ÄULTIMATE

Learning Series

carl E. Balita, EdD, DrHorn, MAN, RN, RM. CPT

eneral Education 2021 Edition \

ÜiLETs
 Ambrosio Bautista is the author of the Declaration of Philippine Independence
"America is in the Heart" is Carlos Bulusanrs celebrated autobiography
An allusion is a popular literary device used to develop characters. frame storylines,
and create associations to well-known works
Apostrophe is used as a substitute for a missing letter or letters in • in the
contraction cannot = can't), to show the possessive room), in the plural letters.
Some numbers and abbreviations

An editorial is an article written by the editorial staff from a specific perspective. It

offers the newspapers view of an issue.

An elegy is a poem that reflects death or loss

An epic poem is a narrative work of poetry.
 An ed hominem argument is one that relies on personal attacks

Anaphora is the repetition of a word or phrase the at the beginning of a series of

Angel Magahum is called Literary Colossus of Visayas.

Animal Farm, published in 1945, was rejected by a
•it is impossible to sell animal stories-in the
Arx•llo is called "the most ci all He is also Galled the Lord of Silver and ttE Archer.d.
&ücies a sutdass'O are noun-nurking MYdS. USUdiy
mrne before the nouns
LiWy is the of the very first library in the
Assonance is the vo.•æl sourwi in a eard rmtchæ scnnd
in a nearby surrounding consonant sounds are different
At the beyder muntries there is a port where fishernW1 work. The fishermen do not tre
larwage, so cornrrwnirzte that has EEen invented only .seoftrade. This scenario most
accurately describes a pidgin.
group of people wqthin hear@• specifically a group of pec*e lister" to
a , etc; ttV' crowd sæing a stage performance.
is a writer best known for his moblenVsocial g*ay like

to syrrbOJs to *Btract end in twir

2
English
Bahasa Malaysia the Asian language nearest ta Filipinov

BaJagtas is the Filipino poet snubbed by Sisiw.

Bantugan is me hero of the Maranaw epic Darangen.
Behavicrisrn or cognitivism is a philosophy of education that teÜers can adopé%•
Beowulf is considered the oldest epjc in England.
Bibliography is a list of sources used in the study
Blank verse is a poetry 'Mitten with a precise rneter — almost always iambic pentameter —
that does not rhyme.

of
 without

Book burning is the event that rnarked the

Business section contains business profites

Carpe diem is a Latin phrase translated as enjoy,the pleasures concern for the future.

Charnporado with rnilk is my favorite sna9k on rainy dÅys.

Charies Dickens wrote the novel "A Christmas.Carol" uvhich about a man who hates
Christrnas.

Clernente Zulueta is the Historian of the ReVolution,

Clin-%.x is the most intense or exciting moment in the story when something happens to
decide the outcorne of the conflict

Colloquialism is the Ike of czgual and informal language in %iting, Which can also
indude sang.
Conditional tenses.are to speculate about what could happen„ what night have happened,
and:what wish would happen,

Connotation is an that is in-plied or suggested.

Couplet is name given to pair of rhyming lines ot verse t•tat are self-contained in and
meaning.

My , is an of apostrophe,
is the ability to carefulty comprehend and evauate infcrmation by
visual rnedia.

Dante Alighieri is the author Of the work inferno, Purgatario and Par"so.
is the rnost direct or specific meaning or a '.•nrd or exJwessOn.

Denouertent is the outcorne of a cornplex sequence of

zon
 Dionisio Salazar is Pa
lanca Awardee for Play
Docurnentary utilizes authentic evidence as its basis for portraying recent historical

DRTA in

reading

Elizabeth Browning was criticized.

Emily is a dashes liberally for emphasis,

English Sonnet: :
Epifanio delos Santos

Estella Alfon wrote the short story "Magnificence,"

Eugene O'Neill is the drarnatisl known as the

Exposition is •when the narrative reader understand what is going on.

F. Scott Fitzgerald explored the consequences of Wing to live the American dream, and
questioned society s definition of SUGGesS and prcgess in his novel 'The Great Gatsby,"
Faulty parallelism occurs v.hen mofe parts of a sentence are similar in meaning mit not
parallel (or grammaticauy simlar) in form.
 English
Faust is a character based ontrue toMe person,
Feature articles report about ah 'issue, person, or event With added depth and more
background details.

Feedback is the réæiversr'erbal and nonverbal responses to a message. such as a nod for
(nonverbal), a ra•sed eyebrow for being umfused (nonverbal), or asking a questiryn Oclarify the
message (verbal),

Fi"pino as a language blossomed during the Japanese occupation.

FlasFbacks to previous events split up present-day scenes in a story, usually to

Forehadowing
toward a big reveal, is when the author hints at events yet to corne in a Sta-y.
verse poetry is poetry' that lacks a consistent rhyme scheme. metrical pattern, or form.

Genoveva Edroza Matute is the I Palanca Awardee for short story.

Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales was Mitten in the 1461 century.

WI WLETs: 2021 4
English
Gilganesh is considered as the Mesopotamian great hero and son of goddess Ninsun
%lhose stories are tdd in Sumerian and Babylonan poems_
Haiku is a tradtional Japanese poem with three lines and 17 syllables.
Help@! is an exarrve Of derivational rnorpherne.
Homer wrote the epic Iliad and Odyssey.
How Filipanos acceptorstory new family
treat "f-iow
a the
My Brother Brought Home a meg by Manuel
Arguilla.
is an exaggerated staternent staternent's the
actual meaning.

Inugery appeals to readers' senses through highly

whole
In Hindu Mythology, a cosn•ic; truth that •Il one" vs held.
man's his
In Canaanite mythology, Baal is said to be in charge Of survival is dependent upon
provision.
In developmental reading, phonics pertains to the ability of the learner to relate the
written symbols to ts corresponding sound.
In eeveiopmental reading, iwareness pertains to the familiarity 01 the students toward the
sounds of me language

In Græk mythology, Helen Of Troy the most beautiful woman in the world. A daughter
of the god Zeus she is best known for the part she played in causing the Trojan

In Hindu mythology. Brahrm is traditionally depicted with four heads, four faces and four
arrns_ He symbolizes the:suprerne eternal deity whose essence pervades the entire

In Hindu traditÜ1, VIShöis regarded as the preserver of the universe, while Sh va as

In his Inaugur*Ajdress, John F. Kennedy set the tone Of his speech by opening
with corm-rents on renewal and change.

a Latin term that rneans "in the midst of things" and is a way of
starting a
mythdogy, •itiout exvnsition Or cnntextual information.

I
often act as earthen sniths whereas
beings described as and troll are glossed as
giants.

the n One Moiave Of his This poetYÉ, is an the exarnple Filipino of author
smile.Zulueta da Costa said that the Filipinos are like

n IRI rneans Inforrnal Reading Inventory.

English
Intonation is illustrated in the fOllOV"ing example: In English, the statement "Pv'larian
is a linguist' ends with a fall in pitchi while as a question, "Marianis a linguist?" the
pitch goes up.
Jacee was confused she read the printout offher spech because it had slashes
after some words. seeing a double slash, she should pause for a full second,
John Keats is responsible for the now immortal is
"Beauty truth, truth beauty — that is
a111Ye know on earh, and all ye need to kn

Jose Rizal's novel Noli Me Tangere is inspted b' 'the novel written by Harriet
Beecher Stowe Bltitled Uncle Ton-rs Cabin.

Juxtaposition places two or moreossirnilar charactersr themes, concepts, etc. side by side,
and the profound contrast h@llights their differences.

Kabuki the drarna of Japanese

K•nnto ni Mabuti, writteriby æsppveva E- balatute won Palenca Awards for short
story.

Latino is the term for a persmVho cnuld read and Mite in Spanish and Tagalog.

Leo Tolstoy, the gæat NL—an short story witer wrote "God sees the truth but waits-

Leo "t Story about a man falsely judged and accused of murder is entitled "God Sees
The but waits. "
Leona Flore—g the of the Philippine.
Lewis was the author of the fan-ious 'AJice's Adventures in

Greatest Chinese Poet before the Revolution.

ing is the ability to accurately receive and interpret in the nieation process

Speaking, Reading and Writing are collectively known as Macro Skills.

English
Lualhati Bautista as a writer becarne known TOC her honesl realism, courageous
exploration of Philippine wornen's issues, and her compelling female protagonists, who
oonfront diffia.llt situations at horne and in the workplac,e with unrnrnrn.on grit and

Magno "Carlo" Jose Caparas, "dely known as Carlo u. Caparas. is a Filipino stnp
creator/writer-turnea director and proctucer, vvho is best known for creating, sucn

Filipino superheroes and comic book characters

consist of both verbal am non-verbal
elernentsv Your words arg how you deliver them
equally make up the balance Of your message.

Mi ultimo Adios is considered as Rizal's best

work.
Minerva is the Roman goddess of
visdornr•leither Jordan nor his brothers are
leaving the connpany.
Ninay is the Filipino Social Novel by Pedro Pater@A
Noise exists in all aspects communication. thus, no rnessage is received exactly as
the sender intends, despite his or her best efforts, becausegf the ever-presence af

noise in communication.
Nonverbal corrvnunication is usually Ljhderstoöd as the process of
sending and receiving wordless, rnostly visual. cues between people.
Oedipus successfully get rid of the@hinx by correctly solving its riddle 'What creature gæs
on four feet In the morning, two feet at noonday, and on three feet in the eveningr"

Oscar Wilde was the Gharr•n of the "art for art's sake n philosophy, which means,
roughly, that the aesthetic, or beauty, operates independently of any other
consideration.
Parentheses are curved lines used to separate explanations or qualifying staternents
Within a sentence. Each one of the curved lines is (Riled a parenthesis. The part in the
parentheses is called a parenthetical remark
Pascual P0bIete is the Father of Filipino Newspapers.
Pedro SerranO Laktaw is the Filipino TCItor of Spanish King.
and superstitions are very diverse. It includes a mllection of tales
and superstitions about magical creatures and entities like kapre, as-yang,
mapgkukulam, duwende, tiyanak, etc.
English
Norrnal University is the First American School in the
Philippines that aims in the Filipinos how to use the English
Lar•quage.
P
oetry is a type of literature that conveys a thought, describes a
Of scene or tells a story in a lyrical arrangement of v•ards view
is the mode of narration in a story.

connotes
progressive tense actims that are happening at present tirne, meaning right

Prose is defined as any writing that is not broken up into poetic lines or in

metrical stnEture. writ'

was a sculptor who fell in love, deeply, passionately in love with t"'
L
tüÜ he had made.

Quotaticm rturks are used at beginning Md end of a phrase to show it is beirq

written exactly as was originally said or written,

Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote the essay "Self Rehance," mentimS that -envy is
ig-,oranæ wfile imitation is suicide,
Reading involves decoding symbols with the intention deriving from ttE text.

Robinson Crusoe is often called the first true novel English'

Sender is someone who encodes and sends a rmess.* toa receiver through a particular
channel; the ntiator of corrvrunication.

Sentence are sentences that do not have one indeperujent dause,

future tense Of the verb has ah expressian of thir* rright or what we intend
to happen.

Social aspect is the focus of L&ka-nisa.

Soliloquy refers to the pass* in a drarna in n•hich a character expresses his thoughts or
feelings aloud 'Mile alone upon the stage or %dth the other actors keeping silent.

Speech Comnunication is the study or how people generate shared rneaning throu$l the
use ot verbal and nonverbal symbols,

Subjects and verbs rrut Agree with one another in nurnber (singular or plural).
Thus, if a sut*ct is sing&. its verb rnust also be singular; if a subject is plural, its
verb must also be plural.
Eng»sh
as the Greatest Indian Miter, bkrk of a is
a verse known as a stanza,
is called the protagonist.
inadrat'na
The chÅnnel is the methodi either auditory c« visual, that is used to transrnit rnessage

The execution of GornBurZa inspired Rizars El Filibusterismo.

The father of drarnatic criticisrn is Aristotle.

ration
The film "Gona with the VMnd" is amut the American Civil War.

The fire that destroyed One hundred homes Was believed tn have been by
loose electrical: connections,

The first page of a newspaper includes the title. all the publication information, the index.
and the main Stories that Will capture the rnost attention,

The fiundarnenta[ demand of a plays characters is that they

rnake the audience.are.
The hero of Ifugao in the epic Hudhud is Aliguyon.
The ideas being presented by the speaker are altogether
confusing,

The line. "l shall come to you again With the starlight, and the scent of champacas,
nneans the speaker wants his lover to keep
and cherish their memories in her heart.

The literary piece which opens vittl the

children, except one grew up." is Peter

[n the Obby.
The novel Crime Punishment Was Written
by Fyodor
The participants in the global warming
The passive voice ernphesizes the recipientof theaction or sometirnes the action
itself_
The Philippines largest drug store is named after the Roman gods' messenger-
The planets of the solar system have rnythobgical references. They are based on
Ronun Mythology.
The playwright is tha point of origin Of nearly every produün.
English
The Poet of Love is JoseCMüoti de Jesus,
The relationship of Zeus and Jupiter is counterpart.
The Shakespeare ot IrQis Kalidasa_
The speaker i? initiator of (Mnmunication.

The type or:novel which became popular in the 18th century is epistolary,
The wog i'renalssance• is French for rebirth.
The• theater is derived frorn the Greek word "theatron" * ich rræans seeing place,

"gym, mic, and TV" are torrned through clipping.

T
he zero conditional is used for Mien the tirne being referred to is now or always and the
situation is real and possible.
is the subject matter Of a conversation or discussion.
9
English
Theatrical conventions are the agreements between audienæ and actor wherein the
audienæ willingly suspends belief and accepts the play as new or temporary' "reality,

Theomachy is the battle among the gods of supremacy between good and in
mythologies.

Tone refers to the overall rmod and rressage of your book. It is established through
variety of rneanS, including voice, characterization, symbolism, and themes.
Viewing refers to the ability to perceive rneaning from visual it-nages and presentations.

Visual Literacy is the ability to interpret meaning from visual

imagesr

Voice pertains to who Of What serves as the subject a clause.

War and peace is a t-uistorical novel about Napoleonic invasion in
'812.
Washington Irving is a novelist and essayist noted for his "MdnighVs Children" and "The
Satanic Verses" Which prompted Iran's Ayatollah Kht:gneini to Issue a fatwa
against him. because Muslims considered the book blasphemous.

Waste not, want not, rneans do nat waste things and you will always have enoLOh.

