£'000

Business Unit Jan Feb March Total

North 183 177 152 512
South 174 138 130 442
East 147 196 197 540
West 186 107 196 489
Total 690 618 675 1,983

Average 171

=Average(Data)

Data the numbers you want to find the average of

=Average(data) to calculate the average of a set of numbers. The numbers can be in a row, a column, a block, or even spread over multip
locations. Simply point to the numbers and the function will calculate the average.
a block, or even spread over multiple
Contract Division Value £
1 D 8,949
2 A 1,596
3 D 4,674 D 6
4 A 4,256
5 B 5,137
6 C 6,318
7 A 3,181
8 D 4,366 =Countif(Range, Criteria)
9 D 6,467
10 D 7,041 Range Where do you want to look for the test criteria
11 C 5,563 Criteria What are you looking for
12 B 4,252
13 B 3,248
14 D 8,256
15 C 2,813
16 B 2,060
17 A 3,316
18 C 5,796
19 B 5,330
20 C 1,153

=Countif(Range, Criteria) to count how many times a particular event occurs in a set of data. Range is where
you want to look, and Criteria is what you are looking for.
the test criteria

ange is where
Contract Division Product
1 D Food
2 A Food
3 D Food D Non food 3
4 A Non food
5 B Non food
6 C Food
7 A Non food
8 D Food =Countifs(Criteria range 1, Criteria 1, Criteria range 2, Criteria 2...)
9 D Non food
10 D Non food Criteria range Where do you want to look for the test criteria
11 C Non food Criteria What are you looking for
12 B Food
13 B Food
14 D Non food
15 C Food
16 B Food
17 A Food
18 C Non food
19 B Non food
20 C Food

=Countifs(Criteria range 1, Criteria 1, Criteria range 2, Criteria 2...) to count how many times multiple criteria
occur in a set of data. Criteria range is where you are looking and Criteria is what you are looking for. You can
apply multple Ranges and Criteria and the function will calculate how many times all criteria are satisfied.
nge 2, Criteria 2...)

the test criteria

ultiple criteria
ng for. You can
 Number of
Date customers Revenue £
01 Jan 21 95 2,672
02 Jan 21 56 1,827
03 Jan 21 89 2,548 0.79
04 Jan 21 85 1,858
05 Jan 21 90 2,629
06 Jan 21 80 1,980
07 Jan 21 97 2,096
08 Jan 21 80 2,087 =Correl(Array 1, Array 2)
09 Jan 21 52 1,751
10 Jan 21 51 1,040 Array 1 First set of data
11 Jan 21 77 1,621 Array 2 Second set of data
12 Jan 21 82 2,379
13 Jan 21 65 1,924
14 Jan 21 55 1,346
15 Jan 21 66 2,015
16 Jan 21 68 1,722
17 Jan 21 99 2,930
18 Jan 21 72 1,550
19 Jan 21 69 1,393
20 Jan 21 72 2,162

=Correl(Array 1, Array 2) to calculate the correlation coefficent between two sets of data. Simply point to the first
set of data (Array 1) then the second (Array 2) and the function will calculate the correlation coefficient.
Simply point to the first
on coefficient.
Contract Value Commission Commission
£ £ rate
1 8,949 895 6,000 Below 5.0%
2 1,000 50 Above or = 10.0%
3 4,674 234
4 4,256 213
5 5,137 257
6 10,000 1,000
7 3,181 159
8 4,366 218 =If(logical test, value if true, value if false)
9 6,467 647
10 7,041 704 Logical test A statement which can be either true or false
11 5,563 278 Value if true What we want to see if the statement is true
12 4,252 213 Value if false What we want to see if the statement is false
13 3,248 162
14 8,256 826
15 2,813 141
16 2,060 103
17 3,316 166
18 5,796 290
19 5,330 267
20 1,153 58

=If(logical test, value if true, value if false) to return one of two different outputs depending on the outcome
of a particular true/false test. Logical test is a statement which can be either true or flase, followed by the
outcome if true, and the outcome if false, separated by commas
 can be either true or false
ee if the statement is true
ee if the statement is false

on the outcome
ollowed by the
 Cash
Year flow
1 (10,000)
2 1,000 20.3%
3 634
4 7,362
5 231
6 1,232
7 3,181
8 4,366 =IRR(values, guess)
9 1,467
10 7,041 Values the particular cash flows
Guess an estimate of the IRR

Zero cash flow must be a hardcode 0 rather

than an empty cell

=IRR(values, guess) to calcluate the internal rate of return of a series of cash flows (the discount rate
which results in zero net present value of the cash flows). Simply point to the cash flows to calculate the
IRR. The GUESS is only needed if you suspect that there might be more than one IRR and it can help
determine the correct answer.
 Cash
Year flow
1 (10,000)
2 1,000 Finance rate 6.0% Funding cost for the project
3 634 Reinvest rate 1.0% Rate of return on any proceeds reinvested
4 7,362
5 231 MIRR 11.8%
6 1,232
7 3,181
8 4,366 =MIRR(values, finance rate, reinvest rate)
9 1,467
10 7,041 Values the particular cash flows
Finance rate the rate of financing
Reinvest rate the reinvestment rate

