Straw is a generic term used to refer to residues that remain from harvesting grain plants such as rice,

corn and wheat among others. This important agricultural residue is quite popular in Europe where an
estimated 23 million tones of straw is produced each year across the 15 states. Straw pellets are
special products produced from straw and has applications ranging from heat production to animal
feeds and animal bedding among others. In order to make the pellets from raw straw, a number of
procedures must be performed. This is because the original residue is composed of different
compounds that include cell (80-90%) and lumen (10-20%). The internal composition includes silica
and extractives all which are water soluble. Here is a detailed step-by-step description of how to make
straw pellets.

How To Make Straw Pellets?

5 Tons Straw Pellet Production Line / Pellet Plant

★ Preparation of raw materials

The harvesting process leaves straws mixed with dusts and other alien materials like stones, metals
and plastics. These foreign components have the potential to damage pelleting mills and also lower
the quality of the pellets. They must therefore be removed.
★ Grinding
Straw biomass is basically a tube-like material that needs to be crushed to the required size that can
then be used in the aforementioned applications. Grinding mainly involves cutting and chopping the
straw the appropriate dimensions usable in pelleting machines.

★ Drying
This process is often bypassed yet is still worth mentioning as part of straw pellet formation. Straw is
delivered containing about 15% moisture content which is ideal for producing pellets. When saw dust
is also used, then drying is added to the process.
★ Conditioning
This is basically the process of increasing straw hardness to the desired state. It involves application
of steam or water as well as binding agents and additives. Conditioning is necessary for achieving
right temperature that allows malleability and melting of the lignin (which is found in raw straw) to act
as the binding agent. Increasing hardness prevents excessive abrasion when pelletizing.

★ Pelletizing
Straw ring die pellet press is the main phase of producing straw pellets. During this proves, consider
aspects of moisture content in the straw,fibre strength, particle size and natural binders. All these
influence the pellet quality. It is also important to prevent pellet breakage, overheating and pellet die
blocking. These challenges may lead to increased energy costs, damaging the pellet mill and poor
pellet quality. It is thus important to use high quality straw and also use thicker pellet die to increase
compression length and yield favourable quality.

Ring Die Pellets Mill

★ Cooling and Screening

After pelletizing, the straws will generally be hot and soft. They should then be cooled down to attain
desirable hardness while refining fine particles. The final product will have reduced moisture content
yet depicting increased bulk density. The moisture is often reduced from the 15-20% to below 10%
while density rises from 130 to about 600 kg/m³.

How to Build A Complete Straw Pellet Plant?

Conclusion

Production of straw pellets is a popular activity in Europe and the

end product has high demand from those raring animals. It is also burnt to produce heat during cold
seasons. When producing straw pellets, it is important to use high quality moist biomass harvested
from the firms. It is also very crucial to eliminate any threat to the mill which usually costs a lot to run
and maintain when exposed to foreign materials and low quality straw.