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A CENTRE FOR HOMELESSNESS REHABILITATION

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 contents.
3 4

chapter one; 5-22 chapter three; 33-54

aims, aspirations & ambitions typology study

CON TEX T 7-10 SANDS END ART & COMMNI T Y CEN T RE 35-38

AIM ONE 11-12 MOUN T PLEASAN T 39-42

AIM T WO 13-14 SEIJO TOWNHOUSE 43-46

AIM THREE 15-16 LA CI T E DE REFUGE 47-50

AIM FOUR 17-18 MAGGIE’S WEST LONDON 51-54

AIM FIVE 19-20

OVERVIEW 21-22
chapter four; 55-66

technical strategy
chapter two; 23-32 COMPACT HOUSING 57-58

cultural, political & societal stances CON T EMPLATIVE SPACES 59-60

ST RUCTURAL DESIGN 61-62

MASLOW’S THEORY 25-26
MATERIALI T Y 63-64
SUBVERTING NIMBYISM 27-28
ENVIRONMEN TAL ST RATEGY 65-66
METABOLISM 29-30

INCLUSIVE DESIGN 31-32 bibliography 67-68

chapter one.
5
 CHAP T ER ONE: CON T EX T

southbank
7 8

HOMELESSNESS IN SOUTHWARK STREET OUTREACH FROM LONDON NURSES

HOMESLESSNESS MAP (SHELTER ENGLAND)

context current measures

With the rising number of rough sleepers in the UK,
especially in London, the architectural response has
become hostile and prejudiced. Subsequently, this calls
271,000 Currently, Southwark County Council have proposed a
“Homelessness Strategy” which outlines three key
objectives:
The overall aim for Southwark’s Homelessness Strategy
is to:

for a change to help those in need to accommodate and

integrate into society. are homeless in UK “
1. to offer a high quality and innovative service to “deliver an innovative, leading
This project is meant for the rehabilitation of the homeless households and households threatened with
and accessible service to
homeless in Southbank, London. Using the philosophy of
liminality, the scheme provides a way to shelter, including homelessness
prevent homelessness and

123,000
rehabilitate, educate and integrate those who are less
fortunate. The project aims to oppose the notion of
2. to use our position as a leading trailblazer authority to
make a positive contribution to national policy around
assist homeless households
nimbyism and stigma around homelessness whilst homelessness and welfare reform in finding long term
providing a sense of home through connecting a affordable and sustainable
community. 3. to work collaboratively in finding long-term housing
solutions for people threatened with homelessness. housing”
children ”
(Shelter, 2023)
 CHAP T ER ONE: THE WIDER SI TE

the wider site.

9 10

The site itself is easily

locatable and provides
necessary access through
central London, making it a
perfect match for a
community-driven scheme.

SITE

SITE PLAN 1:5000

This project is situated next to the Rambert School

on Upper Ground; additionally, on the opposite side of
Cornwall Road is the Coin Street Neighbourhood
Centre. A community centre that provides mix-used
purpose as well as being a part of Haworth
Tompkins’ “Coin Street Community Builders” project.
 CHAP T ER ONE: AIMS, ASPIRATIONS & AMBI T IONS

aim one:
11 12

to shelter

HOMELESSNESS MAP OF SOUT HWARK (2022)

The scheme proposes to provide accommodation at three
levels for those in need.

1 Fully-assisted living: (Long-term)

where occupants are taken care of by
volunteers. Residents are able to decide to live in
solo or group homes.

2 Semi-assisted living: (Long-term + Short-term)

where occupants are provided food services and
maintenance services. Co-living is encouraged to
connect residents.

3 Self-sustained living: (Short-term)

where occupants are provide a home and are
expected to be able to cook and maintain the home.
Again, co-living is encouraged as in this stage of the
‘rehabilitation’, social bonds create opportunities to
foster a healthy community.