Mlfredo Ma. Guerrero considered themost outstanding among Filipino playmights_

William Faulkner wrote the Short story " A Roselor Errily.•

William Shakespeare wrote 38 plays, 1S4 soknets, and 2 epic narrative poems.
WIIiam Shakespeare wrote the line "IN-here ignorance is bliss, it is folly to be

WIIiarn Tyndale is the Father of English prose wh

Chaucer is the father of

irony. of sorre aspect human nature or society —

usually

of using symbols to cornrnunicate thotEt1ts and

ideas in a readable
 001

"Daig ng maegap ang masipag." Ito ay isang uri ng salawikain,

Aking adhika rnakita kang Säkda/ laya_
Ang taludtod ay mula sa "Bayan Ko" ni Jose Corazon De Jesus.
alamin ang mga tirahan ng Pilipino sa bayang lyon ax, ang uriÉr»g

Ang •1001 Tales of Arabian Nights ng Arabia at persye na nagsasaad ng ma

uga[ing pampamahalaan, panlipunanr pangkabuhayan at panrelihiyon ng mga
Silanganin,

Ang akademikong rejister ay rejister na ginagamit sa mga paarafan, ng rnga

imporrnasyong pampubliko, pananaliksik, pakikjpagdebate o paghahain ng talumpati o
pagbelektura.

Ang aklat na naglalaman ng buhay at pagpapakasakit ni HesukristO ay ang

Pasyon.

Ang alarnat ay isang uri ng panitikan na nagsasaadng sumuBin ng mga bagay

o tao sa

Ang Ama ng Tulang Tagalog ay si Francisco Balagtas.

Ang Ama ng Wikang Pambansa ay si Manuel

Ang Ain Cu Pung Singsing ay awiting bayan ng mga Kapampangan.

Ang Awit ay tulang pasalaysay na may pakSang kababalaghan at ito ay rnay sukat
na labndaEav,eng pantig sa bawat tal awit pangkasal ay tinatawag na
diona.
Ang Banal na Aklat ay pagpapahayag ng mgs darndamin ng tao hinggil sa bagay
bagay sa daigdig, sa pamumuhay at pan-ahalaan. at sa kaugnayan ng kaluluv.sa sa
Bathalang Lunnikha.

Ang bersyong pay* nabinibigkas se mga orasyon lemayan ay tinata•av4 na

Duplo.
 Ang bugtong åyeisang rnaikling tulang karaniwang naglalarawan ng isang beqay
na siyang
pahuhulaan.

aysalitang I lakanov Baiagtasan naman ito sa Tagalog

malayang daloy ng mga ideya at iniisip; rnakasulat ng isang sanaysay

reaksyon at pagsusuri ng isang binasa o iba pang karanasan_
CBCarkerbury Tales ni ChauGer Inglatera ay naglalarewan ng pananatnpalataya at ng rnga
Ingles noong unang panahon

Ang Crisotan ay navngahulugan ng balagtasan sa Tagalog„ Ito ay hango sa

pangalan ni Juan Crisostorno Sotto %Arna ng panltikang Kaparrvangan."
Aking tatalupan ang pinyä upang matiEman rno.
tl

Ajas kuwatro hapon nang bawian ng buhay si Pedro.

Ang avang pampatulog ng bata ay tinatawag na oyayi.
kumintang ay awit ng tagumpay pagkatapos
makipagdigma,

Ang datos tungkol sa t•nga naninirahan sa bawat

bahay ay nalilikom ng rnga tagà•SenSus ng bahay-
bahay.
upang
Ang Dayalêktal ay pinakamabilis na paraan ng
pagpapayaman

Ang Deskripsyon ng Mekanismo ay kinapapalooban ng makalikha ng isang bagay

gamit ang biswal na pantulong.

Ang diptonggo ay salitang nagtataglay ng pantig at malapatinig na w aí y-

Ang Divina Cornedia ni Dante ng Italya, ay naqtataglay• ng ulat hinggil sa
pananampalataya, moralidad at pag-uugali ng panahon ng kinauukulanr

Ang Doctrina Cristiana ang unang aklat na nalirrbag sa Filipinas na ng

Pareng sa Maynila na si Padre Dorningo de Nieva.
Ang dula ay isang uri ng akdang pampanitikan pinakalayunin ay
fijatanghal sa tanghalan
 Ang El Cid Campeador ro Espanya ay nagpapahayag ng katangiang panlahi ng mga
Kastila at ng alarnat at kasaysayang pambansa noong unang pana:hon.

Ang El Filibusterisrno ay inihandpg ni Rzal sa GomBurZa.

Ang elehiya ay tulang nagpapahayag ng pangunguli[a o pagkalungkot na kaugnay
ng

Ang Filipinong tumuklas' ng lirnbagãn sa Pilipinas ay si Tomas Pinpin.

A-vg Florante at Laura ay and pinakabantog at pinakannahalagang avit na nasulat ni
Francisco
Baltazar.

Ang gamit o ng wika upang manatili ang pakikipagkapwa-tao ay interaksyonal,

A•ng ganapan ay arig kaganapan ng pandiwa sa pangungusap na "Naglaro ng
basketball se CERC Arena ang koponan ng aming parnantasan-"

Ang ghtong panahon ng mga manunulat noong panahon ng Arnenkano ey batid sa uri
maik/ing kwento.

s ay tawag sa pagitan ng babagtingang pantinig na dinaraanan ng

Ang Wnarrit ng kalipunan ng rnga dásel satirical panunuligsa sa rnga

pray/e ay si H. Del Pilar.
Ang hurruili sa alibata ay ang Sanskritow
12
Edition
Ang Hulyo 4, 2954 AD, na nagkamit ng unan,g gantimpala sa Gawad Palanca ay ang
muikling kuvmnto-
Ang Iliad at Odyssey ni Hon-ver ay batay sa kaligiran
ng rnitolahiya o paa/arnatan
Gresya.

Ang ina ay malayo.

Ang inilalarawan sa saknong ay ang lumang
simbahan.
Ang interpersonal na komunikasyon ay
nagaganap sa rrga tao, o sa isang tao at
isang rnaliit na pangkat

Ang intrapersonal ay kornunikasyang

pansarili, nagaganap sa i$ng
 Arg iskaning ay pagbasang naghananap ng uyak na itinuturing na arna ng
katipunan ay si Andres Bonifacio.
Ang kaswal na panonood ay irnpormal at di nabibigyang pansin ang rnga detalye,

Ang kauna — unahang Pambansang Alagad ng Sining sa Pánitikang Filipino ay Si

A.maao
V.

Ang klaster ay magkakabit na dalawang rnagkaibeng katinjg sa isang pantig

Ang kolokyal ay salitang bilang invormal„

Ang kornunikasyong pangkaunlaranay naglalayong gamitin sa pagpapaunled Sansa

Ang koponang De La Salle at koponang Ateneo ay rnagsinghusay sa basketbol

Ang Korido ay tulang pasataysay na may paksang kababalaghan at maalamat. Ita

ay isang sukat na may walong pantig sa bawat taludtod

Ang kñtikal panonood ay pagkuha ng ibã't ibang imporrnasyon mula sa t•tVa

detalye na binibigyang pansin upa" rnakabuo ng ganap na pag-aanalisa. Ang
kunnatha og himig Pambansang Awit ay si Julian Felipe.
Ang kuwit ay ng mga salita-
Ang Maikling Kwento ay isang maikling katha na kung saan ito ay nagsasalaysay
ng pang araw-a.raw na buhary na may isa o ilang tauhan, may isang pangyayari at
isang kakintaan.

AngMalaya ay uri ng Sanaysay na di pangkaraniwan ang paksa at tinatalakay nang

ayon Sa sariling istilo ng manunulat

Ángsmtay akda ng caeaquilaan ng Dios' ay si Marcelo H. del Pilar,

may Wastong garnit ng tirig ng pandiwa ay ang "Kinuha ni Marie ang hinog na
papaya sa puno."

A-,g maysakit sa ospital ay nang totoo bago pa rnan dunnating ang

kanyang ina na giing sa lalawigan
Ang nEodranna o di_iang musical na TTvay tatluhing yugto ay arug Sarswela.
Ang mga akdang pangwika ay Arte Y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala, Cornpendio
de la lengua Tagala Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala, Vocabulario de la
 Lengua Pampango, Vocabulano de la Leraua Bisaya, Arte de la Lengua
Blcolana, at Arte de la Lengua
lloka kundi upang

Ang rnga nagsisulát hindi upang

basahin rnanunulat aoong propesiyon
panahon ni Balagtas.
ay

Ang mga pahayag na hurnihimok upang kumilos o directives.

Ang salitang: magbasa, umibig, rnaligaya. padis ay pare-parehong may unlapi.

Ang rrga uri ng pangungusap na walang paksa ay: (1) ang Oksistensyal kung ginamitan
salitang "wala o mayroon"•, (2) ang modal Rung ginamitan ng salitang
nais'pwede,/maan: (3) ang panlipunan ay tungkol sa pagbati o paghigay galang: ang (4)
sarnbitla ay biglang samblt na rnay masidhing damdamin; at (5) eng temporal ay
panandaliang kalagayan o pananon.
morpema ay naD.ubuc kapag ang ponerna ay pinagsama at maaaring makabuo
ng malift ne yunit Salita.

rnorpolohiya ay tawag sa pag-aaral ng mga rrorperna ng isang wika at ng

pagsasama ng rnga ita upang makabuo ng salita.

Ang Mosaic Law ay ang ang katumbas "Dekalogo" ni Apolinario Mabini na

nagsasaad ng aral sa Filipina.

Ang nagkarnit ng unang gantimpala sa Timpalak ng pagsUat ng maikling kuwento

noong panahon ng Hapon ay ang KuwentO ni Mabuti,

Ang nagtatag ng Diaryong Tagalog ay si Marcela H. del Pilar.

Ang Ninay ay isang nobela na nagpatanyag kay Pedro Paterno al

kaunaunahang nob€lang panlipunen sa Kastila.
Ang nobela ay isang mahabang salaysay na nahahati sa mga kabanata, Ito rin ay
sumasakop ng mahabang panahon na ginagalawan ng maraning tauhan.

Ang pagsasalaysay ay pagpapahayag na may layuning rnagkuw•ento ng mga

pangyayari

Ang pagsasaling-wika ay isang sining na ipinahahayag sa sariling wika ang anumang

*nasusulat.

Ang pagsasalita ay tumutuoy kakayahan ng indiàidwal na maipahayag ang kanyang naisio,

nararamdaman, at pinaniniwa/aan.
 Ang pahayagan ng katipunan ay ang Kalayaan.
01 '—ral Eúc:atjon nunETE2021 Eau•n
Ang pagsulat ay gamitin upang isatitik ang isang konsepto, paniniwala, saloobin at rnga
ideya sa pamamagitan ng pagsulat.

mg pakikinig na ayaw mapag-usapan ang isang paksa ay tinatawag na red flag listeni
ng.

Ang Parnatiig ay uri ng panghalip na ginagamit sa pagtuturo ng hayop,

taor

Ang Panüalana ay pangngalang turnutukoy sa pangkalntang

Ang
diwa pansin sa ftl,ga rnanunulat sa Kastila€ Ingles
a!.Taga/og ay

Ang Pangatnig ay kataga, salita o grupo ng ntga salitang nagpapekita ng pa"augnay ng

isang santa at iSä pang salita at isang kaisipan sa isa kaisipan.

Ang Panghalip ay tawag sa katagang ma, ng at g n' ginaganmt sa pagitan ng dalawäng

salitang ang isa ay naglalarawan at ang isa ay milalarawan.

Ang pangrusang kornunikasyon ay nagaganap sa pagitan ng malavækang media, tuiad

ng radyo, IV, Internet, pahayagan, at iba pa,
Ang pangngalang tambalan ay bnubuo dalayæng rnagkaibang salitang pinag-iisa at
may dalawang rnorpernang malaya.

Ang Pang-ukol ay bahagi ng paunalitang nagsasabi kung saang 000k o bagay ang
pinag-uukulan ng kilos, gawa, belak O layon

Ang pangungusap ay isang sambitlangmay patapos na himig sa

Ang panitikan ay galing sa salltang-ugat na titik isang paraan ng ng mga
damdamin ng tao hingqil sa parnumuhayr pag-uugaling panlipunar% edukasyon.
parnahalaan at paniniwalaV panreihiyon.

Ang panonood ay isang proseso ng pagmamasid ng isang tao sa palabas o iba pang
visual media upang magkaroon ng pang-unawa sa rnensaheng ipinaparating nito.

Ang pares ninimal ay pgres ng salita na ng kahulugan ngunit magkatulad sa bigkas maliban
saisang ponema sa rnakatulad na posisyon.

parirala Ang ng mga salitang walang buong diwa.

Filinina
Ang ay tungkol sa pag-æral ng set ng mga tunog na bumubuo ng mga salita sa isang
wi9;
Ang'pormal
na wika ay rngä salitang istandatd dahil kinikilala. tinatanggap
at ginagamit riÉ nakararami lalo na ng mga nakapag aaral ng
Wika.

Rap ay isanq uri ng rnakabagong awit na kadalasan binibigkas rung patula ang bawat
linya nito na rnagkakatugma sa saliw ng isang naaangkop na tugtugin.

NUTS; 2021
Am Rizal Park ay 'nas malawak kaysa Bonifacio Park,

Ang sabi ni Agnes sa pinsan niya. 'Pahihirarnin kita ng bago kong aklat kung iingatan

ito.• sagisag ni Florentino Collantes ay Kuntil-butil.

Ang salawikain ay isa sa uri ng rîłga karunungang bayan kung saan ang mga butil
ng karunungan ay hango sa karanasan ng rnalatandar
nagbibigay ng mabubuting anyo tungkol sa
kagandahang asal at paalala tungkol sa batas ng
kaugalian at karaniwang patallnghaga,

Ang Song of Roland ay kinapapalooban ng at DÓce•PareShg Pransya na

nagsasalaysay ng gintong panahon ng kristiyanismo at ng dating rnąku/șy na
kasaysayan ng mga Pranses.

