Lecturer: Phan Thi Khanh Van Approved by: Nguyen Tien Dung

Semester/Academic year 1 22 - 23
FINAL EXAM Date 29/12/2022
UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Course title Linear Algebra
- VNUHCM Course ID MT1007
FACULTY OF AS Duration 100 mins Question sheet code 1001
Notes:
- There are 4 pages in the question sheets. - This is a closed book exam. Only your calculator is allowed. Total available sc
- At the beginning of the working time, you MUST fill in your full name and student ID on this question sheet.
- All essential steps of calculations, analyses, justifications and final results are required for full credit.
Any answer without essential calculation steps, and/or analyses, and/or justifications will earn zero mark.

Part I. Multiple choice problems (6 points, 60 minutes)

Question 1. (L.O.2.1) Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix which has 3 eigenvectors: (1; 2; 3)T , (1; 1;Ñ 1)T , (3; 3;é
4)T and
2 0 0
the corresponding eigenvalues 1, 2 and 3; P be an invertible matrix that satisfies P −1 AP = 0 3 0 . Find
0 0 1
P. Ñ é Ñ é Ñ é
1 1 3 1 3 1 1 2 3
A. 2 1 3 . B. 1 3 2 . C. 1 1 1 .
3 1 4 1 4 3 3 3 4
Ñ é
1 1 1
D. 3 3 4 . E. All other answers are wrong.
1 2 3
Answer.
e1 , e2 , e3 are eigenvectors corresponding to 1, 2 and 3, respectively and D = diag[2, 3, 1]. Therefore, P = [e2 e3 e1 ]
Chọn đáp án B 
Ñ é
3 0 1
Question 2. (L.O.1.1) Let A = 2 3 6 . Which of the following vectors is the eigenvector of A corresponding
1 1 7
to the eigenvalue λ = 2?
A. (1; 1; 1)T . B. (2; 8; −2)T . C. (1; 2; 3)T . D. (1; 4; 1)T . E. (−1; 3; 4)T .
Answer. Ñ éÑ é Ñ é
3 0 1 1 1 1 2 −1 4 6 4 4 1
A[e1 e2 e3 e4 e5 ] = 2 3 6 1 2 4 8 3 = 11 26 20 16 31 .
1 1 7 1 3 1 −2 4 9 24 12 −4 30
We have: Ae4 = 2e4 .
Chọn đáp án B 
Question 3. (L.O.2.1) Let f : R3 → R3 be a linear transformation that depends on the parameter m ∈ R and
f (1; 0; 1) = (m; 1; 0); f (0; 1; 0) = (0; m; 1); f (0; 2; 1) = (m; m + 1; m + 2). Find m such that Im(f ) ≡ R3 .
A. m = 0. B. m = −1. C. m 6= 0 and m 6= −1.
D. @m. E. ∀m ∈ R.
Answer. Ñ é
m 0 m
Imf = R3 ⇔ dim(Imf ) = 3 ⇔ rank 1 m m + 1 = 3 ⇔ detA 6= 0
0 1 m+2
Chọn đáp án C 
Question 4. (L.O.2.1) Let f : R3 → R2 be a linear transformation: f (x1 ; x2 ; x3 ) = (x1 − x2 ; 2x1 + x2 +
x3 ). Find the transformation matrix of f with respect to the bases E = {(1; 1; 0); (0; 1; 2); (1; 1; 1)}, and F =
{(1; 3); Å
(2; 5)}. ã Å ã Å ã
6 11 8 6 11 8 6 11 8
A. . B. . C. .
−3 −6 4 −3 6 −4 3 −6 −4
Å ã
6 11 8
D. . E. All other answers are wrong.
−3 −6 −4
Answer.