“Despite the progress made,

a significant number of
Southwark households
Sleeping pods designed by Reed Watts in a South
remain at risk of London homeless shelter.
becoming homeless and
demand on borough
services continues to grow.”
 CHAP T ER ONE: AIMS, ASPIRATIONS & AMBI T IONS

aim two:
13 14

to rehabilitate
This proposal aims to provide services for rehabilitation.

Whether its psychological or physical rehabilitation, the

scheme should support occupants and those in need
alike with social services that change their day to day “Back on My Feet, an
lives for the better. This extends to the public as the organization that uses
building should be a driving force for a healthy
Rehabilitation can be achieved through varied running as a catalyst for
community.
ways, physical or psychological. homeless rehabilitation”
There are many types of rehabilitation; the main three
being: occupational, physical and speech.
 CHAP T ER ONE: AIMS, ASPIRATIONS & AMBI T IONS

aim three:
15 16

to educate
Not just occupants, but the public as well.

The proposal aims to provide open and public education

to those in need in order to enact change and create
opportunities to integrate them into society. Education
should extend to the public to provide an open resource
and to take down social barriers. The spaces created
should foster a healthy relationship between those who
can help and those who are in need.
Over the years, libraries have become a
“community social service hub”
“Every young person needs
The End Youth Homelessness is a national movement
that provides housing, education and support to the youth
the independence that an
in the UK. education and a job provides”
 CHAP T ER ONE: AIMS, ASPIRATIONS & AMBI T IONS

aim four:
17
4 5
18

to integrate
To fully integrate those in need to society; our goal is to
create opportunities for those in need to be a part of
day-to-day society.

Using the spaces created through this scheme, these

current aims guide the design in creating a passage for
those in need to become what they want to become.

Lambeth and Southwark Mind; a collective that provides

“free, innovative, long-term services that empower and
support everyone experiencing a mental health problem.”

“The Positive Pathway”

created by Birmingham
City Council “to help
people recover from
homelessness with
compassion and
practical support”.
 CHAP T ER ONE: AIMS, ASPIRATIONS & AMBI T IONS

aim five:
19 20

to give back
The scheme aims to provide open public green space to The High Line in New York provides a viewing platform
help the integration of those in need. ‘Giving back’ to the for the public thoroughfare.
public allows for connections through human interaction
on these public spaces as well as creating much needed
greenery in the urban context.

ST JAMES SQUARE, MELBOURNE THE HIGH LINE, NEW YORK

St James Square in Melbourne is created from the

“leftover” space between dense urban developments.
 CHAP TER ONE: OVERVIEW

overview
21 22

aims: programme
residential

shelter

assisted living
education

rehabilitate semi-assisted
living culinary
self-sustained
living creates a ‘passage’ for those in need
personal
admin
to go from homelessness to being integrated into society
educate
workshops
resource
centre

integrate courtyards
fitness
centre

community
give back
private semi-public public

“Homelessness is a profound
assault on dignity, social inclusion
and the right to life.”
chapter two.
23

& “stances”

maslow’s theory.
25
the human condition;
Abraham Maslow’s proposed theory of the hierarchy of
human needs outlines five key principles that lead to the
well-being of humans.
1 Physiological
The most essential human need to sustain life itself;
the ‘effort to meet the body’s need for homeostasis’.
The scheme’s design should primarily be a place to
sustain life through human essentials such as food
and water.
2 Safety
The design approach should also prioritise the safety
and well-being of those in need. Whether, its’
personal safety, achieved through a safe
environment, or economical safety, the scheme
should be able to create opportunities for those in
need.
3 Belonging
Maslow explains that humans need the ‘feeling of
being loved and accepted’. This includes platonic and
non-platonic relationships that harbour a sense of
being connected within the social context of your life.
We can create a sense of belonging through social
services provided in order to rehabilitate those in
need.
CHAP T ER T WO: MASLOW’S T HEORY
26
Emmanuel House in Nottingham;
using Maslow’s theory to “understand how
we can move out of crisis
4 Esteem
Self-esteem and confidence create healthy
relationships. The ‘desire to feel good about
ourselves’ can be achieved through activities that
reduce social isolation and build confidence. The desire to become the most that one can be.
scheme aims to provide opportunities for hobbies
that offer social connection.
5 fulfilment
Self-Actualisation
‘We are made for a purpose-driven life’. Every
person has the potential to reach their highest; respect, self-esteem, status, recognition,
giving meaning to any person. The scheme aims to
esteem strength, freedom
provide an inclusive and positive environment that
helps push the uniqueness and value of each
person.
friendships, intimacy, family, sense of
“higher needs in the hierarchy belonging connection
begin to emerge when people
feel they have sufficiently
satisfied the previous need”
safety
personal security, employment,
resources, health, property
air, water, food, shelter,
physiological sleep, clothing,
reproduction
 CHAP T ER T WO: SUBVERTING NIMBYISM

