TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

(THANLYIN)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL POWER ENGINEERING

STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF SURGE PROTECTION

FOR A SUBSTATION (AUNG PIN LAE)

PRESENT BY
SUPERVISED BY TITLE DEFENCE
GROUP-9
Dr. Wai Myat Thu 12.8.2020
 GROUP-9
MEMBER LIST

1. Ma Pin Myint San VI EP-118

2. Ma Khine Yadanar Thaw VI EP-63
3. Ma Sandi Hlaing VI EP-73

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 OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION

•Introduction
•Problem Statement
•Aim and objectives
•Scope of Presentation
•Nature of lightning
•Effect of Lightning in Power System
•Lightning Arrester for Transformer Protection
•Arrester Selection
•Reference 3
 INTRODUCTION

• Safety plays an important part for any system. Therefore, the protection system is essential for any substation.
• Protection system direct to a safe and reliable electrical consuming according to protective devices in various
condition such as undue current and abnormal voltages.
• Surge protection is the protection of unexpected surge strikes, specially Lighting.
• Lightning is one of the most visible effects of atmosphere electricity. If the power equipment especially at
outdoor substation is not protected from over voltages, it can be caused the burning of insulation.
• Sub-station is important for power system as it is a linkage between generation and customers. Consequently,
protection system of sub-station must also be considered.
• Lightning arrester used in power substation are large devices. Lightning arrester are applied as part of a
lightning protection system, in combination with air terminals and bonding.
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 PROBLEM STATEMENT

• If protection fails or is absent, lightning that strikes the electrical system

introduces thousands of kilovolts that may damage the transmission lines,
and can also cause severe damage to transformers and other -electrical or
electronic devices.
• Lightning-produced extreme voltage spikes in incoming power lines can
damage electrical home appliances or even produce death.
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 AIM AND OBJECTIVES

• To analyze the lightning surge protection system of Aung Pin Lae

Primary substation.
• To study the lightning protection devices.
• To calculate lightning arrester specification that are located in Aung Pin
Lae Primary Substation.

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 Scope of Presentation

• In this thesis, the phenomenon of lightning and protection system is expressed.

• The types of arrester and design calculation of lightning arrester in Aung Pin
Lae Primary substation are also described.
• The basis theory of lightning, lightning shielding and design of lightning
arrester are presented.
• The station class and intermediate arresters are used
• The different types of arrester are required to choose based on the application
types based on location and voltage rating of the system. 7
 NATURAL OF LIGHTNING

• Lightning is a naturally occurring electrostatic discharge during which two electrically charged

regions in the atmosphere or ground temporarily equalize themselves, causing the instantaneous
release of as much as one gigajoule of energy.
• This discharge may produce a wide range of electromagnetic radiation, from very
hot plasma created by the rapid movement of electrons to brilliant flashes of visible light in the
form of black-body radiation.
• Lightning causes thunder, a sound from the shock wave which develops as gases in the vicinity
of the discharge experience a sudden increase in pressure.
• Lightning occurs commonly during thunderstorms and other types of energetic weather systems,
but volcanic lightning can also occur during volcanic eruptions.
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 Effect of Lightning in Power System

• Lightning affects the performance of power lines by both direct and indirect effects where the transient high
voltages may cause flashover on the electrical equipment on the power line.
• Direct lightning strikes, may intercept with line conductors, towers or shielding wires.
• International Electrical Commission (IEC) classifies voltages and overvoltage into the following four classes;
continuous (power frequency) voltage, temporary overvoltage, transient overvoltage and combined
overvoltage based on their shape and duration.
• Power frequency voltage is continuously applied voltage to any part of an insulation configuration. Temporary
overvoltage is defined as power frequency overvoltage for relatively long duration and is caused by load
rejection, line short circuit fault and etc.
• Transient overvoltage is a short –duration overvoltage of few milliseconds or less and it consists of fast-front
overvoltage.
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 Lightning Arrester for Transformer Protection

• The device which is used for the protection of the equipment at the substations against
travelling waves, such type of device is called lightning arrester or surge diverter.
• The steep wave fronts of the surges may cause external flashover between the terminal
of the transformer.
• The original lightning arrester was nothing more than a spark air gap with one side
connected to a line conductor and the other side connected to earth ground.
• When the line to ground voltage reached the spark over level, the voltage surge should
be discharged to earth ground.
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 Arrester Selection

• Selecting the arrester voltage rating.

• This decision is based on whether or not the system is grounded and the method of
system grounding.
• Selecting the class of arrester.
• In general, there are three classes of arresters. In order of protection, capability and
cost, the classes are station class, intermediate class and distribution class.
• The station class arrester has the best protection capability and is the most expensive.
• Determine where the arrester should be physically located .
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 Reference

• Shehab Abdulwasdood ALI, “Design of Lightning Arresters for Electrical Power”,

Power Engineering and Electrical Engineering Journal, Vol. 11, December 2013.
• Anonymous: Myanmar Electric Power Enterprise Data, Aung Pin Lae Primar
Substation, MOEP, 2014.
• Google Websites.
• Hubble “Power System Surge Arrester and ICE Line Discharge” Sweden February
2015.
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 THANK YOU SO MUCH

FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION

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