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AEF = F −1 AE
Chọn đáp án D 
3 3
Question 5. (L.O.2.1) Let f : R → R be a linear transformation: f (x1 ; x2 ; x3 ) = (3x2 + 4x3 ; 7x1 + x2 +
6x3 ; −4x1 + 3x2 + x3 ). Find the dimension of ker(f )
A. 3. B. 4. C. 0. D. 2. E. 1.
Answer.
dim(Kerf ) = 3 − rank(A) = 3 − 3 = 0.
Chọn đáp án C 
Question 6. (L.O.2.1) In R2 , let (x; y) = x1 y1 + 2x2 y2 − x1 y2 − x2 y1 be the inner product. Find the norm (length)
of (3; 4). √
A. 5.
√ B. 4. C. 17.
D. 13. E. All other answers are wrong.
Answer. √
k(3, 4)k = xAxT .
Chọn đáp án C 
Question 7. (L.O.2.2) In R2 , let (x; y) = x1 y1 + 2x2 y2 − x1 y2 − x2 y1 be the inner product. Find all real values of
m such that (1; 2) is orthogonal to (3; m).
A. m = −2. B. m = 2. C. m = 0. D. m = −1. E. m = 1.
Answer.
u ⊥ v ⇔ (u, v) = uAv T = 0 ⇔ 3m − 3 = 0.
Chọn đáp án E 
Question 8. (L.O.2.2) In R3 , let (x; y) = x1 y1 + 2x2 y2 + 3x3 y3 be the inner product. Find the projection vector
of (3; 0; 3) onto the line F =< (2; −1; 0) >
A. (1; 0; 1). B. (2; −1; 0). C. (19; −20; 14).
D. (5; −1; −2). E. All orther answers are wrong.
Answer.
prF (x) = (x,e) 6
(e,e) e = 6 e = (2, −1, 0).
Chọn đáp án B 
Å ã
2 1
Question 9. (L.O.2.2) Find all real values of m such that λ = 3 is an eigenvalue of A = .
3 m
A. m = 3. B. m = −2. C. m = 0.
D. m = 2. E. All orther answers are wrong.
Answer.
3 is an eigenvalue of A if and only if |A − 3I| = 0 ⇔ m = 0.
Chọn đáp án C 
Question 10. (L.O.1.2) Let A be a 3 × 3 matrix and A has a unique eigenvalue λ = 2. The eigenvalue of
B = A3 − 3A + 4A−1 is
1 1
A. . B. 8. C. 4. D. 2. E. .
4 2
Answer.
If x is an eigenvector of A w.r.t λ, then Bx = (λ3 − 3λ + λ4 )x.
The eigenvalue of B is λ3 − 3λ + λ4 = 4.
Chọn đáp án C 
Å ã
5 1
Question 11. (L.O.2.1) Find all real values of m such that x = (1; 1)T is an eigenvector of A = .
3 m
A. m = 2. B. m = 1. C. m = 0. D. m = 3. E. m = −1.
Answer.
Ax = [6 m + 3]T = λx ⇒ 6 = m + 3.
Chọn đáp án D 
Question 12. (L.O.2.2) In R2 , given the inner product (x; y) = 2x1 y1 + 3x2 y2 − 2x1 y2 − 2x2 y1 and a subspace
F =< (1; 2) > . One basis of F ⊥ is
A. {(2; −1)}. B. {(0; 0)}. C. {(1; 0), (0; 1)}.
D. All orther answers are wrong. E. {(2; 1)}.
Answer.
x ∈ F ⊥ ⇒ (x, e) = 0 ⇔ −2x1 + 4x2 = 0.
Chọn đáp án E 

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Question 13. (L.O.1.1) Let f : R3 → R3 be a linear transformation. Find the WRONG statement.
A. 0 ∈ ker(f ).
B. 0 ∈ Im(f ) .
C. dim(Im(f )) + dim(ker(f )) = 3 .
D. If x ∈ ker(f ), x 6= 0, then x is an eigenvector of the standard transformation matrix of f .
E. If x and y are two eigenvectors of f , then x + y is also an eigenvector of f .
Answer.
Chọn đáp án E 
2 2
Question 14. (L.O.2.2) Let f Å : R → Rã be a linear transformation and the transformation matrix of f with
5 8
respect to E = {(1; 1), (2; 3)} is . Find f (−1; 1).
−3 −5
A. (29; −21). B. (1; −1). C. (1; 6).
D. (89; −34). E. All orther answers are wrong.
Answer. Å ã Å ã
−1 5 8 1 2
A = EAE E , where AE = ,E = .
−3 −5 1 3
Å ã
−1 0
A= and f (x) = Ax.
−5 1
Chọn đáp án C 
Question 15. (L.O.1.1) Let f : R2 → R3 , f (x1 ; x2 ) = (x1 + x2 ; x1 − 2x2 ; 3x1 + x2 ). Given f (a; b) = (1; 4; 5). Find
a + b.
A. 0. B. -1. C. 2. D. -2. E. 1.
Answer.
f (a, b) = (a + b, a − 2b, 3a + b) = (1, 4, 5) ⇒ a + b = 1.
Chọn đáp án E 
Question 16. (L.O.3.1) For a simple Ñ economy with 3 industries
é A, B, C, we suggest the input-output model,
0.15 0.1 0.2
where the input-output matrix is A = 0.05 0.15 0.15 . Given that the external demands of A, B and C are
0.2 0.1 0.05
500, 400 and 300 units, respectively. Find the total production of A.
A. 613.4337. B. 546.4632. C. 760.4518. D. 788.9836. E. 627.6996.
Answer. Ñ é
788.9836
AX + D = X ⇒ X = (I − A)−1 D = 613.4337
546.4632
Chọn đáp án D 
Questions 17-18
Question 17. (L.O.3.2) On the xy plane with the dot product, let f be the rotation about the origin 90 degrees
clockwise and g be the rotation about the origin 60 degrees counterclockwise. Find the standard transformation
matrix Å of the composite
√ ãtransformation f ◦ Å
g. ã Å √ ã
1/2 − 3/2 0 1 − 3/2 1/2
A. √ . B. . C. √ .
3/2 1/2 −1 0 −1/2 − 3/2
Å√ ã Å ã
3/2 √1/2 0 1
D. . E. .
−1/2 3/2 −1 0
Answer.
f ◦ g is the rotation about the origin 30 degrees clockwise
Chọn đáp án D 
Question 18. (L.O.3.2) Find the WRONG statement.
A. f ◦ g ≡ g ◦ f . B. dim(Ker(f ◦ g)) = 0. C. dim(Kerf ) = 0.
D. dim(Imf ) = 2. E. dim(Img) = 3.
Answer.
dim(Img) = 2
Chọn đáp án E 
Questions 19-20 Ñ é
2 1 m+1
Question 19. (L.O.2.1) Find m such that A is invertible, where A = m −3 0
1 0 0
A. m 6= −1. B. m 6= 0. C. ∀m.