=MIRR(values, finance rate, reinvest rate) to calculate the modified internal rate of return of a series of cash
flows. The modified IRR is the overall effective periodic rate of return on an investment given a particular
funding cost (finance rate) and reinvestment rate (at which surplus cash proceeds can be reinvested).
a series of cash
 Cash
Year flow
-- (10,000)
1 234 Discount rate 4.0%
2 1,000
3 634 NPV 1,413
4 362
5 231
6 1,232
7 3,181 =NPV(rate, values)
8 4,366
9 1,467 Rate the discount rate
10 2,352 Values the cash flows

=NPV(rate, values) to calculate the Net Present Value of a series of cash flows, given a particular discount
rate. The NPV is the sum of the present values of all of the future cash flows (first cash flow must be at the
END of the first period) and is calculated by pointing first to the discount rate and then to the stream of
cash flows.
Number 6
Raised to the power 5

Power 7,776

=Power(number, power)
7,776
Number the number
Power the power

=Power(number, power) to raise a number to particular power (multiply it by itself a number of times)
 Cash
Year flow
--
1 (300) rate 4.0%
2 (300) nper 10
3 (300) pmt (300)
4 (300) PV 2,433
5 (300)
6 (300)
7 (300) =PV(rate, nper, pmt)
8 (300)
9 (300) rate the discount rate
10 (300) nper number of periods
pmt regular periodic payment

=PV(rate, nper, pmt) to calculate the present value of an investment that returns constant periodic payments.
Rate is the discount rate, nper is the number of periods and pmt is the regular constant payment.
periodic payment

nt periodic payments.
Contract Value £ Rank
1 4,949 12
2 1,596 2
3 4,674 11
4 4,256 9
5 5,137 13
6 6,318 17
7 3,181 5
8 4,366 10 =Rank(Number, Ref, Order)
9 6,467 18
10 7,041 19 Number the number you want to rank
11 5,563 15 Ref the array of numbers for the ranking
12 4,252 8 Order ascending or descending order
13 3,248 6
14 8,256 20
15 2,813 4
16 2,060 3
17 3,316 7
18 5,796 16
19 5,330 14
20 1,153 1

=Rank(Number, Ref, Order) to determine where in a list of numbers a particular number is,
in either ascending or descending order. Number is the particular number, Ref is the list of
numbers and Order is the opportunity to state whether you want to rank in ascending or
descending order
Initial investment 1,000
Term (years) 8
Cash interest rate 4.0%
Proceeds at maturity 1,500

RATE 8.6% =Rate(nper, pmt, pv, fv, type)

nper number of periods

pmt regular periodic cash flow
pv present value
fv future value
type payment at start or end of period?

=Rate(nper, pmt, pv, fv, type) to calculate the effective interest rate of an investment comprising
a number of periods (nper), a regular periodic cash flow (pmt), the first cash flow (pv) and the
final cash flow (fv). The final Type field is used to specify whether cash flows are deemed to take
place at the start or end of a time period.
end of period?
Unit cost £ Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct

Ceramic tile 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

Porcelain tile 2.63 4.34 8.62 6.35 7.81 8.35 3.84 6.33 7.96 6.23

=STDEV(Data)

Data the numbers you want to calculate the standard deviation of

=STDEV(Data) to calculate the Standard Deviation (measure of dispertion) of a set of numbers. Simply point to the
numbers within the function to calculate the standard deviation.
 Standard
Nov Dec Deviation

4.00 4.00 --

7.32 1.73 2.31

. Simply point to the

 Revenue Costs Profit Margin
Business Unit £ £ £ %

1 25,515 11,123 14,392 56.4%

2 88,416 61,630 26,786 30.3%
3 43,125 14,156 28,969 67.2%
4 67,252 13,744 53,508 79.6%
5 84,124 33,088 51,036 60.7%
6 54,110 3,027 51,083 94.4% =Sum(values)
7 94,689 24,151 70,538 74.5%
8 38,629 6,741 31,888 82.5% values the numbers you want to sum
9 78,286 42,093 36,193 46.2%
10 25,419 1,804 23,615 92.9%
11 45,345 5,284 40,061 88.3%
12 51,242 1,730 49,512 96.6%
13 99,195 56,404 42,791 43.1%
14 88,246 61,082 27,164 30.8%
TOTAL 883,593 336,056 547,537 62.0%

=Sum(values) to add up a set of numbers. Simply point to the numbers to add them up.
bers you want to sum
Contract Division Value £
1 D 8,949
2 A 1,596
3 D 4,674 D 39,753
4 A 4,256
5 B 5,137
6 C 6,318
7 A 3,181
8 D 4,366 =Sumif(Range, Criteria, SumRange)
9 D 6,467
10 D 7,041 Range Where do you want to look for the test criteria
11 C 5,563 Criteria What are you looking for
12 B 4,252 SumRange Which numbers do you want to add up
13 B 3,248
14 D 8,256
15 C 2,813
16 B 2,060
17 A 3,316
18 C 5,796
19 B 5,330
20 C 1,153

