horn gap arresters require minimal
maintenance, making them a cost-effective solution for surge protection.
 03

Lightning Prevention
UNDERSTAND LIGHTNING
Lightning Prevention

Modern Lightning Protection Technology:

External protection
Introduce most of the lightning

Internal protection Block the intrusion waves introduced

Overvoltage protection Limit the amplitude

Lightning Prevention

——Six Character Classic

Stud
y Cultivate Awareness of Preventing Lightning Disasters
Obse Grasp the relevant signs of weather changes to ensure the
rve

After an unfortunate lightning strike, self-rescue and mutual

Save

Pay attention to weather changes and listen to relevant

Liste
n
In case of lightning, quickly turn off the relevant power supply, such
Brok
en In addition to doing a good job in personal protection, you should

Save
Lightning Prevention

Places vulnerable to lightning strikes:

 Areas with metal deposits

 Some tall buildings (structures) such as

 Under the big tree
Lightning Prevention

While at home:

 Do not use mobile phones; turn off TVs, stereos

 Do not approach or touch metal water pipes (such
 Do not take a shower at home, especially if the
 If the thunder
Lightning Prevention

When outside:
 Do not walk in the open air with metal objects, do not use metal umbrellas, do not ride
 Find shelter immediately. Concrete buildings with lightning rods are good places
 Don't crowd together in the wild, you can hide in larger caves.
 Do not stay on the edge of high woods, around wires, flagpoles, haystacks, tents
 When encountering a spherical thunder, don't move, pick up the stones around
 If the hiding conditions are not allowed, you should immediately squat down with
 Not suitable for swimming
 It is safe to sit in the car in the car, but never get out of the car when lightning
Lightning Prevention

Building Lightning Protection 1 Lightning protection level

 Class I: Buildings for storage (production)
 Class II: national key buildings;
 Three categories: provincial key buildings.
 Hazardous chemical enterprises are

2 Lightning protection measures:

 Lightning rod - tall buildings, flammable
 Lightning line - power transmission
 Surge arrester - close to the transformer
 Lightning protection net - a
Lightning Prevention

 Lightning rods should be installed on

 The grounding of the lightning rod should

 Ordinary lightning rod

Lightning rod
 Pilot discharge lightning
 Inductive lightning rod
Lightning Prevention

Lightning protection measures

1 Anti-direct lightning strike: 2 Lightning protection induction:

Install independent lightning rods, overhead The pipelines and metal objects in the
lightning wires, building should be connected to
Lightning Prevention

Lightning protection measures

3 Prevention and control

The whole line

The overhead pipeline
Lightning Prevention

When the thunderstorm season comes, all units

Once someone is struck by lightning, rescue should be

carried out in time. People who are
Thank you for
LIGHTNINGN
Reporter: Qianku.com