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 D. @m. E. m 6= −1 and m 6= 0.
Answer.
A is invertible if and only if det(A) = 3m + 3 6= 0
Chọn đáp án A 
3
Question 20. (L.O.2.1) m = −2. Find det(2A B), where det(B) = 1/2.
A. −108. B. −54. C. 54. D. 27. E. −27.
Answer.
det(A) = 3m + 3 = −3
det(2A3 B) = 23 .det(A)3 .det(B)
Chọn đáp án A 

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 Part II. Essay problems (4 points, 40 minutes)
Question 1. (L.O.2.2, L.O.1.2) In R3 with the inner product (x, y) = x1 y1 + x1 y2 + x2 y1 + 2x2 y2 + 3x3 y3 , let
F = {x ∈ R3 | − x1 + x2 − x3 = 0; x1 − 2x2 + 3x3 = 0} be a subspace.
a) Find the dimension and one basis of F .
b) Find the dimension and one basis of F ⊥ .
c) Find the projection vector of u = (2, 4, 7) onto F ⊥ .

d) Find all real values of m such that the angle between u and v = (m, 2, −1) is π/3.
Answer.
Å ã
−1 1 −1
a) A →
0 −1 2
F = N ull(A) ⇒ dim(F ) = 1, one basis: {f = (1, 2, 1)} (0.5 point)
Ñ é
1 1 0
b) x ∈ F ⊥ ⇔ (x, f ) = 0 ⇔ f.M.xT = 0, where M = 1 2 0 - the matrix of the inner product
0 0 3

T
⇔ 3 5 3 x = 0.
dim(F ⊥ ) = 2, 1 basis: {e1 = (1, 0, −1), e2 = (0, 3, −5)}. (0.5 point)

α = −15/16

c) u = αe1 + βe2 + γf ⇒ β = −5/8 .

γ = 47/16

prF ⊥ (u) = αe1 + βe2 = (−15/16, −15/8, 65/16). (0.5 point)
(u, v)
d) The angle φ between u and v = (m, 2, −1) is π/3 ⇔ cos(φ) = 1/2 = .
kuk kvk
6m − 1
⇔p = 1/2 ⇒ @m (0.5 point)
199 ∗ (m2 + 4m + 11)


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Question 2. (L.O.2.2, L.O.3.1, L.O.3.2) In a city, there are three companies A, B and C that provide a kind of
service. According to the data, in average, after each month, about 10% of customers of A switch to use B’s
service, 15% switch to use C’s services; for B, 10% of customers switch to use A’s service and 15% switch to use
C’s service; for C, 20% switch to use A’s service and 10% of customers switch to use B’s service. At the moment,
all 3 companies hold equal market share.

a) Find the market shares of the three companies after 3 months.

b) The equilibrium (steady) state is the state for which the market shares of the three companies will not change
any more. Find the equilibrium state.
c) Use the diagonalization method to find the market shares of the three companies after 5 years.

d) Find the market shares of them after a long time.

Answer.
Ñ é
0.75 0.1 0.2
a) The transition matrix: A = 0.1 0.75 0.1
0.15 0.15 0.7
Ñ é
1/3
X0 = 1/3 .
1/3
Ñ é
0.3679
The market shares after 3 months: X3 = A3 x0 = 0.2988 (0.5 point)
0.3333

b) TheÑequilibrium (steady) state XQé= AxQ ⇔ (A − I)xQ = 0

1 − 0.25 0.1 0.2 0 Å ã
1 0 −8/7 0
⇔ 0.1 −0.25 0.1 0 → .
0 1 −6/7 0
0.15 0.15 −0.3 0
General solution (8/7m, 6/7m, m), therefore, xQ = (8/21, 2/21, 1/3) (the total share is 1).
Ñ é Ñ é
1 0 0 8 1 1
c) Diagonalize A, we have: D = 0 0.55 0 , P = 6 0 −1 (0.5 point)
0 0 0.65 7 −1 0
Ñ é
0.3810
After 5 years: A60 = A60 X0 = P.D60 P −1 X0 = 0.2857 (0.5 point)
0.3333
Ñ é Ñ é
1 0 0 0.3810
d) After a long time: Xlim = lim An X0 = lim P.Dn P −1 X0 = P. 0 0 0 P −1 x0 = 0.2857 (0.5 point)
n→∞ n→∞
0 0 0 0.3333


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