subverting ‘NIMBY’-ism
27 28
5

‘not in my backyard’;
What is NIMBY-ism? “Yimby groups take aim at
space-hogging, single-family
NIMBY is an acronym for “Not in my backyard”. “In the homeowners and confound
housing world it’s used to describe people, typically anti-capitalist groups by daring
existing residents (especially homeowners), who oppose to take the side of luxury condo
new housing development near their homes—particularly developers”
denser or more affordable housing.”

YIMBY (Yes, in my backyard)

rally in San-Francisco
“NIMBYism is often driven, more
or less openly, by racism and
classism”

The opposition of affordable housing is driven by the

presumption of those who will occupy these types of
supportive or transitional housing. Many argue that
developing these types of housing will increase crime,
litter, thefts, violence and decrease property prices.
Although the benefits of affordable housing usually
outweigh these concerns, many of these residential
developments are postponed or delayed due to
NIMBY-ism and fiscal issues.

A proposed solution to NIMBY-ism is creating a forum for

proposition and opposition to speak about their concerns.
This may raise awareness to the fact that housing to
solve homelessness needs to be developed throughout a
community rather than in an isolated area.

NIMBY PROTEST
 CHAP T ER T WO: METABOLISM

metabolism.
29 30
5

the living organism;

“Metabolism is architecture that
parallels “the ability of living
organisms to keep growing,
reproducing, and transforming in
response to their environments”
“Metabolism became an
The design approach for this scheme could follow the extended biological analogy
philosophy of Metabolism and its values; a philosophy meant to replace the mechanical
that draws parallels with a city to a living organism. This
approach allows for the inclusivity of all participants of analogy of orthodox modern
the city regardless of social or cultural status. Using architecture”
metabolism as an architectural guide, the scheme aims
to provide an ‘organism-like’ environment that exempli- KISHO KUROKAWA
fies the ideals of adaptability and interchangeability. The
spaces created should aim to enable users to experience
freedom.

KISHO KUROKAWA’S NAKAGIN CAPSULE TOWER

 CHAP T ER T WO: INCLUSIVE DESIGN

inclusive design
31 32
5

methodology;
Museum of Contemporary Art Kiasma by Steven Holl;
A design that prioritises user interface

The design approach of this scheme should apply the

methodology of inclusive design where it addresses;
accessibility, age, culture, socioeconomics, education,
gender, geographic location, language or race. It is
important to create user diversity within the architectural
approach to include all variations in capabilities, needs
and aspirations.

“Inclusive design describes methodologies ... that understand and

enable people of all backgrounds and abilities.”

“The design of mainstream

products and/or services that
are accessible to, and usable by,
as many people as reasonably
possible ... without the need for
special adaptation or specialised
design.”
chapter three.
33
 CHAP T ER THREE: SANDS END

sands end art & community centre

35 36

by Mæ Architects
COMPLETED: 2020
INTERNAL AREA: 662 m²
ADDRESS: South Park, Fulham, London SW6 3EB, United Kingdom

“A meeting place, a hub of activity across languages,

cultures and economic background, a venue for
creative expression, a flexible space which encourages
the community to be flexible in its use.”

flexibility and diversity

 CHAP T ER THREE: SANDS END

37 38

GROUND FLOOR PLAN SECTION

The Sands End Arts & Community Centre by Mae

Architects is a good example of using architecture to
contribute to the community regardless of
socioeconomical backgrounds. The buildings’ function is
determined by the community as it provides flexible and
access to cultural activities.