Ang SOSYOlek ay ng rnga taong may pare-parghong entas ng parnurnuhay.

interes at kinahih[ligan, kasarian at edad_

Ang sumulat ng Duguang Plakard ay si Rogelio Marwah",

Ang Talurnpati ay akdang parnpanitikan na ang ay bigkasin sa harap ng rnga
tagapakinig, [ayunin nito na humikayat, rrą%liwanag. n-ąbigay ng impormasyon at
magbigay ng opinyctn o paniniwala,

Ang tanăalan săitang ay binubuo ng dâla»vang kaisipang

pangungusap na pinag-uugnay ng

Ang ay makikita tambalang salita ay pinagsama-sama

para "rnernoryafotôgrapjca" makabuo ng isa Iarnang salita.
Ang tarrńilang
Ang taong may Jose Maria Panganiban.
Ang tawag sa dalaWâ, tatlo o higit mga wikang natutuhan ng mag- aaral ng una o
katutubang wika ay pangalawang
wika.
sadyang masining
Ang tayutay ay at kaakit-akit.
Naghahayag itc ng rnakulay at
Ang Țeknikal na Pagsulat ay isang uri ng komunikasyon sa anumang larangan na ang
pangunahing garnpanin ay rnakalikha ng isang tiyak at partikular na impormasyon sa
partikular na rnambabasa o grupa ng rrłga mambabasa_

Angheoryang ay bOW-WOW tungkol sa na bagay; pinagmulan ang pooh-pooh ng wika. ay

ay tungkol tungkol sa ga masidhing kalikasan at damdamin; angat
dng-dong yoheho ay tungkol sa pwersang
pisikal-

Ang tono ay taas-baba na iniuukol sa pagbigkas isang salita upang higit na maging
mabisa ang ating pakikipag-usap sa Kapwa.

Ang unang panitikan natin ay pasalin-dila,

16
EAOaa

paraan

Ang tula ay isang anyo ng panitikan na kung saan ang salita ay isinasaayos na rnay
bilang ang pantig sa bat.vat taludtod.

Ang tulang P"ipino: Isang na nd1_Adok noong panehon ng Batas Witar*ay sinulat
Ponciano Pineda.
Ang Uncle Tom's ni Harriet Stowe ng Estados IJnidm nakatawag ng pansin sa
karumalciurnal na kalagayan nq mga alipin at naging batayan simulain ng

Apresyativ na pakikinig #nagavya ng tao para sa kanyang kasiyahan_

Avon kay Balagtas. •ang laki sa layaw. karaniwa'y hubacr. kaya ang rTEä bata ay
hindi surrusuncxi sa negulang.
 Ayon sa kasaysayan ng obra rnaestrang not* ni Rial. mayroon ikatjong na
kanyang nasimulan subalit hindi niya natagn$ dahil sa nalalapit niyang araw ng
kamatayan. Ito ay Makarnisa.

Ayon sa sakrwng 180 Florante ai Laura. hango pa-ualan ni Florante sa lun•wluha na

surnasalanin sa buhay at pighati nit".
Ang balita ay isang *aw-araw na sa lipunan. pamahalaan, paaralan, sa n•rge sakuna,
sa industriya sa agham at ibat-ibang paksa buong bansa_

Bemacular ang tayag sa dalawa, tatlo O higit wikang rtatutuhan ng ng Lina o

katutumng wika.
panorRGd ang ginagarnit sa paggarnit ng opinyon $3 panunuri.

Fi"pino ang kaMubong wika na ginagamit sa buong bans.ang bilang "ka ro kornunikasyon ng
±'ikngupu

Gnagarrit sa parw,kukum. pang-ingkanto o ang Bulong.

Itig WatanghaJ Gi *Jason tulang Panata sa Kalayaan ni Amado V. HernæM:iæ sa
Kase. twit "Hikli ang panahong gugugulin sa preparasyon_ na lang niya
itp sa paraang sabayang
Inabutm km-ina rp ang ng Ang pa:ngurø-'SW ay rrBY pang-abey na pananahon na
tidnakita•d ni Maræl;o H. Pilar pagtutol sa
Gumarnit $ea roga tulad ng "lhores Manapat,"
"b"aita•• "Kupang,• "Carmelo: 1—0. Crarræ,• at •pupem• ILXat.•

akda
kaaya.ayang tanawirg ang
ng araw

ay HistCYia ni
Pares de
ang kausap rno ay nakita may dumi sa rrwkha. ngunit upang hindi siya
nupaniya ay sinabi rno sa kanya ang ganito: "lba yata ang ginarnit make-up ngayon7
Ikaw ay gurnamit ng eupirrusmo.
Kapag tumungo ka sa isang lugar al natutuhan wikang
hindi itO ay dahil sa prosesong adaptasyon ng wika.
Ang pangutv-łsap na, Kumukuha ako ng medesińa at Si Ate narnan ayâkurruăha ro
edukasycm, ay isang tambalang pangungusap.
Kung ang kurxiiman ay awit ng pag-ibig. oyayi sa pagpapatulog ng bata. Diona
nar•nan ang a%Mtng pangkasal

Kung Ilocano atu unang wika at ang iymg '.•hka, pang*awang •a ang tawag sa na isa
pam wika na iyong natutuhang ga-ritin
Lingua France ang ginagarrit ng n-qa ma*ausap na rnay Wkang katutubo.

Makata ng Arnado V. Hemandez; Makata ng pą-ibig: Jose De

Mas magăng masaya ang pagdłriwang kung rnaakadalo sina Luisito at Clara,
May 28 na titk ang bagong abakadang Filłpino.

rvlay dalarq sistema na na ang rma Malay.

May pagkakataon na palitan ng ponerTki,ŕ ttł-ng ang isang ponema nang hin•dli rnąbabago
ang k*ulugan salita tLAad ng lalaki = lalake.
proyektong pabăay ang para sa
rr•nuap.
Moriones ang akdang n-ey kirWarnan sa kąitingan at pakikipagsapalaran ng rma
hari, reyna at prin»e.

Morpema ang săupina.karnałiit na yunit rg isang safita na rmtataglay kă,ă.0an-

Nabuo tinatawag na Z'TEY-kaya• na may ari-arian at Kastila.

NagdiŔrq buong dahil nakanit ni Joselito Rarr•ns ang ika-îsang

m.rrili Si Gng. Agie ng estudyanteng ilalahOk sa tirnpal* sa ditO, hiniling

niya na ang estudyante niya tu r--rBlakng
puntos ang
Nais W%riz anu—anong ang naghatid siya. Natuklasan Sa ktAtura
hindi at kabhagnan kasali ang Noli marnanupł sa daigdig kaya nagsaliksx
 n

agsin'tula ang pagpapalabas ng Stage show.

Noong nasa Hong Kong si Rlzal, naisip niyang magkaroon ng La Liga Filipina. Ito ay
may layunjng pagkaisahin ang bayang Pilipinas.
Noong pmahon ng aktibismo pinaksa ang kabulukan ng lipunan
Noong sinaunang panahon ay may sarili nang panitikan ang .ating mga ninuno_
Alibata ang kadalasang ginagamit at gumagarnt din sila ng mga biyas ng kawayan,
talukap bunga o nÄ at dahon at balat ng punong-kahoy bilaAE sulatan at rnatutulis

na bagay narian bilang panulat.

Pawapalabas ng pelikula ang estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng panitikan ang naangkop para sa
rnag-aarai na may biswel na istiio ng pagatuto.

Pagsulat ang nagsisilbing tagapag-ingat ng rnga mayayamang kaalarnan ng tao na nais

ipamana sa mga susunod na salinlehi.

Parnbansa ang mga salitang karaniwang ginagamit sa rm•ua aklat pang-wika o

pambalarila sa lahät ng paaralan.

Pampanitikan ang mga salitang Karaniwang matatayog mala/alim, makuiay at

masining, Pang-abay ang bahagi ng pananalita ne tumutukoy sa pandiwa at pang uti.
Pangunahing rnanunulat sarsuwela si Severino Reyes. Kilala rin siya sa sagisag na
Besya@ dahil sa kanyang rrga kuwentong-bayan na inilathala sa Lingguhang Liwayw•ay,
Ang kanyang sarsuwelang Walang Sugat ang itinuturing na
kanyang obra-

Patunay na na ang araw ay ang kasingkahulugen ng

salitang magdadapit-hapon. wikang Pilipino ay
umaagapay rin sa pajbabago. Alibata-abecedarioabakada-alpabeto eng
nagpapakita ng angkop ne pagbabagong naganap sa alpabetong

Xnalitaruy alpabetong Romano ang unang alpabetong Pilipino na sansk.nto.

 ang Pinakamatalik na kaibigan at itinuturing na "anak-anakan" ni Sir Rey.
Dahil sa labis na kalungkutan ay nakalikhä s.iya ng isang tula para sa namayapang
kaibigan at lym ay kanyang binasa sa serbisyong nekrolohikal na hinanandog ng
institusycyng

niya, Ang tulang sinulat ni Slr Rey ay isang elehiya,

Angelo?a ay pokus pandiwa sa pahayag na 'Bumili ng bagong sasayan si

Si Jose Garcia Villa armg tinaguriang Prinsipe ng Makatang Tagalog.

2021 nun
Sa kathang Dekada '70 matatagpuan Amanda Bartolorne na pangunahing tauhan at ita ay
sinulat ni Lualhati Bautista_

Sa komunikasyong pangkultura, ang aspekto ng kultura ng mga kalahok ang

enag-

kagandahang-asal
Salawikain ang nagsisilbing batas at tuntunin ng
ninuna-

SB 1987 Art XIV, sek. 6 ang saligang batas na

nagsasaad ng ating Pambansang l_irgua Franca.

Si Alejandro G. Abadilla ang nanguna sa

pagtalikod sa paggarrit ng sukat at tugma sa tula,

Si Amado V. ang tinaguriang "Makata ng

Luha ng Buwaya,

Si Atang dela Rama ay kilalang artista at manunulàt sa larangan ng panitikang

Pilipinov ipinanganak siya noong Enero ll, 1905. Isa sa keniyang sinulat ay ang
Dalagang Silangan.
Si Francisca Baltazar ang surrwlat ng Florante at Laura, La India Elegante y El Negrito
Amente (Isang saynete), Amanzor Y Rosalinda, Mahomet at constancia, Don Nuno at
ZelindB_

Si Gaspar Aquino da Belen ay sumulatRtig mahabang tula tungkol sa buhay ng ating

Panginoong Hesu Kristor nang lumam ay tinawag pasyon. Ang kahawig nitong genre
ay ang Senak_ulo.

Si Jose de la Cruz ay naging guro nVFrancisco 3alagtas na kilala sa bansag na Huseng

Sisiw.

Si Juan Crisostorno Sotto ay isang manunulat at makata na nagtatago sa

sagisag na

Si Lope K. Santos angtinaeuriang "Arna ng Balarua ng Wikang panuansa."

Si Mariano Ponce ay kilala sa sagisag na Tikbalang at Kalipulako. Sumulat din siya ng

mga talambuihay at akdarQ pangkasaysayan,

26
Si Pascual Poblete ang kauna-unahang nagsalin sa tagalang ng Noli Me Tangere ni
Rizal siya rinpng nagtaguyod ng pahayagang "El Resumen."

Si Rogelio G. Mangahas ang tinaguriang Ivdakata ng Taong 1969" sa Talaang Girito

ng Surian ny W'k.ang Pambansa.

Si Teodoro A. Agoncillo ang sumulat ng tulang asa Dalatnpasigan• at •Republikang

Si Tomas Pinpin ang kauna-unahang Pilipinong manlilibag, Siya ulg naglimbag ng

Artes Y Reglas dela Lengua Tagala.
(inala ng mga kastila rito ang awit na isang 1Ãi ng
Migue/ panitikang hawig kay Cervantes na "Don Quijote de la
Mancha."

SitibksiS tumutukoy sa maka-agham na paq-aaral ng pag-uugnay-ugnay raga salita at

paírala loang burnuo ng pangungusap,

Sinulat ni Graciano Lopez Jaena ang Fray Botod na isang nuikling nobelang
mapang
prayle-" Ang
sa
 prayle-" Ang sa

uyam na r.al«awan sa "kasibaan ng rnga

28
 "W oyalty to my party ends where my loyalty to my country begins," This staternent
arne from Manuel L Quezon.

total cover to earth's surface of the

four oceans and nufr"ous
Absolute nWnarchy is a form of v.mere the
rrnnarch %ittnftany laws, constitution or legally organized
opposition. center

to Montesquieu. is said to be •the intellectual

Adarn Smith, a capitalist, said that gthe umnbination 0T selfLintereSt. private property,
com*tition anung Sellers in rnarkets will lead
U
producers as by an inqsible hard' to well-being an end
that they did not intend, rATEly, the

Rizal urnpleted his studies in Madrid,

Rizal M.ent to Paris in order to
Speciäize in

Agueda is the Wife Of ArteniO about the *mish troops.

AlipirVQ-ipun refers to the Ioæst social, class cultures of the

Ahping Narer:zhay could a house and live away from the rnasteds house Car
modern versim is the •stay out? helper)z

Aliping &gigilid had and stayed in the rnasteds housel-dd (our nuiern veon is the
"stay or kasambahay.
AA to one great family called Homo Sapiens.

With the milippire. Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysiar Singa'N)r-e, Thailand are

the cnuntries that æe rnerrbers of ASEAN
Laruiing

Tao

absenæ

30
 present
picture of man.

As an insular country. the archipelagic doctrine adheres to the Philippines when it comes to
territonal boundary.

Asia is called the cradle of rnankind because alrno$t all races or man are found
in Asia.
Asia is the largest t»ntinent of our planet. both in Size and also when pom1ation is

Asia's *nysiæl feature is generally characterized by mountain ranges, plateaus,

peninsulas, rivers,
At the National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid in 1884, joined by many painters in
Europe, Luna won first prize (gold rnedal) for his Spolariumo

August Comte (179&1857) was a French sociologist and known for being "The Father
af

Authoritarian is a form of government in which state authority is imposed onto many

a9ects of citizens' lives.

Badarert, Divisoria and Ouiapo thiive as economic landscapes because of their

location, transportation and accessibility, and land use.

Bahasa Malaysia, is the Asian language nearest to Filipino.

Bonifacio founded the "Katastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak

Bayan• (KKK) On July 1892 in, a house on
Azcarraga street in Tondo Manila.
third largest
Borneo in South-gast island in the world
ana the largest in

B
uyers and sellers are together in a market, which can be
location or an electron ic connectüi

Cabecemas "resettleqpnt of Filipino cornmunities to form town centers.

Camilo de Polaviejaioversaw the court martial and death of Jose Rizal on December
30. 1896, Twenty-fu"ore people were executed with Rtzal

2021
 cnnsuny-s; examples are items include a manufacturing business uses equiprnent to
produce and goods business or facilities.services to sell to
Capna9n is an econon-lic system based on free enterprise.

the first permanent settlement of Spaniards.

