Exercise: Chapter 2

[2.1: Basic Concepts of Matter]

Name: ………………………………
Class: 4 ………………….

1.
A rainbow does not have mass nor volume.
A rainbow is not a matter.

(a) What is matter.

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

(b) What is the three states of matter?

(i) ……………..…….. (ii) ………………………. (iii) …………………………

(c) The states of matter can change caused by heating or cooling.

Name the state of matter for each of process below:

Process State
Melting
………………………… → ………………………..
Deposition
………………………… → ………………………..
Condensation
………………………… → ………………………..
Sublimation
………………………… → ………………………..
Freezing
………………………… → ………………………..
Boiling
………………………… → ………………………..

(d) Conversion states of matter occur through the process of heat absorbed or heat
released.
Example, when the state change from solid to liquid, heat is released; but when the
matter change from liquid to solid, heat energy is absorbed.
For the each of process below, state the energy is absorbed or released.

Process Heat energy

Melting
Deposition
Condensation
Sublimation
Freezing
Boiling
..
 (e) When heat energy is absorbed or released, changes occur in kinetic energy,
arrangement of particles and attraction force between particles, causing the state of
matter to change.
Example, when water boiling, heat energy is absorbed causes the kinetic energy in
particles of water increases. Then, the particles of water will move faster causes the
arrangement of particles will change (the particles will move further apart) and the
attraction forces become weak.
For each of the activity below, name the process occur, state the changes in kinetic
energy, arrangement of particle and attraction forces.
Activity Process Kinetic Arrangement Attraction
energy of particles forces
Lily dries her
hair with a hair
dryer.
Ahmad freezes
the water to
cool it down.
Vapors of
Naphthalene
mothballs drive
away moths and
other fiber
insects in a
process to
protect clothes.
Eyeglasses
fogging up
when Lisa enter
a warm building
on a cold winter
day.

2. Based on the theory of matter;

“Matter is made of tiny and discrete particles.”

There are three types of particles to form elements or compounds.

(a) State the three types of particles.

(i) ……………..…….. (ii) ………………………. (iii) …………………………

(b) State the meaning of;

(i) Atom: …………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Element: ………………………………………………………………………….

(iii) Molecule: ………………………………………………………………………...

(iv) Compound: ………………………………………………………………………

(v) Ion: ……………………………………………………………………………….

(c) Oxygen, O2 is the example of element and water, H2O is the example of molecule.
Name other two examples for element and molecule.

Element: ………………………………………………..

Molecule: ………………………………………………..

(d) One of the types of particles in compound is ION. Give one example of ion and
explain how ion is formed.

………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………