=Sumif(Range, Criteria, SumRange) to add up numbers if a certain test is passed. Range if where you
want to look, Criteria is what are you looking for and SumRange is the range of numbers you want to
add up.
the test criteria
Absolute Cell References

Example 1

Interest rate 3.0%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Loan 1,000 900 810 729 656 590 531 478

Interest 30 27 24 22 20 18 16 14

Example 2

Cash flows 116 310 867 981 933 561 582 574

Investor A 40.0% 46 124 347 392 373 224 233 230

Investor B 60.0% 70 186 520 589 560 337 349 344

When pasting a formula somewhere else you will want each particular cell reference in that formula to either
move with you, not move at all, slide along the row or move up and down the column. This is achieved by
tapping Fn 4 to invoke the $$s which will lock (or anchor) the row, the column, or both.
 9 10
430 387

13 12

627 882

251 353
376 529

that formula to either

This is achieved by
Formatting

Decimal points 12.33

Currency € 2,000.00

Percentage 30.00%

There are numerous ways you can format data in excel. Some of the more common methods involve decimal points,
currency options and percentages, but there are many others.
involve decimal points,
Contract Value £ Category
1 8,949 large
2 1,596 small 2,000 small
3 4,674 medium 6,000 medium
4 4,256 medium large
5 5,137 medium
6 6,318 large
7 3,181 medium
8 4,366 medium =If(test 1, true, If(test 2, true, false))
9 6,467 large
10 7,041 large test What is the test?
11 5,563 medium true What do you want to see if it is true?
12 4,252 medium false What do you want to see if it is false?
13 3,248 medium
14 8,256 large
15 2,813 medium
16 2,060 medium
17 3,316 medium
18 5,796 medium
19 5,330 medium
20 1,153 small

=If(test 1, true, If(test 2, true, false)) to return particular a particular outcome if a certain test (1) is
true, otherwise to return different outcomes if a second test is either true or false.
o see if it is true?
o see if it is false?
Contract Value £ Category
1 8,949 large
2 1,596 small 2,000 small
3 4,674 medium 6,000 medium
4 4,256 medium large
5 5,137 medium
6 6,318 large
7 3,181 medium
8 4,366 medium =Ifs(test 1, true, test 2, true, test 3, true)
9 6,467 large
10 7,041 large test What is the test?
11 5,563 medium true What do you want to see if it is true?
12 4,252 medium
13 3,248 medium
14 8,256 large
15 2,813 medium
16 2,060 medium
17 3,316 medium
18 5,796 medium
19 5,330 medium
20 1,153 small

=Ifs(test 1, true, test 2, true, test 3, true) to return a particular outcome if a test (1) is
true, otherwise to return a different outcome if a second test is true, or a third (etc..)
test is true.
o see if it is true?
 Date Cash flow
01 Jan 22 (3,000)
01 Feb 22 300
20 Mar 22 300
20 Apr 22 300
20 May 22 500
17 Aug 22 300
17 Sep 22 300
17 Oct 22 500 =XIRR(values, dates, guess)
14 Nov 22 300
14 Dec 22 300 values the cash flows
dates the dates of the cash flows
XIRR 6.1% guess a guess for the IRR

=XIRR(values, dates, guess) to calculate the internal rate of return for a series
of cash flows which take place on particular known dates.
s of the cash flows
Contract Division Food/Drink Value £
1 D Drink 8,949
2 A Food 1,596 Division Food/Drink Value £
3 D Food 4,674 B Drink 5,137
4 A Drink 4,256
5 B Drink 5,137
6 C Drink 6,318
7 A Food 3,181
8 D Food 4,366 =Sumifs(Sum range, Criteria range 1, Criteria 1, Criteria
9 D Drink 6,467
10 D Food 7,041 Sum range The numbers do you want to add up
11 C Drink 5,563 Criteria range 1 Where you want to look for your first
12 B Food 4,252 Criteria 1 What you are looking for (test 1)
13 B Food 3,248
14 D Food 8,256
15 C Drink 2,813
16 D Drink 2,060
17 A Drink 3,316
18 C Food 5,796
19 B Food 5,330
20 D Drink 1,153

=Sumifs(Sum range, Criteria range 1, Criteria 1, Criteria range 2, Criteria 2) to add up the totals
for line items that meet multiple critria.
 ange 1, Criteria 1, Criteria range 2, Criteria 2)

mbers do you want to add up

ou want to look for your first test
u are looking for (test 1)
Umbrella sales as a function of monthly rainfall

Monthly Umbrellas
rainfall (mm) sold

67 4,743
24 612
78 6,766
61 4,410 = TREND (known ys, known xs, new xs, constant)
14 310
known ys the known values on the y axi
50 3,487 known xs the known values on the x axi
new xs the x value for which you are l
constant option to set the y axis interce

= TREND (known ys, known xs, new xs, constant) to determine values for y for an
equivalent value for x based on a linear relationship between known values of x
and y
, known xs, new xs, constant)

the known values on the y axis

the known values on the x axis
the x value for which you are looking for y
option to set the y axis intercept to 0