KKCE2233

ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY & WATER RESOURCES

SEMESTER 2 2022/2023

LECTURER :
Prof. Madya Ir. Dr. Nur Shazwani Muhammad

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

PREPARED BY :
GROUP 11

MATRIC NO. NAME

A190411 WONG YU XUAN

A186178 KHAW WAN YING

A185151 HATIMAH SYARIF

A180790 SITI ATHIRAH BINTI NORZAID

1. INTRODUCTION

In relation with the escalation of water quantity, urbanization results in the

increase in non-point pollutants from various municipal landuses and activities which can
all end up in receiving waters. Their damaging effects are not always immediately
apparent. Stormwater management (SWM) is the mechanism for controlling stormwater
runoff for the purposes of minimizing the catchment flow rates, runoff volumes,
frequency of flooding and degradation of surface water quality through implementation
of construction erosion and sediment control, quantity control and treatment best
management practices (BMPs) to diminish the effects of landuse changes.

In response to the change, systems consisting of curb, gutter, drain and lined
channels are developed to safely convey the runoff through the catchment. Although such
effects from a small individual site may seem inconsequential the collective effects of
numerous sites throughout the catchment can have substantial impact on the environment,
especially in a catchment's lower reaches.

Water catchment area play a crucial role and it is a prominent element in ensuring
a sufficient water supply. It provides high-quality drinking water and supports livelihoods
such as agriculture, recreational usage and water sports. In Malaysia, water catchment
areas are usually rainforests that catch rainwater whenever it rains. The raw water then
flows into rivers and is transported towards the sea.

Our group report seek to determine the duration of rainfall and estimating the
10-year, 50-year, and 100-year peak runoff from the watershed that can be expected at the
outlet of the watershed in Teluk Intan, Perak. Given the city's rapid urbanization and
expanding population, ensuring precise anticipation of peak runoff volume and timing of
peak runoff to safeguard against flooding and manage stormwater effectively is a good
initiative. The methodology that we use in this report is a method proposed in MSMA
(2012).
In the image below, it shows the location of JPS Teluk Intan, Perak with station IDof 4010001
and the data obtained.
2. OBJECTIVE

The objective of this case study are:

I. To understand the characteristics in identifying the right water catchment which
can provide sufficient data for the calculation.
II. To determine the maximum intensity-duration-frequency relationship for the
watershed based on on the method proposed in MSMA (2012).
III. To estimate the 10-year, 50-year and 100-year peak runoff from the watershed that
can be expected at the outlet of the watershed.
IV. To determine the duration of the rainfall in Ipoh, Perak.

3. METHODOLOGY

MSMA (2012)
MSMA (2012) refers to the Malaysian Stormwater Management Manual, which
was published in 2012. The MSMA is a comprehensive set of guidelines and
methodologies developed by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia (DID)
to manage stormwater effectively in Malaysia. It provides standardized procedures and
design criteria for the planning, design, and implementation of stormwater management
systems.

The MSMA (2012) method encompasses various aspects of stormwater

management, including rainfall analysis, runoff estimation, hydraulic design of drainage
systems, and water quality control. It takes into account the unique characteristics of
Malaysia's climate, topography, and hydrological conditions, providing guidance specific
to the local context.

This methodology offers a systematic approach to determine rainfall

intensity-duration-frequency relationships, estimate peak runoff rates, and design
drainage infrastructure to mitigate flooding and control stormwater effectively. By
following the MSMA guidelines, engineers, planners, and policymakers can make
informed decisions regarding stormwater management, ensuring the resilience and
sustainability of urban areas in Malaysia.
MICROSOFT EXCEL
Excel can help in estimating the 10-year, 50-year and 100-year peak runoff from the
watershed that can be expected at the outlet of the watershed. It could assist in the
process of :
1. Data Management: Users can easily input and arrange historical rainfall data,
hydrological parameters, and watershed characteristics in distinct columns and
rows, enabling smooth data manipulation and analysis.
2. Statistical Analysis: In excel it is possible to calculate the mean, standard
deviation, and other statistical parameters to characterize the rainfall patterns and
hydrological behavior of the watershed. These statistics are crucial for estimating
the return periods of extreme rainfall events.
3. Frequency Analysis: Excel's built-in functions, such as rank, percentile, and
interpolate, can be utilized to perform frequency analysis on the rainfall data. By
applying these functions, you can determine the rainfall intensities corresponding
to different return periods, such as the 10-year, 50-year, and 100-year events.
4. Rainfall-Runoff Modeling: Excel can be used to develop rainfall-runoff models
based on established hydrological methods. It is possible to create formulas and
equations to estimate the runoff volume based on rainfall inputs, watershed
characteristics, and other relevant factors. These models can help in estimating the
peak runoff at the outlet of the watershed for different return periods.
5. Graphical Visualization: The purpose is to generate rainfall intensity duration
frequency curves, hydrographs, and other graphical representations to illustrate
the estimated peak runoff for different return periods.
4. CALCULATION

For the calculation, we conducted two methods of calculating the data which manually
calculated data and excel calculated data.
1. CALCULATION USING EXCEL SHEET
2. MANUAL CALCULATION
5. RESULTS & DISCUSSION

Based on the result, we obtained the graph of IDF Curves as stated below:

Which based on the graph, we can observe and record the data for rainfall
intensity at storm duration of 10min, has shown they reading of 190.00 mm/hr, while
during 50min, it has shown the rainfall intensity is at 69.00mm/hr and lastly for the storm
duration reading of 100min, we obtained the reading at 40mm/hr.

Moreover, based on the calculation and the graph that we obtained, the
relationship between the Average Rainfall Intensity, i (mm/hr) is directly proportional to
the peak discharge, Q (m^3/s). On the other hand, we obtained the peak discharges,Q
from the calculation for return period of 10 years at 10.94, for 50 years we recorded a
calculation of 14.29 and lastly for 100 years we managed to obtain the value of 15.985.
 Meanwhile, for the average intensity, at the return period of 10 years we recorded the
value of 3.37, for 50 years, 4.40 and for 100 years is 4.93.

6. CONCLUSION

In conclusion the study of the water catchment area in Teluk Intan is a crucial part in
understanding the water runoff occurring in the urban area whereby all the calculations
conducted will contribute in modeling the plan to curb overflow of water on land which can lead
to flood. Lastly but not the least, the objective of the assignment has been successfully conducted
based on the requirement needed by the question provided.

7. REFERENCES
Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) Malaysia. (2012, August). MSMA 2nd

EDITION: URBAN STORMWATER MANAGEMENT MANUAL FOR MALAYSIA.

Department of Irrigation and Drainage. Retrieved July 5, 2023, from

https://www.water.gov.my/jps/resources/PDF/MSMA2ndEdition_august_2012.pdf

Department of Statistics, Malaysia. (2022, April). PERAK 2021. Department of Statistics

Malaysia. Retrieved July 5, 2023, from

https://www.dosm.gov.my/uploads/publications/20221018161756.pdf

e Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia. (2018). Magnitude and Frequency of

Flood in Malaysia. .::HydroNet::. - Water Resources Management and Hydrology

Division. Retrieved July 5, 2023, from

http://h2o.water.gov.my/man_hp1/HP4(2018).pdf