Hepatocytes are the chief functional

cells of the liver andHepatocytes

perform an
astonishing number of metabolic,
endocrine and secretory functions
► Functions if the Liver

► metabolism,
► detoxification, and
► protein synthesis
►
Remember: Essential idea:
The chemical composition of the blood is
regulated by the liver.
► Understandings
The liver removes toxins from the blood and detoxifies them 
Components of red blood cells are recycled by the liver 
The breakdown of erythrocytes starts with the phagocytosis of red blood cells
by Kupffer cells. 
Iron is carried to the bone marrow to produce hemoglobin in
new red blood cells  Surplus cholesterol is converted to bile salts 
Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in hepatocytes
produce plasma proteins. 
The liver intercepts blood from the gut to regulate nutrient levels 
Some nutrients in excess can be stored in the liver. 
► KUPFFER cells are resident liver
macrophages and plays a critical role
in maintaining liver functions. Under
physiological conditions, they are the
first innate immune cells that protect
the liver from bacterial infection.
► Top foods and drinks for liver health
► Some of the best foods and drinks that are good for the liver include the following.
► 1. Coffee
► One 2014 review suggests that over 50%Trusted Source of people in the United States consume coffee daily.
► Coffee appears to be good for the liver, especially because it protects against issues such as fatty liver disease.
► The review also notes that daily coffee intake may help reduce the risk of chronic liver disease. It may also
protect the liver from damaging conditions, such as liver cancer.
► A 2014 studyTrusted Source suggests that the protective effects of coffee may be due to how it influences liver
enzymes.
► Coffee, it reports, seems to reduce fat buildup in the liver. It also increases protective antioxidants in the liver.
The compounds in coffee also help liver enzymes rid the body of cancer-causing substances.
► 2. Oatmeal
► Consuming oatmeal is an easy way to add fiber to the diet. Fiber is an important tool for digestion, and the
specific fibers in oats may be especially helpful for the liver. Oats and oatmeal are high in compounds called
beta-glucans.
► As one 2017 studyTrusted Source reports, beta-glucans are very biologically active in the body. They help
modulate the immune system and fight inflammation, and they may be especially helpful in the fight
against diabetes and obesity.
► The review also notes that beta-glucans from oats appear to help reduce the amount of fat stored in the liver
in mice, which could also help protect the liver. More clinical studies are necessary to confirm this benefit in
humans, however.
► People who are looking to add oats or oatmeal to their diet should look for whole oats or steel-cut oats rather
than instant oatmeal. Instant oatmeal may contain fillers such as flour or sugars, which will not be as beneficial
for the body.
► 3. Green tea
► One 2016 reviewTrusted Source suggests that green tea may help reduce the
risk of liver cancer in female Asian populations. However, the study notes
that more research is necessary.
► It is important to note that drinking green tea may be better for health than
taking a green tea extract, as high dose extracts may damage the liver rather
than heal it.
► 4. Garlic
► A small 2016 studyTrusted Source suggests that supplementing the diet with
garlic powder capsules can reduce body weight and body fat in people with
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with no loss of lean body mass.
► Weight loss is beneficial for many people, as being overweight or having
obesity is a contributing factor to NAFLD. More studies in humans are
necessary to determine whether or not eating garlic would have the same
effect.
► 5. Berries
► Many dark berries — including blueberries, raspberries, and cranberries —
contain antioxidants called polyphenols, which may help protect the liver
from damage.
► 6. Grapes
► One 2014 studyTrusted Source suggests that grape seeds, as well as the skin
and pulp, contain a significant amount of antioxidants. These antioxidants
seem to be associated with protection from some causes of liver damage.
► Eating whole, seeded grapes is a simple way to add these compounds to the
diet. A grape seed extract supplement may also provide antioxidants.
► 7. Grapefruit
► Grapefruit contains two primary antioxidants: naringin and naringenin. These
may help protect the liver from injury by reducing inflammation and
protecting the liver cells.
► A 2019 studyTrusted Source suggests that naringin may protect against
alcohol-induced liver steatosis by reducing oxidative stress.
► However, several medications that are metaboli
► . Prickly pear
► The fruit and juice of the prickly pear may also be beneficial to liver health. A 2014
studyTrusted Source in rats with obesity suggests that compounds in the fruit may be
beneficial in the treatment of NAFLD. However, human studies are necessary to confirm
this.
► Most research focuses on extracts from the fruit, however, so studies that focus on the fruit
or juice itself may also be necessary.
► 9. Plant foods in general
► One 2015 studyTrusted Source reports that a large number of plant foods may be helpful for
the liver.
► These include:
► avocados
► bananas
► barley
► beets and beet juice
► broccoli
► brown rice
► carrots
► figs
► greens such as kale and collards
► lemons
► papayas
► watermelons
► 10. Fatty fish
► Consuming fatty fish and fish oil supplements may help reduce the impactTrusted
Source of conditions such as NAFLD.
► Fatty fish is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which are the good fats that help reduce
inflammation. These fats may be especially helpful in the liver, as they appear to
prevent the buildup of excess fats and maintain enzyme levels in the liver.
► 11. Nuts
► Eating nuts may be another simple way to keep the liver healthyTrusted Source and
protect against NAFLD.
► Nuts generally contain unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, and antioxidants. These
compounds may help prevent NAFLD and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress.
► 12. Olive oil