Cebu. Sinulog, Kalibo: Ati-atihan. 110ilo:Dinagyang

1884 replaced the tribute as e form of taxation in the Hispanic Philippi ne colony in
Social Studies

Ciudad Santisirno Nombre de Jesus was the first Spanish town established in the country;
now known as Cebu City.
Clothing an example of material culture.
Code of Kalantiaw was a legendary legal code in the epic story
Maragtas, It to have been Mitten in 1433 by Datu Kalantiaw.
Colonial Mentality a kind of mentality that Filipinos think that imported
products are superior to Filipino prcducts vålich does not help the countrys emnomy
atgll.

is raw material (like crude Oil ore) product Qike unprocessed wheat or corn)
purchased in enorrnous quantities fu production purposes
Comrrnn to the datu of the pre-spaniards *iod and governor-general of the Spanish colonial
era are O-ve executive, judicial, and legislative pouers.

Comrnonnalth is nation, state or Other political entity%unded on law and united by a

compact of the for the good

Comrnunist is system of govemment in which me State plans and controls the ecoruny and
a single often authoritarian — party •holds povær; state controls ere in-posed the
elimination of private ownership of property or capital while claiming to nuke progress
toward a higher order in which all goods are equally shared by the people a classless
society).
Constitution of Governmænt refers to'those provision which define the power of any
instrurnentality of the Government- Legislative, Executive and Judicial Pan of the

Constitution of Liberty refers to thoseprovision which define the right Of the people, Bill of
Rights is a good example.

32
2021
 Constitution of Sovereignty refers tn ttose provision *ich outline the process by Whit*'
people can revisetamend tre constitution,

Cansütutional denocra*is a form of government in which the sovereign power of the

r»ople is out in agoverning constitution.

COnstitutionaI rwnarchy is a system of government in which a monarch is guided by a

constitution whereby his/her rightsr duties, and responsibilities are spelled out in written
law or by curtom.

Const/tmional Right is a right or freedom which is guaranteed to

couptryrs citizens by that
on.
anyone
(person or business) that uses
(consumes) goods or service.
ages, a period Western European history is so called because it was
characterized by chaos.

Deflation is the result Of sustained price decreases in an economy; indicates that the
economy is weakening (contractin g).
social Studies
is the extent to 'Which there is a market for goods or services.

Den%jcracy is a form of governrnent in MliGh the supreme power is retained by the

peopler mit which is usually exercised
indirectly through a system of
representation and delegated authority
periodically renewed.

Due to the lack of unity and leadership. the

revolts failed to sensitize the new of
cnrnnwn identities purposes. This explains
the weakness of' the early Filipino revolt.

Durian is said to be the "King of the Filipino

fruits."
Epifanio debs Santos is a man of many talents; the former after him (EDSA)-

Every June, Manila has its festival of outstanding by Antonio Villegas.

2021
 F. Landa debunked the theory that the Malays were the ancestors of the earty
Filipinos by the fort-nation of land bridges during the Ice Age,

Falla is a payrrent to be exempted from Polo.

Federal (Federation) is a form of which government sovereign
power forrna119 divided — usually by means of a constitution between a central
authority and a number Of constituent regions (states, colonies or provirr:e.s) so that
each region retains some management of its internal affairs; differs front a
confederacy in that the central government exerts innuence directly upon both
individuals as well as upon the regiona

Felipe Agoncillo is the Outstanding Diplomat of the First Philippine Republic.

Fernando Ma. Guerreroisthe Poet of the Revolution,

Feudalism, in one hand, advantageous to civilization for frorn it, there developed the
code which all knights Were required to follow through Code Ot Ethics,
Filipinos offereg.prayers and food to their anitos that corresponds to the present saints.
First Sundialsgt•the mllippineg are built in Tagudin, 'locos Sur.

Four main rnake it possible for a nationrs economy to grow: They are natural
resovces, capital, labor force, and technology.
French RevOIuti0n (1737-1799), also c:zlled RevolutiOn Of 1789, Was the
revdutionary movement that changed France's form of governrnent between 1787
and 1799 and

first dirnax there in 1789.

Sung Dynasty as E'Ma-yi."sources in 982 ADV early Chinese traders and
geographers named the m:lipoines

Gen- Wesley Merritt was the first military governor «dered by the CJS President to
a military government.

EQU•n

34
2021
Social Studies

AS•a, Asia, and Western Asia.

Globalization is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of me
world's economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by cross-bwder trade in
goods and services, technology. and flows of investrrwnt, people, and information,

Gov-Gen. Rafael de Izquierdo was the general who executed the wee trørtyr-priests
blarned for the rnutiny; Fathers Mariano Gornez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zarnora,
later mllectively $1ed "GornBurZa, "

Great Wall was built as a defensive rarnpart against the marauding tartars„
Gross DorræstiC product (GDP) [5 the total value (in rnoney) Of goods and services
within a country during a certain timeframe; usually calculated annually-
National Product (GNP) is GOP plus value of gotyds and services for which
people wt10 live in the country own the rneans of producion; items can be made
anywhere.
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) was an English sociologiåi best known for coining the
expression •The Survival of the Fittest."

Hurnanism af ancient penod is associated With the Rornans who valued so much to
rnan's intelligence.

If nntinued,
man's destruction of rich resources would about environmental
is the process- wherein the President,
Vice President. Member of the Supreme Court. Mernber
of the Constitutional commission and Ombudsman, may be rermved from office if
they corrvnit impeachable offence as prescribe in the constitution

Imperialism is a state practice. or advocacy of extending power and donninion, especially by

direct territorial æquisition or by gaining political and mntrol of Other areas,

in 1570 the encomienda was introduced in the Philippines when Legaspi, in

cornpliance with the decree issued by King Philip Il in 1558, distributed lands in Cebu
to loyal Spanish subjects. These men had helped conquer the Philippines

In another L.I.MWs great painting "The Blood Compact? Rizal posed as Sikatuna while
Dr. Pardo Tavera posed as Legazpi .
In Classical Athens, the Sophists emphasized the individual's attainrnent of excellence
throtoh rhetoric. grammar, music and mathematicstn precolonial times. the law was
written and announced to the v,hole barangay by
2021
 Social Studies
the public announcer.
is money a business or a person earns in exchange for providing services or
products to a pure-vase- or errvloyer.
India is South Asia's largest country.
26
Bl ÄETS: Ediü«
Industrial Revolution 1800) Was the process Of Change from an agrarian and
handicraft econorny to one dorninaled by industry and machine which began in
Britain in the century that spreads to other parts of the vrorld.

Industrial revolution refers to the period of transition from the use of human
andZnirnal power to the use of machine in producing and distributing gocxis,

inflation is the degree to which there are sustained price increases for-certain'lterns
within an economy.

John F. Kennedy was the American President who said, "Ask not what America will do
for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of nan "

José Basco y Vargas established the Sociedad Econönnica de IOS Amigos del Pals. or
the Economic Society of Friends of the Country. Which revived the tobacco industry in
the Spanish Philippines.

King Tupa:s Brother offered hitnself as e captive Of the king Of Spain in place of his
daughter W'ho was made captive, This shows strong personal and family ties of
Cebuano pre-Hispanic socety.
Known as Virgin Queen Who gave years in England's most
wealth and culture Was Queen Elizabeth I.
Lack of qualification is the reason of the protestOn
the Of Andres Bonifacio as
Director 01 the Interior

Law of Dernand states that quantity purchased varies inversely with priæ. In other
words, the higher the pricei the lower the quantity demanded

Law of Sup" states that a higher price leads to a quantity supplied and that a lower
price reads to a lower quenbty supplied
Limasawa is wfiere first inass was held in the Philippines which introduced
Chris tianity
Social Studies
Local Autonomy the exercise of certain basic powers, police power, power of eminent
and taxing power by local government units so as to best serve the interest
and prornote the gerMal well-being of their inhabitants.
Local refers to a political subdivision of a nation or state whith is
mnstituted by law and nas substantial control of local affairs with official elected or
otherwise locally selected.

Lope de Vega established the National Theater in Spaim

QUalified teachers going abroad is a type of Brain drain,

Macroeconomics is the area of econornics that focuses on functioning of the overall
economy on a large scale. such as globally or for e multinational region or country
Magellan has five Ships: Trinidad (main ship). San Antonio, Concepcion, Santiago (smallest
Ship), Victoria (only one to return to Spain).

Manila. the capital city of the Philippines, takes its narne from a vthite flower that grew on
mangrove trees, locally known as nilad, 'May nilad' can be translated to rnean there are
nilad there

Marxism is the political. econorniC and social principles espoused by ceritåry econorni$t
Karl Marx, he viewed the struggle of workers as a progression of historical forces that would
proceed from a class struggle of the proletariat (vorkers) expbited by capitalists (business
owners), to a socialist Ucfictatorship of the proetariati' finally; a dasSesS society —
Corrwnunism.

Micræconomics is the branch of ecn•unics that focuses oÅ Viact0(s irnpact the buying
habits of individual consumers and businesseS

Mindanao is the second biggest island ot the country.

Monarchy is a government in which the supreme power in the hands of a aunarch

who reigns over a state or territory. usually for life end by hereditary right; the
rnonarch rnay be either a sole absolute or a sovereyn'— such as a king, queen or
prince — With constitutionally limited authority.

Nationalism is a belief, creed or political ideology that involves an individual

identifying with, Or becoming attached tor one's nati0Pi,
Social Studies
Natural Rights are rights that believe it is important for all anirnals or even living
beings to have Out Of natural law. These rights are often Viewed as unalienable.
meaning they can almost never be taken away.
Oligarchy is a government irvVhid.1 contiol is exercised by a srnall group ot individuals
whose authority generally is based on wealth or power

On his last night in Rizäl rode about the city and its suburbs. He •was accornpanied
by Paciano.

landed on Homonhon Island in the

One of the advantages of presidential system of governrnent is the principle Of the
separation of powem and checks and balances is observed.
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is one of the successful
cartels GorÜols the •world market for oil.

and poverty are serious problems in Asia. In order to these. one heloFy
adhering to the governments program of Responsible Parenthood,

AGASÅ announces the approach of tha seasonal t"rids. The familiar names used are
An•ühan and Habagat, internationally known as Northeast and Southwest
respectively

Panday Pira is the first Filipino Cannon-rna'ker

Pedro Paterno is the Peacernaker Of the Revolution

28
"LET*2021 E""
A Hugnayan
B. Langupan
 29

14. Ang butong tinangay ng aso, walang pagsalang nalaway•an ito. Ang
kaisipang ita ay tu mutukoy sa katotohanan ng

A Pagtatanan B. Pagpapakasal
15. Anong uri ng pagbi9kas ang Salitang "d ambuhaa?"
A Malurni B. Malurnay
16. Ang katawagan sa pangngalan, pang-abayr pang-uri at pandiwa ay? A.
Pangnilalarnan Bw Palaugnayan

17. Ang panukalang inihain niya ay lubhang malalim at mahirap arukin. A.

Abutin3. Unawain

18, Ang wikang Filipino ay havvig sa wika sa Asya, Aliñ dito an ng Wikang Filipino?
A Bahasa
1 9. Siya ay hinirang na taga•sensus ng bahay- bahaynalikom?
A. Ang datos tungkol sa bata sa bawat bahay
B_ Ang datos tungkol sa naninirahan sa bawa

Kami aro siyang rnagiging n. Paano ginamit ang salitang t•nay sal ungguhit? A.
ri

Walang tubig kahapon. Ita ay

A. May panaguri

2. Ipmagmamalaki mo siya. ang kanyang BIJNTOT, Ang ibig sabihñ salitang may
rnalaking titik a
A Duwag B. Mahiyain

3. Sabihin ang gawi ng pa • "Bawal may narnatay na dito!"

A aabala 3. Paalala
4, Pilipino sa maraming taon na noong 1906 at turna'akay rnàí—n sa paksang puhuna n
laban at sa sosyalisrrE ang

A Luha B, Banaag at Sikat

5. Ayon kayarig Iaki sa layaw; karaniwa'y hubad" kaya ang mga bata ay: sa pag-
aaral hilidi sumusunoa sa magulang

6. ang ugat ng PINAGLABANAN?

ban B. Labanan
1962, ano ang pagbabago sa paglirrbag ng diplornã at
sertipiko ng tapas?
A Nilirnbag sa ang Tagalog na bayan
B, Nalimbag sa Filwno ang
Socid Studies
The "Kataas-taasang Sanggun•an" (supreme council) was the highest governing
body of the Katipunan. It was headed by a suprerno, or president.
The 1987 Constitution created the Comrnission on Appointment with the povqer to
appointments of ttE president.
The article that Rizal wrote in Diariong Tagalog urging his compatnots to kwe i'ieir
fatherlandjust like his prize-winning pieæ •A La Juventud Filipina" is "'An-xyr Patriop
The Asian Wortlct said to be the region of the rising sun refers to the East.
The basis of John De—s commitrrænt to naturalism is Darwin's theory of
evolution.
The Of Prussia who successfully united Gerrnany and made it a regx±lic was Otto
Von Bismark.

The credit cooperative prornotes thrift among members and generates funds in

The Executive Power

order to lerxl to its rembers_

The farmus Rizal named Richard Kissling.

The Filipino trait Of
•pak,ikjsama• is said to
be•ambiVälent because it can be
used for or against the person
who values it. famousfor Hammurabi.

The government tax people's labor tvough

 The greatest Babylonian ruler

The greatest legacy of the ArnencanSto the Filipinos is education while to that
Spaniards is Christianity,

The House of as the initiating body in the

Senate try and Impeachment Case. After that, the serve as
Impeachmerlt court

The northern part of Asu experiences freezing cold.

The Philippine Billd 1902 provided a bill of rights guaranteed the Filipinos the right to speech.
free press and the freedorn to petition for the redress of grievances_

The Phiwøpines•is approxirnately 300,000 square kilon%ters (115,83 sq mi. of land

area over 7,641 isiands.
The+hiippines
is made up Of islands, rnaking it one of the largest
archipelagos in But rnore than 5,000 of the islands
rernain unnamed on most international

The Philippines is the only Asian nation that is predominantly Christian While many Of its

Southeast Asian neighbors practice 86 percent of the Filipino population is

Rornan Catholic.

2021 31
social Studies
The pwer of judicial review Of the courts to interpret the constitution to dedare any
legislative or executive act invalid it is in conflict with the fundamental law,

The Renaissanæ is a vibrant —iod of European cultural, artistic. and seentific

"rebirth* after the Middle Ages, was led by people Leonardo Vinci. Michelangelo,
Machiavelli and the Medici family.

-rne rice terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras are a UNESCO World Heritage terraces
were built about 2,000 years ago and — thanks to the rough lerran.geeping settlers
out — remain as they would have been in pre-colonial tirnes.

