STEP

Obtain data

Credit: WHO / Blink media - Saiyna Bashir

 A. Conduct data source mapping

STEP
2
B. Determine whether sufficient
data are currently available

Obtain data
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5

Determine scope of monitoring Obtain data Analyze data Report results Knowledge translation

A. Conduct data source mapping

KEY QUESTION • Consider many potential

What sources contain data about HIV, TB and data sources and learn
malaria indicators and dimensions of inequality? as much as possible
about their strengths and
weaknesses.

• Use data source

mapping to determine
which sources contain
the necessary data for
inequality monitoring.
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5

Determine scope of monitoring Obtain data Analyze data Report results Knowledge translation

A. Conduct data source mapping

þ List available data sources by type (including name, year, etc.)

Year(s) of data
Data source type Data source name Notes
collection

Not all subnational regions

Household survey DHS 2015
covered
Tuberculosis Only available from publicly-
Administrative data 2015-2020
surveillance system funded health facilities

Additional resources Information about pertinent

For more information about data sources used for monitoring limitations or quality
inequalities in HIV, TB and malaria, see Appendix 1. concerns
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5

Determine scope of monitoring Obtain data Analyze data Report results Knowledge translation

A. Conduct data source mapping

þ For each data source, determine availability of data for dimensions of inequality

Dimension of inequality
# Data source and year
Sex Economic status Subnational region [Others]

1 DHS (2015) X X X

Administrative data X
2
(2015-2020)

Specify and expand list to

include other data sources and
years, as required
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5

Determine scope of monitoring Obtain data Analyze data Report results Knowledge translation

A. Conduct data source mapping

þ For each data source, determine availability of data about HIV, TB and malaria indicators

Indicators selected in Step 1B Insert from previous table

HIV, TB or malaria indicator Data source numbers Notes

Testing for HIV and receiving
1
results

TB case detection rate 2

Households with at least one

1
insecticide-treated net

…
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5

Determine scope of monitoring Obtain data Analyze data Report results Knowledge translation

A. Conduct data source mapping

þ Determine possible sources of data availability for HIV, TB and malaria inequality monitoring

Insert corresponding data source numbers from

the previous two tables

Dimension of inequality
HIV, TB or malaria indicator
Sex Economic status Subnational region [Others]
Testing for HIV and receiving
2 1 1
results

TB case detection rate 2 2

Households with at least one

1 1
insecticide-treated net

…
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5

Determine scope of monitoring Obtain data Analyze data Report results Knowledge translation

B. Determine whether sufficient data are currently available

KEY QUESTION
Are sufficient data available to proceed with
inequality analysis?
CHECKLIST
o Assess the findings of data source mapping
o Weigh the strengths and limitations of different data
sources
o Consider whether data from different sources could be
linked
o Identify gaps in data availability and ways forward
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5

Determine scope of monitoring Obtain data Analyze data Report results Knowledge translation

B. Determine whether sufficient data are currently available

KEY QUESTION
Are sufficient data available to proceed with
inequality analysis?
CHECKLIST
o Assess the findings of data source mapping
o Weigh the strengths and limitations of different data
sources
o Consider whether data from different sources could be
linked
o Identify gaps in data availability and ways forward
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5

Determine scope of monitoring Obtain data Analyze data Report results Knowledge translation

B. Determine whether sufficient data are currently available

• Select the best available,

KEY QUESTION
reputable data sources that
Are sufficient data available to proceed with contain recent data.
inequality analysis?
CHECKLIST • Consider comparability across
o Assess the findings of data source mapping multiple time points.
o Weigh the strengths and limitations of different data
• Note any limitations or
sources
potential biases and
o Consider whether data from different sources could be understand how they might
linked influence the conclusions of
o Identify gaps in data availability and ways forward monitoring.

• Keep a record of indicator

metadata.
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP
Determine scope of monitoring Obtain data Analyze data
B. Determine whether sufficient data are currently available
Considerations of alternative data sources
Household health surveys
• Often representative of national
Scope
populations
Content
• Tend to collect data about a range of
health topics and dimensions of inequality
Timeliness &
• Usually repeated every 3-5 years
frequency
• May not be representative of key or
underserved populations or remote
Granularity
geographical areas
• Can produce more reliable estimates than
Accuracy administrative data, but may contain
sampling and non-sampling errors
4 STEP 5
Report results Knowledge translation
Administrative data
• Contain information only about people
who interact with the health system
• Limited socio-economic data and no
data on indicators not related to health
services.
• Generally available monthly, with small
lags in time following data collection
• Data available for smaller administrative
levels
• Data may be fragmented or of poor
quality, especially in settings where the
health information system is weak
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5

Determine scope of monitoring Obtain data Analyze data Report results Knowledge translation

B. Determine whether sufficient data are currently available

KEY QUESTION • Linked data can be

Are sufficient data available to proceed with merged through
inequality analysis? individual or small-level
identifiers contained in
CHECKLIST
o Assess the findings of data source mapping both sources.
o Weigh the strengths and limitations of different data
sources
o Consider whether data from different sources could be
linked
o Identify gaps in data availability and ways forward
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5

Determine scope of monitoring Obtain data Analyze data Report results Knowledge translation

B. Determine whether sufficient data are currently available

KEY QUESTION • If data availability and

Are sufficient data available to proceed with quality is a challenge,
inequality analysis? then this may be an
opportunity to advocate
CHECKLIST
o Assess the findings of data source mapping for expanded and
o Weigh the strengths and limitations of different data improved data collection.
sources
o Consider whether data from different sources could be
linked
o Identify gaps in data availability and ways forward
 üA. Conduct data source mapping

STEP
2 üB. Determine whether sufficient
data are currently available

Obtain data
 Best practices for Step 2
• Consider many potential data sources and learn
as much as possible about their strengths and
weaknesses.

• In conducting data source mapping, fill out the

sheets as comprehensively as possible, and
retain them for future reference.
STEP • Use the best available data from reputable
sources. If similar data are available from
2 different sources, delve into the details of the
metadata to understand the underlying
assumptions and methodologies of each.
Obtain data • Identify gaps in data availability and quality and
acknowledge the need for expanded and
improved data collection (for example, as part of
reporting and dissemination activities).