The saying "Every right has a corresponding duty•

The sole power to dedare existence of a state

 are

balangay, *flich
The term barangay was derived from means sailboat.

The tirne orientation of

The Treaty of Dec«rber

10, 1-398, that ended

Tirnawa
societies of the
Tirnawa or were the feudal lippines.
is the largest Philippine
Totalitarian is a governrnent that æeks to State by cont rolling only a" political ang

economic matters, but also tt-æ attitudes, values and beliefs of its population-
Treaty Of Tordesillas is the agreement between Spain aru-j Pcrtugal air-red at
settling conficts over lands newly 'iscx)vered or explored by Christopher Columbus
and other late ræntury voyagers.

Tributo is a tak "'tibute to the colonial government paid by the Filipinos. This tribute
n-.ems loyalty tothe Spanish Govemrnent.

bhat€important to Asian gæ-ople is the inner or spiritual purity and not materialistic
interests„Tt'is trait is religiosity.

John ContEalHS the fact during marriage that he was a

hornosexual, he comnitted

governmalt Of the Philippines fall, a Republican

Democracy
Howard Tan Was the first Civil Governor and the first lavamaking body of the
Philippines under the An•Mcans; while Taft exercised legislative povars.

82
Social Studies
is
Writ of case to them for the purpose of review,

Writ of Kalikasan is a writ for the protection and preservation of the environment

Writ of Mandamus is an cder from the superior court requiring the lower court Edo
their duty.
 of Prohibition is an order form the superior c,ourt to prohibit the lower.urt for
ftrther procpeding in an action or matter.

writ of Quo warrant is an order in which the legality of the

to the government position is questioned and
Challenged,
Yangtze River is the longest on the Asian continent. It is in Chfr•a and is 6,300 meters
or
3.915 miles long.

Mathematics and ICT

62 is the smallest positive number which. when it is divided by 3, 4 or 5. will leave a
remainder of 2.
A fraction whose denominator is equal to or
greater than the numerator, an improper
fraction.
sides
A geornetrical close bounded figure which
has 20

A graph friat uses bars with equal ranges

of values is a histogram.
A line where two faces meet in a three- negative
dimensional structure is terrned as the edge.

A line Whose 'x)ints Correspond to numbers is a number line.

A nurnber less tnan zero is denoted with the symbol

A nurnoer squared multiplied oy itself. the square root or a number is whatever

integer gives the original number when multiplied by itself-

A number that can be divided or is divisible by 2 is an even number.

A number that cannot be represented as a decimal orfraction is said to be

irrational.
A parallelogram with four sides of equal length and no right angles is a
rhombus.
A perfect number refers to a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its positive
divisors. By a-tis rule, 6 is the smallest perfect number.
A tenant was awarded a house and Idtpackage worth She has to
pay the package for 20 years at 9% per annum. The house and lot will cost
P504.OO aner 20

A Venn diagrarn is usually shown as two overlapping drcles and is used to cornpare
two sets. The overlapping section cnntains information that is true of both sides or
sets and non-overlapping prtions each represent a set and contain infornztl,on
that is only true ot their

Absolute valueis between a number and O on a number

line.
Albert Girard published a treatise on trigonornetry which contains the earliest use of
the abbreviationE sin, tan, sec for sine, tangent and secant.
Algebra isthe use of letters of the alphabet 10 represent numbers in equations,
fomulas,

expression is an expression that contains a vanable.

Also krrywn as Gaussian distribution. normal distribution refers to a probability
distribution that is reflected across the mean or center of a bell curve.
PEI-ir-neter, e circle nas the largest area.
34
 and ICT
Matnemaucs
Century Swiss Mathernatician. Jacob Bernoulli introdua±d the "Law of
Nurnbers" in his *The of Corgecture". In statistics, this implies that the larger the
sarrv/e. the rnore likely will the sample become representative of the population.

Ana arri Beth do a job in three hours. Working alone. Ana does the in 5 hours. It Will
take Beth 7 and % hours to do the job alone.

Angle is a figure forrned by two rays or two une segcnents "th a cornrrr»n gndpoint called
tre vertex Of the angle.

Area of Circle is as : x
Area of Parallelogram is as : area = base
Are. of Rectangle is corrvutß:i as: area = length * width Area of Triangle is
computed as: area = (base) (teagnt)
rræan (average) = Sum of values f Of values

A bar yaph is a graph with horizontal or vettjcal bars ihat represent data.
Blaise Pascal has been as the greate$t •might-have-beery in history of

A cartographer is a person who rnakes rrHps.

Celsius a temperature scale on pure"waler at Sea level freezes at and tri's at
100%

Census is an official count ot and the recording of other data such as age, gender, and
Cent from the Latin wd •centesimus,• which means "a hundredth part.
a rnetric unit Of length
equivalent to 10
millimeters 1/10 Of a
the cirde. a rreter.
pants in a plane that are equally distant
frorn a fixed cnint in the

the tiredion in distanæ around a circle; its perimeter

Circur&rence of a circle is
r»rrvuted as: cir-curnference 2n x r

fadr:y of
 and ICT
the hands rmve on a typical analog a

denorinator is a nonzero nurrber ttut is a rrultiple of the denominators of of

two or more counting nutTbere For 4 is a

both integers.

Compass is a tool used to draw circles and arcs and copy line
segments
Composite number is a counting number greater than that has rnore than
two
Cone is a geometric solid With a circular base. a vertex (apex) not in thS the base. and
an or line segments with one
endpoint at apex and the
oher.ndpoint tt'E circumference of the base.

confidence level is probability that the

statisticiarys contains the tn-.e, unknown
population parameter.

Congruent figwes (z) is a figure having the same

size and
on
Congruent plane figures or shapes that cover a
plane overlapping is tessellation-

Coordinate is a used to locate a point a poines distance from an or-gin.

C0ßrnicuS Was a Renaissance-and-Reforrnation-era Mathernatician and astronorrær,

who formulated a n-ooe/ at the universe u-.at placed the Sun rather than the Earth at
me center of Universe,
 and ICT
Cosine (C.AH): Cosine = adjacent/hypotenuse
rotation is the ooposite bf the direction in Which the hands move on a
typical analog dock, a turn to the lem
Cubic centirreter (cc or crn8) is a metric unit Of volume or capacity equal to the
volurne Of a I-ctn edges.
Cubic unit is a unit such as centimeters, cubic inches, cub1C feet, and cubic rneters
used to treasure vdurne or capacity.

Cubit is an length, rneasured from the point of the elbow to the end of the finger.

Data is an infornZU0n that is gathered by countingv measuring. or

observing,

Decirrzlis a nurnber written in standard base-ten notation containing a decirnal pdnt,

such as2±i
is a mark used to separate the and tenths places in decirr*_
(drnj is a rr•etric unit Of length equivalent to 1/10
meter, or 10 centimeters-
Degree C) is a unit of rneasure for ar*s based on dividing a circle into 360 equal parts.
Celsius CC) is the unit inter-al on Celsi.JS then-norneiers and a unit for rneasuring
ternc*tatu res.
Matnematics
Fahrenheit (OF) is the Lmit interval on Fahrenheit thermometers and a
unit for measuring temperatures,

Density is a rate that cornpares the mass of an object to its volume.

Denver is known as the mile-high City because it has an elevation Of
precisely et — the length Of a m 'e.
Dependent variable is a variable whose value is dependent on the value of at least
one other vanable in a function.
Diagonal is a lil% segrnentjoining two non-consecutive vertices Of a polygcn
Dianwter is a line segment that passes through the center of a Girde pr sphere and
has endpoints on the circle or sphere.

Diameter is a line that passes through the center of a circle and divides it in half.
Digits are the nurnerals 0-9 found in an numbers. 175 is 3-digit number featuring the
digits Ii 7, and 6.
Distance Forrnula dzQ(Xx — x2)2 + (yr —Yar
 and ICT
An equation is a statement that shows tpe enwality Of two expressions by joining
them writh an eqLEIs Sign.
Equilateral is a term used to describe a Shape whose sides are all equal length,
Factoring is tt',e process of breaking nun%ers dovm into all of their factors.
Fibonacci Sequence is a "th a O and 1 whereby each number is it, •O, 1,
sum of the tv" nun%ers 1, 2. 3, 5. 13, 21, 34..." is a Fibonacci
George invented a nethod of deterrnining the optirnal values 01 a linear function Sut
%ect to certain cmstrajnts, This method is known as linear prograrnming.
Giiolarno Cardano 16th Century Mathematician, who was first to define the praability
of an event as quotient of all lavorable outccjme over the total nurnber of

I.followed by 100 zeroesv A googolplex is followed by a gocQOl zeros.

Graph is a branch of mathematics focused on the properties of graphs,
American excharve Cents.rate of US ddlars to peso is $1=php 47.90. 0.02 is the value of
php in

tesum of the digits is divisible by three. then the given number be divisible by three.
ms is kno.•m as the rule of divisibility of three,
If two 25 pesos, 8 apples can be purchased for 100 pesos.

ÄETS: 2'21 E—
Mathematics
you add up all the numbers betweenl to 100 consecutively then the total that you will is
5050.

you multiply a single-digit nurrber by 9 and add all the digits of the Oroduct. the will always
be 9.

If you take anv number multiplied by three and the digits in the answer', Ahe answer
you receive after adding the digits will always be divisible by three.

In a certain school, the ratio of boys to girls is 5 is to Z. If there are 180 bOY8&rud aids
in the school , there are 75 boys

It takes 20 men to build a house for 60 days. 80 men nee&d tobui/d it in 15

days
 and ICT
Jeff has 2,880 classic rock singles. began his mllection years ago and has doubled
the number in his collection years_ He cnllected 90 Singles during the year_

Johann Gauss is a Century Mathematician i."ho agned the ültegers from 1 to 100
within seconds by a flash of mathernatical insights.
John can eat a quarter of a pizza in one minute. l! takes 6' minutes for John to eat one piæa
and a half.

John Napier*s greatest contributions include' such groundbreaking texts invention of

dividing rcnts used as multiplication table _

Leonardo Fibonacci frorn Pisa, in the 13h.century_ discovered the sequence.

Line segments join together to form a ctosed figure, Re&ngles, squares, and
pentagons are just a few exarrWes Of polygons.
Mathematically. an even number i" number that can be divided into buo smaller numbers
•which are whcAe numbers.

Mixed Numbers reter to numbers combined witl fractions or deerrws. Example or

35.

Mrs. Aicn's batiroo•m has to be covered •Mth tiles. The of the bathr;cnrn needs a
rubberized tile, If the tub is 23 meters lorvg and 18 meters wide, 8.2 meters of rubberized

Study Of Significant numbers and how they impact aspects of

one'S
One quart&iqua) of the plane on the Cartesian coordinate system. The plane is
divided into 4 seqjons, each t*lled a quadrant.

refers to addition, subtraction rnultiplication, or division.

Ordinal nurrbers give reative position in a set first. sec:ond, third. etc,
Probability = Target outcornes./'T0tal outcomes
latnenatics and ICT
pafnuty Ct-,ebysnev is a •grand" Russian Mathernatician wfio nave the basis for applying
the theory Of probability to a statistical data. vorked a nurnber of prirne numbers not
en*eding a given number, and proved Bertrand Conjecture in 1850.
Parabola is an open curve whose ponts are equidistant frorn a fixed
point the focus and a fixed straight line (Aled the directriX.
Parallel(Mæm is a quadrilateral with two sets of opposite sides that
are pae
Pi is used to represent tie ratio of a urcurnterer•pce of a Cirde to its 4iarnetg,
'deroted with the Greek symbd numbers are integers greater than 1 that are
only divislbi"ithernselves and 1,
Quadratic Formula: x = —b ±
Radius is the distanæ found by rneasuring a line segnencextentfng from the cent*
of a drde to any point on the cirde; the line extending fram the of a sphere to any
snint on ttE outside edge of the sptere.

Roman have seven different lgtteés wtf1Gh form the entire nurnber system: 1, V,X. C, D, and
M,

Sine (SOH): Sine opposite'hmenuse

Slope Fom•ulla: Sope = — yl / — x i
Slope Interæpt: y = rnx + b
Slope stÜWs the steepness lhdine a line and is by comparing the positions Of two
points the line (usually on a

Sound intensity wtlidl iSQneäsureå uso decibel scale uses cornrrnn logarithm. is
after Alexander Graham Bell.
Tangent (TOA): = cvposite/adjacent

Tarwent is a —ght a curve frorn only one point

The angles Of ai.nar* always add to 180 &grees.

The area00 egle is (x2 + 2x - 8), If its length is x + 4, its w•idth is x — 2.

The average" different cn.mting nunbers is 20- The h•est lljssible value that one of
90.

OfAB€CiS(A+B+CV3.
nurntær known as M77232917 discov•nd in January 2018 by a
 and
two x ard y is a Of how dosely relata:i they
are or how linearly relati% mey are,

as

away another.

TF-e edges of a rectangular solid nave these measures; feet by 1% feet b} 3 Its
volun• in cubic inches is 972.
The idea Of zero Was invented by an Indian and mathematiüan in
around 600 RD.
The largest number common to each set of factors that divides both exactly Greatest
Cornrnon Factor.

The majority Of the have 31 days in a calendar. Chly have 30 days April, June, September.
and Novetrvber. February typically only hag 28 days. with tt•e exception of leap years.

The mean absolute of the following numbers: 60, 80, 100;' 15 and 95 is '12-4,
The mul€ple cf a nurnber is the product of that number and any other nurntær 2, 4, 6. and
8 are multißes of 2.
The number 2 is the smallest prime number.
The number of tirnes an event can happen' in @ given peri0d of time; often used in
probability calculations is frequency.
The number that denotes repeated multiplication 01 a term, shown as a superscript atnve
that term iS called exponent.

The numerals we use now arecelled "Hindu-Arabic" numbers,

The only prime nurnbers that end wthä "2" or "5" are two and five.

The opposite sides of a dice always add up to 7. For examp•e, 6 and 1 Will
always be on opposite Sides add up to 7.
The power to which basefinust be raised to produce a given nurnber is
logarithm.
The quote "logarithmic plots are device of the devil" is attributed to Charles Francis Richter
who is the most famous as the creator of the magnitude scaler until the rmrnent
rnagnitude scale in 1979. quantified the size of eartYK*uakes.

2021
 of an isosceles triangle is 200. The measure of one of the base
angles is

_The Word "hundred" comes fiotYi the old Norse term.

"hundrath', •which actually means

The nth root of a number is how rnany times a number needs to be by itself
to achieve the value spectfied

There are 86,400 seconds in a day.

40
Genera, "LETs:

There were two outstanding astronomers who contributed notably to mathematics in

the early part of seventeenth century: The German Johann Kepner and the Italian Galileo
Gail lei.

Three brothers inherited a cash amount of P62,OOO and they divided il among thernselves
in the ratio of The largest share is P24,800 more than the smallest share
Trigonornetry is the study of the relationship between the angles of triangles and their sides
Tun buses leave the same station at 8:00 PM. One bus travels north at the rate of
30 kph and the other travels east at 40 kph. The buses are 100 km apart at 10 PM,

Two lines or line segrnents intersecting to form a right angle are perpendicular lines.
Unit is a standard quantity used in rneasurement. Inches and centimeters are units
of length, pounds and kilograms are units Of Weight. and square ITEters and acres
are units Of area.
Vertex is the point ot intersection between two or mare rays. often Galled a corner. A vertex
is where tv&dimensional sides or three-dimensional edges meet.

men set of points join together to form a flat surface that extends in all directions, this is
called a plane, yard is a unt of measure that is equal to approximately 9M .5 cenumeters
or 3 teet.
The Department Of Information and Cornmunications ogy is mandated by DICT act or
Republic act 10844 of 2015 to be the prirnary policyr planning,
ccordinating„ implementing, and administrative entity of the Executive Branch of the
government that Plan, develop, promote me nationa14CT development agenda.

The DICT Secretary is Senator Gregorio Baresteros Honasan Il

 and
Bar graphs illustrate a particular data series through rectangles
A social network ser,'ices aVäilable through the computer is Facebook*
Multimedia is theprogram application that provides users with a means to organize and
present information through the use of text, numbers, graphs, sounds, and visual
images.
Software refers to computer program.

The information highway is caned internet,

The spreadsheet in the cornputer can perform and aid in computation
4
-The central processing unit is the brain of the cornputer.
The local area network Jinks the computer to the base computer making it possible to share
software materials

Mainframe computers are type of cornputers for processing and accessing data at very h
'gh speeds,
General 41

2021
 and

folder.
Encoding is the process of translating sound card signals frorr. a microphone into
ujdes the tnrnputer can use.
Charies Babbage is (Ünsidered to be the "Father of Cornputing" because of his
contributions to the basic design of cornputer.
Press Ctrl + Alt + Delete. Select the application in the task manager window and
click End task. This is an appropriate routine to shut down a
PowerPoint replaces overhead presentation through the use of computer generated
slides,
The unit that transforms data into inforrruation is the CPU.

My computer desktop icon can be to access computer

Modem enables the cornputer to communicate with other computers over the telephone.

Computer worm is a malware program that repeatedly copies itself arid is very similar
to a cornputer virus.
Massive Open Online Courses are considered rnassive because they can accomrnodate
a big number ot learners.
The father Of Computer Science Alan Mathison Turing.
In the delivery of distance education, the computer-assisted instruction application is
used to organize instructions and track students' records and progress.

Tha in-wcrtant practice to scan ä computer's drive for virus prevention is immediately
after installing software from a disk created by a friend.
Like the typewriter, thecomputer has a keyboard.
Command refers to a Single phrase or word that tells the computer to do something
with a program or Ole.
A password is a secret word that rnust be entered into the computer before a person is
allowed to have an access to a certain inforrnation.
Random Memory (RAM) is a temporary memory; Read-Oniy Memory (ROM) a permanent
memory.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) wes first created by Tim Robert

Cailiiau

2021
 and
Nay Bhatt invented the Universal Serial Bus,

42 eøm•n

The Basic Input and Output System that Controls the mrnputet tells us about the operations
to be performed on the System. The instructions are embedded on a r*lip connected to the
Motherboard.

Byte is known as the Storage unit of data

CPU is Tie Brain of a Computer. It is also known as the Central Processing Unit q•the

MAC is the common abbreviation used for a type of personal Cornputer Fladntosh
made by tre Apple Computer Company

OS is the Operating System of the Computer, It is the main orograrn thåt runs on the
Computer and begins automatically when the Computer is turned
The Personal Corrvuter is given the common abbreviation named PC. the Computers
are IBM Compatibbe the File is to be stored in the Portable Document Forrrpt,
term PDF is used.
The Space that can be accessed only one time is krwun Ås Random Access Mernory.
The Working Speed of the Computer System depends on the RAM.

The Instructions for the Cornlllter is the ROM or Read Only Men-ory- ROM is a nonvolatile
and cannot be altered
The System that is used for displaying the graphics is knovvn as Mdeo Graphics Array
or VGA It was developed by IBM.
File Transport Protocol is also known as FTP that moves a file between computers using tne
Internet Servicer

Hypertext Transfer Protocol or HI-rp is the set of instructions for the software that is used to
uyntro/ the rnovements of Files on the Internet.

Tt-e IP also known as Internet Protocol is the method of exchanging the data or information
between the set Of Computers on the Single Network or the series of the I nterconnected N
etworkoø
Internet Servicd Provider or ISP is the Organization that provides the Internet Sevice to
connect the device to the Internet Services.

The Lbcal Area Network or LAN is the group of Computer and Devices Services
provided in the geographical region of an indviduaL

2021
 and
GIF is a graphics iraage format widely used on the Internat- The images are in bitrnap

fgrmat and are cornpressed for easy downloading accessing web pages,
is a navigation Systern used to determine a current location„ A CPS systern is sate"ite-
based and comprised of a satellite network located in orbit powered by a radio signals

banns: E"tion
JPEG js a digital image format commonly used in digital photographyr The JPEG format is
a loose cornpression forrnat and is the roost commonly used format for transrnitting
irnage$ over the Internet.

MBPS (N1egabits per Second) refers to the speed of date beng transferred a
netvvork means and the is measured data transfer in megabits, rate is one One
million megabit bits per represents second over one pts
which

2021
 and
SMS (Short Message Service) is a method used to transmit short messagespver the

Internet
or vie a mobile communication system.

General Edition

2021
 25-year old pregnant wornen is on her last rmonth of gregnancy and has been
experiencing uterine contractions every 20 n-ünutes. The horrnone responsible for
having this contractions is called OxytoCin.
A biome is best defined as a major climatologic regions with consistent
inhabiting populations.
A black hole is massive star that has collapsed to such a srnall volume that preænts
gravity
frie escape Of everything, including light.

A change in state from solid to gas without passing the liqGd state is called
sublirnation.
A aid-blooded animal is one that has a variable body temperature wtlile warm-blooded
anirnal is one that has fixed body temperature.

A light-year is the distance light

travels kilorneters.
in a trillion

A meteor is the luminous phenomenon meteoroid enters Earth's atmosphere and

burns up, popularly called a
A meteorite is any portion of a jneteoroid that reaches Earth's surface
A meteoroid is a small , solid particle that travels through space.
A plasrna is a gas that is composed of free,floating ions (atoms stripr:ed of sorne

A population is a group of ().rgamsrnS with same species that can interbreed in natural
setting. Therefore, it can pass their traits from one generation to another generation.

A scalar quantity is any quantity iti physics the has magnitude, but not a direction
associated it,
Absolute rnagnitude is the apparent brightness of a star if it were viewed from a
distanæ of 32.6 light—years.

Paricultural centers have found lately varieties of coconut propagation thru putting up
plant nurseries.

Abino com seedlings may grow several inches tall. However, they will eventually die,
primarily because they cannot produce their own food.

Allele is an alternative form a gene

 Ammonia is a con-pound %ith nitrogen and hydnvnartesian well is any formation in
which groundwater rises on its o•un under pressure.
An atorn consists of a nucleus, located in the center of the atom that contains protons
ard neutrons and represents roost of the mass of an atom.
At Cellular level of biological organization shows the interaction Of rnoleeules i"thin
one
45
General sciences

Angiosperms are plants with vascular tissues, with seed inside/ outside a fruit,
Aso Known as fruit-bearing plants or flowering plants. Examples are tornatoes
ane

Asexual reproduction requires no fertilization causing no variation because there is no

crossing-over of chromosomes. This happens only from a single parent and produc9an
offspring 01 exact

Astronomy is the study Of celestial bodies such as stars, cornets, planets and galaxies a
nd phenomenathat originate outside the earth'S atrrosphere.

Balance in the water cycle rneans the average annual precipitation over &rth
equals the amount of water that evaporates.
Based on Chargatts rule, Pyrimidine nitrogenous base is always complementary to
purine nitrogenous base,

Because the mass of subatomic particles is so small. Chemistsuse a ver./ small unit ot
mass called the atomic •mass unit (amu),

Bernoülli's Principle states that as the velocity itiOreases, the pressure exerted by
the fluid decreases,

Bose-Einstein Condensate consist of particles called bosons Which exist at the

temperature of O K or - 2730 C with most nmnimu:rn amount
of energy a particle can

Brain stem is the part of the brain that controls the fd10%öng
activities: breathing. blood pressure. heart rate, alertness.
made upOf cell,
 Cell theory has 3 statements:
f. All living organisms
2. Cell is the basic functional unit of life.
3, Cells came from pre-existing cells.
Cerebral Palsy refers to a disorder which muscular control and coordination are
impaired due to Oral n damage€

Cerebrovascular accident is a severe damage to some parts of the brain due to

lack Of blood supply

Chen-tical Properties are properties that are only observable when the substance
reacts with another substance thereby causing a change in the chemical composition
of the substa
Chemistry is a science that describes matter — its properties, the changes it undergoes.
and the energy changes that accompany those processes.
Chrotnosome is a thread of DNA rnede up of genes.
Circulatory system is described as the lifeline of the body. It is the bodVS •pickup" and
delivery system,"

Cleavage is the tendency' of a nneral to cleave, break along flat even surfaces.
General 46

General sciences

cornrnensøiism is the relationship between an organism and a host "tiere neither is

benefited nor harrned
comparing the speed of sound in liquids. gases. and solids, the usually
speed or lowest in gases and highest in solids.
Cosmology is tye study of the nature of the universev its origin and
overall strut*ure,

Cytosine and Uracil are pyrimidine nitrogenous bases and Guanine and
nitrogerwus bases.

Decornposition is a proc:ess in which a substance is broken make it useful in other

processes- The organisms that are capable Of decomposing a substanræ are called
Saprophytes,

Democritus (400 B, C,) proposed that rnatter was composed of tiny indivisible
particles.
Dependent variable is the factor that may Change as result of changes made in the
independent variable.

Desert is the driest ecosystem, very low amount of precipitation, may have very high
or low temperature. Therefore, presence of lite form is none or low, Desertification is
the conversion of semi-arid areas to absolute desert (arid rneans dry).

Despite the observed diversity among organisms, they are all made from the sarne set
of composed Of tnon0fY1etic unite. the carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic

Developing mines require getting.a DENR Environnwntal Clearance.

Diffusion involves the spontaneous and random movement (Brownian movement) of

molecules from place to another.

DNA means Deoxyribonucleic acid; RNA mean Ribonucleic acid. DNA and RNA are both
nucleic acids composed ot phosphate group. sugar group, and nitrogenous bases.

Ecosystem is the relationship between the physical and biological environments in a

cenain plain. Anung desert ecosysterns. the world'S largest ecosystem is Antarctica.

Ectopic pregnancy is the abnormal implantation of embryo in any Vace of female

reproductive organ except the uterus' endometrium,

Eight 00t ofthe top ten leading causes Of morbidity in the Philippines are
communicable. TO prevent these from happening to your Students, the best advice
you can give them is to wash hands frequently.

BenenfSin the periodic table that has the symbol Ca is calcium; Au is gold; K is
J*'tassium; and Na is sodium.

Equal to work done against gravity is gravitational potential energy.

Estuaries are areas where freshwater merge With the ocean-
 sciences
Essential amino acids are proteins that an organism rrust mnsurne source because it
cannot be synthesized b} itself. 'n hurnann the essential a-nino acids are: histidine.
isoleucine. leucine. lysine, methionine, phenylalanine. thremine. tryptophan, and
vdine.
FennioniG Condensate t»nsist of norrnal fermions (which are the building of normal
matter) which are alrnost identical to bosons they cannot stick together.

Few organisms can directly utilize atmospheric nitrogen that can able to iptegrate
nitrcvn gas fro:rn the atmosphere into the nitrogen cycle of the biosphere
Fog is a cloud with its base at or very near the ground. The formation fog generally
occurs aner the ground has lost heat by evaporation.
Fold eruptions of rock formation cause the worlds greatest rrÜantain ranges.

Food preparations are handled well to avoid spoilage caused by unsanitary conditions
in the
preparation
animel waste disposal because
and processing
of the fcod
products. the net

Food, plants equal in size are balanced

and Other
these are
biodegradable.

For neutral any other quantityfor their

atoms,

Forces acting
on an Object that

Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons be used as fuel, induding coal, oil, and natural

Fundanpntal Quantities are

Gene is a section of DNA. whir*l d)des for the formation of a protein controlling a specific
chuacteristic of the organism...

Gene is a segmentof DNAhOlecule which controls the appearance of a given trait.

 sciences
Green plants are considered autotrophs because they can build simple inorganic
substances into organic cornpcnmds.
fingernails' are rnade up of Keratin.
coined the terrn "survival of the fittest."

Heterotrophic organisrns obtain their energy by eating plants or animals that have
eaten

HOITE•ns have a closed circulatory system where bbd is enclosed ons." inside a t»dy
and passes through vessels

Hurricane is a weather disturbance in the western part of the Atlantic Ocean.

If a colcr blhd man marries a woman who has normal vision and no history me
disease, it is most probaue that all of their daughters will be carriers.
If the flower has emer stamen or gistil, it is called an Imperfect flower. Il the flower
has stamen only, it is a staminate flower If the flower has pistil only, it is a pistillate
flower.
Irrurigration (travel into) and hurnan

Natality (birth)

In a normal breathing process, inhalation

happens when the diaphragm contracts and gees
cbwn as the ribcage goes upwa•d and outward. the

In this situation of one anin•mal

is other animal while the Other animal is not
in an
harrned nor
Independent variable is the factor that iS intentiondly experirnent.

Inheritance is the transmission of genetic inforrnatiOn.from gme generation to the next,

leading to continuity of the species and variation Within it.

Insects have 6 legs. spiders have 8 legs; crustaceans have 10 legs, centipedes have 1
pair of leg in one segrnent, and millipedes have 2pairS of leg in one segrnent.
Intrusive igneous rocks ere formed when rnagna•hardens beneath the Earth's
surface.
 sciences
Invertebrate anirnals have no bonesÄjch as jellyfish and sea anernone; Vertebrate
animals have bones such as tigers and monkeys,
Ionic cornpounds consist of positive negative d-l.arges together by the strong
electrical attractions beruveen oppositelycharqed ions.

Ionization energy is the energy required to remove one of the outermost electrons.
Ions are forrned by gainirtg electrons,
Iron-defidency contributessto the poor scholastic performance of students. Liver is best
for iron-deficient

Isostasy is the that the Earth's crust is floating in gravitational balance upon the material
of the mantle.

Isotonie'olution has an equal arnount of solute and solvent between

the internal and environrnent of the cell. Therefore, water
solution molecules erner and exit 10 the call.

is when there is an equal arnount of solute and solvent

EEtween tl-B externa environrnent of the cell. Therefore,
water molecules enter and exit to

Kinernatics a way of describing Of vithout describing the causes.

LASER stands for .ArnplifiGation by Stimulated Ernssion Of Radiation.

EAU. principle.

created or destroyed under ordinary conditions,

Law of conservation of mass (Anton Lavoisier) that in a chemical reaction Tatter is

neither created nor destroyed. it is transforrned into sorrrnhing else.
Law of constant/definite composition (Joseph Prousz) states that a given Gornpo.nd
always (mains the same, fixed ratio of elements.
Law of Entropy states that heat flows from an object with a lower temperature
 to an
sciences
Law of multiple proportions (Joseph Prousz) slates "'lat Slements æn combine in different
ratios to form different cornpounds„

Lewis symbols represent the valence electrons as dots placed on sides or the symbol
for an element.

Malaria is carried by Anopheles mosquito, Dengue aegypti rrnsquito,

Mechanical weathering occurs When physical forces and smaller pieces without
changing the rcd's rrü-ueral
Metals are lustrous (shiny), malleable, ductile, and are good conductors heat and

Wk is an antidote that have a similar effegyv•inegar or citrus juice 'Nere avaiue.

M,rnosa pudca, locally known.as Makahiya is as such because its leaflets tend to close
'Mien touched, This orgarusrnal response to a given stitnuli that is calked Thigrnotropi

Minerals are naturally occurring solid substances with an orderly crystalline structure and
definite 'hmical composition..
Molarity (trees Otsolute/liter of sdution) is defined as the moles of solute per volurne (U of
solution.

Mollusca is consisting of three rnain parts: a rnuscular foot, fi-nctions in

locomtion•, a visceral mass containing roost of the internal organs; and a rnantle. a
fdd of t/ssue that drapes over the visceral mass and secretes a shell.
Moses aro plants that are small and cannot grow very large because they do not have
vasFV lar tissues.

hydrogen and oxygen is found as makes up 55 to 60% of our

Muro-ami is a destructive fishing method wrerein fishes are driven out of a coral reef
by pounding the corals With a heavy weight-

Nitrogen Cycle is observable in the mushrooms thrive few days aner lightning
 sciences

change are changes in the atomic properties of an elernent.

fusion is the way that the sun produces energy. This reaction convere
four Nuclear nuclei into the nucleus of a helium atom. releasing a trerrendous
eneoy• forms from cold front pushing warm air up of the ground.
. Of all the elements, 20 are essential for the well-being and survival of body On
average, about 90% of the energy is lost at each leve in a chain:
Organisms that belong to the sarne genus are necessarily included in the same
Family.
Oxygen is not needed in the process of photosynthesis (manufacturing Of fOOd in
green pmts
PAGASA announces the approacn of the seasonal winds. The familiar names used are
Arnihan and Habagat, internationally known as Northeast and Southwest
respectively_

Paleornagnetism is the natural remnant magnetism in rock bodies; this permanent

nugnetization acquired by rock can be used to determine the location of the magnetic
poles at the tirre the "Wk bec;arne magnetized.

Parallax is the slight shifting of the appaiént position of a star due to the orbital
motion of

Parasite is an organism that"on a ruither organism for survival

Parturition is a prcx:ess by baby is born through labor- Labor is the period during
which uterine contractions occur that result in expulsion of tie fetus.

Patients suffering from rnalfunc*ion of the kidney are now assisted by machine
that serves as artificial kidney Hernodialyzer.

Perihelion is the. point the Ed'th's orbt nearest to the sun; Aphelion is the point in the Earth's orbit
farthest to the sun.

hase change is one in which substances goes from me phase to another, solid, liquid
cc gas. by the or removal of heat.
 sciences
Photosmthetic plants and bacteria can trap light energy and convert it into
energy.
ysi:cåichange are changes in the physical properties of matter and takes plaæ
changing the chenical cornposition

post-nütem; of the
pallor rrørtis, paleness due to lack of blcwd circulation.
2, Algor rnortis, ml dness of the body. into the air that
are properties
3. Rigor mortis, stiffness that
of the body , can measured or obser•æd without changing
the the substance
Lieu mortis, settling and pooling of blood due to gravity. have genetic
projectile is isany
composed
object Of a group
which vittl Effferent
projected of living
by some means. or thirvs_
contirwes to rrnve due to its own inertia (mass). 51
prok.æyctjc ælls are (ffferent from eukaryotic cells because
rnaterials that are floating and not enclosed in a capsule.
Radioc:zbon dating the rnethod for determining age by comparing the of carbon-14 to
the arrount of in a sample.
 sciences
Sanæ stn.Eture but differntin function is known as Hornologous structure.

Schcn andirilk rationing programs to school dlildren are being implemented by

governrtÜ1t- is designed to stop malnutrition among schoolchildren.
ro&s are forrned from the weathered prrüiCts of pre-existing rocks that
have t:een deposited, and æmented,
Seisrnolo+%is of earthquakes as well as structure of the earth, on the study

Sinwe are tcds that dunge the direction or magnitude of a force; it czn do
rrovetrent.
St±-pull is a nechaniyn that a:ntritRJtes to plate in vålich dense oceanic cn.Ä sinks into
and •pulls" the trailing lithosphere along. It is to be the pnrrary arm of flow in the
rnantle,
Senall intestine is area of find absorption of nutrients tj•v01-gh Villi with high efficiency in
terns its ratio.

52
General sciences
Solar eclipses occur when the troves in a line directly between Earth aryl the sun, 'Sting
a shadow on Earth.
solar flares are bdef outbursts that normally last atnut an hour and appear as a
brightening of the region above a sunspot duster solubility is the maximum arnount of
solute that dissolves in a specific armuntof sevent_ cannot travel in vacuum because
there are no rrdeca.lles to pass me-.ratjon.
travels fastest in solids and travels slowest in gases. The speed Of•svund
in air is 340 rWs,

Sun, ultirrEte Source Of all energy based on 1 st Law Of

created, Thertmdyrürnics — energy is nor destroyed. Energy
transform frorn one form another
appear dark because of their temperature, &R.J't 1500 K less than that of the
suroündlng solar surface ,

Syrnbiosis is manifested by and fungi in

Terranes are any crustal fragments that have apeok_•; history distinct frorn that of the
a#ning fragments.
The activation energy is the rTiinimum amountöbf energy required to break the
between atoms of the reactants,

The angle Of incident and renedg:i light is measured by a perpendicular to the

surface 0' thenirror
The big bang theory states that atone time, the entire universe was to a dense,
hot, supermassive ball

The branch of biology that Wtth the study of animal behavior is Ethology.
The breathing found in leaves are called stomata, The size of the stomata is regulated
by the guard'K*IISI

The buoyant force on an object in a fluid is equal to the weight fluid displaced by the object

The cherni"i that releases heat energy during the process is cal'ed exothermic

The'ens the object is by dividing its mass by the displaced volurne.

DOA warns the public about preseratives being used in vegetables. To ensure a edible
vegetables, wash the vegetables with clean watery
 The First Law of states that when heat fbws in or out Of a system. tine energy it
gains or loses is to the amount Of heat transferred.
The first spaæ telesa:ve, built by NASA, Was the Space IT-futhle was nat
intoont around Earth in April 1990
AETE2UIEüt•n

The hurran body temperature is 98.6 Fahrenheit.

01 carbon dioxide in the atrnosphere has altered the carbon cycle 'nd

contributed to global warming — the unnatural warming of the lower atmosphere

The inverse relationship between the pressure and volurne of a gas is knovm

The latest discovery in biological science as applied to animal iridustry IS Artificial Breed
ing•
The measurert*nt of any quantity is made relative to a partia„'lar ståndard or unit that must
be along vmth the numerical value Of the quantity.

The Milky Way is a large spiral galaxy whose disk is about 100,000 light-years wide and
*out 10,000 light-years thick at the nucleus.
The moon's gravitational pull causes high and low tides.
The most abundant inorganic compound is water
The photosphere the region the sun that 'radiates energy to space, or the visble surface
of the sun.
The principle of fossil successionstates that fossil organisms sutceed one another in a definite
and determinable order

The stnallest particle of an element that could not be further divided but still retain tie
properties of such elernent is atom.
The technology that uses tb breakdown or torrentrate toxic wastes in the soil is
 zed
use of product containing chlorofluorocarbon is discouraged because they
contribute the depleticm of ozg;ye layer The ozone layer is the Earths shield
against sun's radiat]OO.

The world ocean can be divided into four main ocean basins — the Pacific
ocean, the Atlantic Yle Indian Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean.
There seven fundamental quanuties: mass, length, time, temperature,
electric current, luminous intensity, and amount Of substance.

ct)ntrol the apparent brightness of a Star as seen from Earth: how big it is,
hot it is, and how far away it is.
Trenches forrn at the Sites of plate convergence Miere one moving plate descends
another and plunges back into the mantleum prrx&e lead that is used
radioactivity

General sciences

Vascular tissue that transports water in leaves directly thru xylem inside the stern

Vestigial structures are with ancestral function, But thru adaptation and patural selection, its
function consequently was decreased.
Water constantly moves an•ong the Oceans, the atrnosphere, the solid Earth. and the
biosphere This unending circulation of Earth's water supply is the water cycle,
Wegener proposed that the supercontinent, Pangaea, began to break apart200 million
years ago and form the present landmasses

wegenerrs continental drift stated that the continents had once been joined
to form a single supercontinent.
VVhen a gardener propagates a plant by taking cuttings. he plants his cutting in a
wellwatered soil in a plant pot. To reduce the water demand ot the cutting, the
gardener may then cover the plant and pot with e polythene bag.
elements are arranged in order of increasing, atomic-number there is a periodic

pattern in their physical and chemical properties

light from a element passes through a prism, it separates into distinct lines of
color separated by dark areas Galled an atomic spectrum.

When the ternperature is lower than the dew point, but without precipitation, it is said to
 supercooled.
be

Mating helps to maintain

a constant

fcrco on another

gene heritable alleles for all Of the traits in

a given

Object and tis force displaces

alone the surface Of the Earth between the tropic Of cancer and the

2021 utiøn

FACTS ABOUT coViD-19

CQViO- 19 spreadi primarily Iron-I person to person thru droplets released scmeone
sick sneezes or coughs can land on the mouths or noses people nearby. 'viay also
transferred thru close contact with sorneone sick like hugging or shaking hands and can
also be left on c&ects end surfaces

Cleaning the hands often, rough or sneeze in your bent elbow — not
avoid touching eyes. nose and mouthf avoid close contact with someone is sick, and
clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces are ways to prevent
COVIO-19 Infection.

TO avoid CoViD-19. avoid the crowded places with many people nearby, avoid
closecontact settings especially where people have dose-range enversations, and avoid
confined enclosed spaces with poor ventilation.

vulnerable to COVIJ-19 infection are healthcare over 60 years of age, and those
eith heath conditions_

Contract tracing means identifying everyone who in close with someone who has covaD-19.

Hand rub for hand hygiene has a duration of entire procedure for 20-30 seconds.
WHO recommends that all healthy adults do 39 minutes/day of physical activity. and
children should be physically active for 1 hour/day_

The tvletro rnanila lockdown happened last March 15.2020.

San Lazærc Hospital is the institution which took care of the COViD-19 case.
COViC!-19 was first discovered ib Wuhan, China.

Comorbidity refers to the presence of a pre-existing chronic disease condition-

Severe acute respiratory syndrorne coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) refers to the
Coronavirus Disease 2019,

General Communiti Quarantine (GCQ) refers to the implema•tauon Of temporary

measures limiting movement and transportation, regulation of operating industries.
and presence af uniformed personnel to enforce community quarantine protocols

Modified General Community Ouarantine (MGCQ) refers to the transition phase

between GCQ and the New Normal, when the following temporary measures are
relaxed and become less necessary: limiting rnovernent and transportation, the
regulation ot operating industries,.nd the presence of uniformed personnel to enforce
oomrnunity quarantine orotomls.

Modified Enhanced Community Quarantine (MECO) refers to the transition phase

between ECQ and GCQ, when the following temporary measures are relaxed and less
 necessary stringent limits on movement and transportation cf people, strict regulation
of ooerating industries. provisiTl of food and essential services, and heightened
presence of uniforrned personnel to enforce community quarantine protocns.

$6
apøendix: coujn-19 Facts
Cornrnunity Quarantine (ECG) reters to the implernentation of temporary

measures imposing stringent limitations on rnovernent and transportation people. strict

regulation of operating industries, provision of food and essential services, and heightened of
uniformed personnel to enforce cornrnunity quarantine protocols.

Inter-zonal movernent refers to the movement Of people. goods, and service' bebeeen
provinces, quarantine highly urbanized classificationcities, and independent mmponent
cities "der different

intrazonal movement refers to the rnovernent of people. goods. anWservice between

provinces, urbanized cities, and independent component cites under same
community quarantine classification-

New normal refers to the emerging behaviors, situations, and -rninirnurn public health
standards that be institutionalized in cornrnon or routine practices and remain even
after the pandemic while the disease is not totally eradicated through means such as
Wdespread irnnnunization_ These include actions that will beccnne second nature to
the general public as well as policies such as bans on large gatherings that will continue
to in force.

References:
Republic of the Philippines: Department of Health (n_dj
Retrieved from FAQS: VACCINES: nttp5 ;//doh.gov.
ph/faqs/vacci nes

secretariat, T. 1. (2020. May 22» Republic of the Philippines: Inter-Agency Task Force.
Retrieved from Ominbus Guidelines on Community Quarantine with Arnendrnents as of
January 14, 2020;
https;Ud0h_gov.ph/sitesldefault/files/health-update/2021C114omnibus-gu [delin es-on-
the-implementati on-of-commun ity-quaranti neuin -thePhilippi nes. pdf
WHO (2020, October 7). information for the public. Retrieved from World Health
 Organization; https-.//www.who.irwphlljppines/emergenciesfcovid-l g-response-in-
thephilippines/information

biLETE: 2021 E"tion

Apoendix
REVIEW GUIDE
EARTH
Moon can orbit around the earth for 27 days

Only rocky planet with form of life

%'Vith 72% body of water; With 28% is land
Has core of iron and nickel; Has mantle Of iron and rock; Has crust rnaiorly made of

Silicon is the rnost abundant a-ineral in the Earth's crust

Diameter 926 miles (42,756 km)
1 (Luna — natural satellite)
Number of moon
Hghest point on Earth Mt, Everestv
I-awest point on Earth Marianas Trench
Longest river on Earth Nie River
Largest lake on Earth Caspian Sea
Deepest lake on Earth Lake Baikal
 Largest and deepest ocean on Earth Pacific Ocean
Longest mountain range on Earth Andes mountain

Highest waterfall on Earth Angel Falls

Largest waterfall on Earth Victoria Falls
Biggest sand island on Earth-3 Fraser Island
Largest continent 00 Earth Asia
Largest country in Asia China
smallest continent onEarth Australia
Smallest independent state Vatican City
Largest natim by area Russian F
Pv'tost populOus nations China and India

lighestpopulation density
Largest archipelago Indonesia
Largest landlocked country Kazakhstan
Srnallest 'anatocked country; vatic-an City
01 Ge:nera Education Edition 58

øpen"• Review Guide

of the world = 110m Pangaea to Laurasia and Gondwanaland to 7
Continents.
1, Asia
Africa
J North Arneric,a
4 SC)uth Arneric.a
5 A')tardica
6 Eur01N*
/, Australia

Types of
Typmon — storms' form
in Indian
Ck;ean
— form in Atlantic form earth's
in Padfic Ocean
 Global Warming
Cause by increased amount of greenhouse gases GreentumJ:se gases are
molecules absorbing the
surface
Examples of greenhouse gases: Carbon dio*ide, Methane, Nitrous Oxide
May (Zuse forest fire. and Climate
changes effects like el Niho and la
PHILIPPINES

the Ring Of Fire — area on the surfaæ Of the earth where in

an arc
the largest
Has 7 Wnda,rm Samü
Luzm, as
as ttw
PinatL*30 as the

Bu)es City as tt-æ muntrY# rzpital

Christian country in Asia
Has W rep& of the Philippines
Manila created from Spanish time up to present

H!ad 5

Niha
nøøendi* Review Guido
EOtion 60
 Review

INVENTION/DISCOVERY PLACE OF ORIGIN

Alphabet Egypt
Australasia
Calendar Babylonia
Coinage Turkey
Control of Fire

Lilesopotamiä
Farr-ing
Europe/Asia

H«se dornasticat
Irrigation Mesopotamia
Law code BäbYIonia
Mechanical Calculator
Germanyy
Mlning Europe
Newspape r Germany
Paper Ancient china
permanent snelters Eastern Europe

Plough Mesopotarnia
Pottery vessels Ancient Japan

Silk Weaving England

M esopotamia
 Review Guide

61 bMLETs: 2021 tmuon

GREAT FLOODS DESCRIPTION

England
Flooding of Thames River

Netherlands and Germany North Sea Storrn

Western England Tsunarri in the Bristol Channel
Flooding of Yellow River
China
Central China Flooding of Yellow, Yangtze, and Hua'
River

VOLCANIC ERLJPTION DESCRIPTION

mendil:Review Guide
Produced beautiful sunset
uced årgest lava flow ever recorded

Eruption in Canary Island

Destroyed the town Of Saint- Pierre
"Glacier Burst'
Tarnbora, Surre.ya "Year without a summer
Vesuvius

Destroyed the Pompeii and

Herculaneum

EARTHQUAKES DESCRIPTION
Karm. Japan
Lebanese Coast
Most destructive earthquake in Japanese history
, China
Sparta. Greece Widespread destruction in Beirut. Tyre, and Tripoli
Most destructive earthquake in China's history

Revolt of helots and outbreak af Peloponnesien War

02
Auuendix:

EXPLORERS
CONTRIBUTION
Alexander Gordon Laing First European to reach Tirnbuktu

Bartolomeu Dias Rounded Africa's Cape of Good Hope

Discovered the Americas. landing in the
Christopher Columbus Bahamas, discovered main'an,d Of south

Diniz Diaz Discovered the Cape Verde islands off the

west coast of Afritz
 Review Guide
Ferdinand Magellan Explored the Philippines

Francis Drake Circumnavigated the grob&

Francisco Pizarro Led the conquest of the Inca Errpire in Peru

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Reached the Grand Canyon in 1540
Hernan Cortes Led the conquest of the Aztec Ernpire in
Mexico
Jar-nes Cook Mapped the New Zealand and Australian
coasts

John Cabot Discovered mainland of north America

Juan Ponce de Leon Discovered Florida

Leif Eriksson Discovered the Vinland, part of north America
Matthew Flinders Circumnavigated Australia
Meriwether Lewis Led the first transcontinental expedition across the
US
Pedro Alvarez Cabral Discovered Brazil
Richard Byrd Cornpleted the first overflight ofthe North pole

Roald An-undsen First man to reach the South Pole

Vasco Nunez de Balbö First European to Navigate the South Sea
Mliam Dampier Crossed the Pacific Ocean

2021
 Review Guide
Annen11iX:
ADOendiX: Review Guide
AUTHORS CONTRIBUTIONS
Aeschylus Seven Agaiost Thebes
Alexander Pushkin
Alexandre Dumas Tt•vee Musketeers
Tip Frogs
Dante Alighieri Cornedy

Geottrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales

Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice

Jean Racine
Johann Wd•fgarg von Goethe Faust
John Keae
Milton Paradise Lost
Swift Gullivers Travels
rvfigtEl de Cervantes Q.jiX0te
Le M santhrope
ADOendiX: Review Guide
ADOendiX: Review Guide
 Review Guide

Five ships Of Magellan:

I. San Antonio
2. Santiago
3. Trinidad
4. conoepcion
5. Victoria

Five groups of evangelizers arrived in the Philippines:

1 Augustinian
2. Franciscans
3. Jesuits
4. Dominicans
SPANISH TERMS DEFINITION
Peninsulares Full-blooded Spaniard living in the Philippines
born in Spain
insulares Full-blooded Spaniard borriÉnd living in the
Philippines
llustrados Wealthy individuals studied overseas
Mixed racial origins
Indo Native Filipinos
Sangley Fun-blooded Chinese
Polo y Serviaos F Labor
F alla Exemption Fee to Polo y Servicios
Cedula Personal Identification Paper
Obras Pias Charitable foundation
Gobemaoorc:i110 Mayor
5. Recolletos
 Review Guide

LANDMARKS OF THE PHILIPPINES LOCATION

NATIONAL PARKS
Guadalupe tv'abugnao Mainit Hot Spring
National park

CHURCHES

San Jose de Ivana Church

Bata nes
paoay Church liocos Norte
Bantay Church Ilocos Sur
Calasiao Church Pangasinan
BetiS Church Pam pane
Sarasoain Church Bulacan
Peete Church Laguna
Taal Basilica
Tayabas Basili 'Oezon
Daraga Church
Pari3h Church of San Raymundo de Cæayan

Parish Church Of San Andres Maginloe, Zambales

parish Church of the Assumption of Oui Lady Caviie
Baclayon Church
Miag-ao Church 110i10

CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL LANDMARKS

Rizal Park 'vlanila

Calle Crisdogo Iloc.os Sur

Leyte Landing Park
Sandlüy 01

blactan S!hdne

Jose Rizal Shrine Dapitan

del Santo Niho
 Review Guide

PHILIPPINE FESTIVALS LOCATION MONTH

Ati-At1han Festival January
Cibo. Ak]an
Mahaguyog Festival Sto_ Tornase Batarwas FGbruary
alalion Festival Tabuk, Kalinga February
Babaylanes Festival Bago, Negros Occidental February 68

Kaamulan Festival Malaybalay, Bukidnon

b,4alasimb0 Festival Puerto Galera, Mindoro
Centurion Festival General Luna, Quezon
Pasalarnat Festival La Carlota. Negros Occidental May
asta' y Dayat Festival Lingayen, Pangasinan

Carabao Carazza Race

Pavia, 110110

Tapusan Festival Aitagtag, Batangas

Barangay Boat Festival AparrivCagayan
Pahiyas Festival Lucban. Quezon
Pahoy — Pahoy Festival Samar
Pagoda Festival Bu lacan July
Kahirnoan Abayan Festivál Eutuan. Agusan del Norte July
Pangapog Festival Sannal, Davao del Norte August
Palu — Palo Festival Basco, Batanes August
Pasaka Festival Taouan, Leyte
Kalibongan Fe*tival Kidapawan, North Cotabato August
Hin-ay Festival Irosin, Sorsogon September
Sara kiki Festival Calbayog, Western Samar September
BaniganU Kawayan Festival Basey. Samar

Inug_— Og Festival Oroquieta, Misamis Ocidental October

TUbOd Lanao del Norte

Festival Tigbao. ZarrDaoanga del Sur October

ADoendiX: Review Guide
Lanzones Festival
Catadungan Festival
PHILIPPINE FESTIVALS
Sanduguan Festival
pyagsa"tan Festival
Maytinis Festival
PHILIPPINES PRESIDENTS
Emilio F. Aguinaldo
Kitanuel Quezon
Jose P. Laurel
Sergio S. Osrretia Sr.
Manuel Roxas
Elpidio R. QJirina
Ranur'i F. Magsaysay
Carlos P. Garcia
Diosdado P.
Ferdinand E. Marcos
Corazon C_ Aquino
Fidel V. Rarros
Joseph E. Estrada
Gloria M. Arroyo
Benigna Sinnem.?. Aquino Ill
Mambajao, Carniguin
Virac, Catanduanes
10
LOCATION MONTH
Calapan, Occidental Mindcyo Novernber
Marasugan. Cornpostela
Valley
Kawit, Cavite
ABOUT
18t President of the Malolos Republic
President of the Philippine Corrunonwealth
14 President of the Dpanese Sponsored
Government
18tX»eaker Of Philippine Assembly
President ofthe Republic
Armendgd th6 1935 Constitution
Opened the l!alacaäang to the poor
Proponent ofFilivino First Policy
Father ofLand Reform Act
Lcmgest reigning Presi&nt
Father of the
Led the Strong Republic
Created the K to 12 curriculum
 Review Guide
Rodri%) Duterte 1 President from Mindanao
nguendix: Review Guide
BRANCHES OF THE ROLES MEMBERS
PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT
Legislative Makes the law
House of Representatives
President
Executive Carries out the Vice President

Cabinet
Judiciary Evaluates the Supreme Courts and other
Courts
1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
We, the sovereiqn Filipino people. it•ngonng the aa Of
Almighty God, in order to build a just and mrnane society
and establish a Government that shall ernbodv our Zees
and aspirations, prornote the common conserue and
develop patrimony, to Ourselves and our posterity
blessings of independence and dernocracy under the rule
of law and a regime of truth. justice, freedom, love.
equality. and peace. ordain and promulgate this
Constitution,
Article I N ational Territory
The national territory comprises the Philippine
archipelago, '"th all the islands and waters err-braced
thereinr and a" Other territories over which the
Philippines has sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting 01
terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial dornains. including its
territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoi, the insular stælves,
and other submarine areas. The waters round, between.
and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless
Article Il 01 their breadth and dimensions, form partot the
internal waters of the Philippines.

Declaration of Principles and State Policies

Article Ill Bill of Rights
Article IV Citizenship
Article V Suffrage
Legislative D4artrnent
Article W
Article Executive De partnent

Article IX
Judicial Department
Commissions
mm: 2021
 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
Article X Local Government
Article Xl Accountamity of Public Officers
tom
Article
National Economy and Patrirnony
Article
Social Justice and Human Rights

Education, Science and Technologyr Arts, Culture and sports

Micle XV The Family
Article XVI General Provisions
Article XVII Arnendments or Revisions
Article Transitory Provisions
general

REFERENCES:
Carolina G. '-ernandeza G. C. (2020, April 10). Philippines, Retrieved April 13.2020, from
britannica: httpsWw%%britannica.com/pIace/Philippines

Congress, U. L (n_d.). Philippines. Retrieved April 13, 2020, from country studies:
http://countrystudies.us/philippines.'31.htm

Fiona Cowar, Green, Philip Parker, Joel Levy, Thornas Cussans, Carrie Gibson, RA
Grant, Saly Regan. (2011 Smithsonian: Tirnelines of History, go Strand, LA-don:
Dorling Kindersley Limited,
Guzman, N. D. (2017, April 12).24 Historical Philippine Churches to Visit Thig Holy
Week Retrieved April 2020. from Esquire:
https:üwww.asquirernag.pMculture/24historical -ch urches-to-vi sit-this-holy-
week-i [I-the-Philippines-al 729-20170412-1trrn2

Heritage & Historical. (n.d). Retrieved April 15 2020, from Experience Philippines:
http]/w•.m•_experiencephilippi orgmecitag e-hi storical •tourism'

Woodward. (2013), Geography: a visual encyclopedia, 379Hudson Street New York,

New York 10014: DK Publishing

Republic Acts. (n,d_). Retrieved April 15. 2020, Official Gazette:

httpsff/www.offici algazetteGOV. pWsecti0 nplaws/repu blitz-acts/

Sir-ran Adams, Anita Ganeri, Ann Kay _ (2010). ofthe World: The Essential Farnily Guide
to Geography and Culture. 375 Hudson Street. New York, New York 10014: OK
Publishing, Inc
The Constitution of Republic of the Philippines. (1987. February 2) Retrieved April 15,
2020. from Official Gazette:
httpsffwww.Officialgazette,gov.ph/constitutions/1987constitution.'

Three Branches of Governrnent. (n.d.). Retrieved April 15i 2020, frotm Philippine
Inforrnatkln
Agency: httpsflpi*.gov.pWbrenches-of-govt

TPB CALENDAR OF PROMOTIONS AND MARKETING ACTIVITIES. (n.dr), Retrieved

April
15, 2020, from Tourism Promotions Board Philippines:
https-./fwøn.v.tpb.gov.phlrnarketing-and-promötionsttpb-c:alendar-of.pronwi ions-a
Ndmarketing-activities/calendar-or-philippi re-festivals-an d.monthl y-observances-
theme/

Valdeavillav R (4018. January 28), The Best National Parks in tha Philippines- Retrieved
April
15, 2020, frorn The culture Tap:
https%#theculturetriprcom/asia/ph ilippinestarti cles/best-naUonal-parks- phili
ppir,es,'

74 bunns: zum