“The centre provides large and airy

spaces for art exhibitions, dance
classes and community events
alongside an ancillary café.”
 CHAP T ER THREE: MOUN T PLEASAN T

mount pleasant
39 40

by Peter Barber Architects

COMPLETED: 2014
INTERNAL AREA: 1,350 m²
ADDRESS: Mount Pleasant, Holbourn, Camden, London, WC1, United Kingdom

“This building thoughtfully addresses the complexity of

its immediate context.... there is a sense of peace and
calm, but also of freedom to move unhindered
between spaces...”

contextual relationship
 CHAP T ER THREE: MOUN T PLEASAN T

41 42

GROUND FLOOR PLAN UPPER GROUND FLOOR PLAN SECTION

“Mount Pleasant Studios is a hostel for the homeless

delivered for Camden’s Community Investment
Programme”, an example of assisted-living in an urban
environment. This scheme is relevant to my proposal due
to its typological nature and focus on a central courtyard
that brings social connection.

“The social heart of the building is

the courtyard”
 CHAP T ER THREE: SEIJO TOWNHOUSES

seijo townhouses
43 44

by Kazuyo Sejima & Associates

COMPLETED: 2007
INTERNAL AREA: ~1,700 m²
ADDRESS: 5 Chome-25-19 Seijo, Setagaya City, Tokyo 157-0066, Japan

For Sejima, rather than “definite confines”, boundaries

are “possible concessions”

quality of light + intimacy

 CHAP T ER THREE: SEIJO TOWNHOUSES

45 46

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

The Seijo Townhouses in Osaka reflect “a spatial SECTION

structure where the dwellings are related blurring the
boundaries” between apartments with the use of
courtyards and interior gardens. This ‘blurring of
boundaries’ give the space a quality of light and intimacy
required for a rehabilitative space. The opportunities
given to connect and react become crucial in giving
occupants a sense of belonging.

“the intermediate spaces

between ... creates a sense of
privacy and belonging”
 CHAP T ER THREE: CI TÉ DE REFUGE

la Cité de Refuge
47 48

by Le Corbusier
COMPLETED: 1933
INTERNAL AREA: ~930 m²
ADDRESS: 12 Rue Cantagrel, 75013 Paris, France

“La Cité de Refuge in Paris was Le Corbusier’s first

opportunity to create accommodation for the urban poor”

organisation of spaces
 CHAP T ER THREE: CI TÉ DE REFUGE

49 50

“This ambitious project was based on the social ideals of

the Salvation Army”. Similar to my proposal, Cite de
Refuge was built to accommodate people in need of
housing and social reintegration; Corbusier’s use of
residential units and community spaces creates a
“hermetically sealed” human habitat.
 CHAP T ER THREE: MAGGIE’S WEST LONDON

maggie’s centre hammersmith,

51 52

by Rogers Stirk Harbour + Partners

COMPLETED: 2008
INTERNAL AREA: 370 m²
west london
ADDRESS: Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, United Kingdom

“The Centre can be many things to many people:

open house, rest stop, learning centre, thinking
space or social hub. This flexibility of use is the
result of careful consideration and a balance of
overlapping spaces and programmes.”

nurturing + protecting
 CHAP T ER THREE: MAGGIE’S WEST LONDON

53 “Maggie’s Centres offer support for people affected by 54

cancer at any stage”, however, they are often used as an
example for architecture that nurtures and protects the
users. A key theme used in the conception of this building
is the idea of visual and emotion transitions; creating a
passage from an urban surrounding to a safe natural
space. The notion of ‘filtering pollution’ through the use of
architecture is key to creating a rehabilitative space.
“It is both flexible
and adaptable. It
can be
transparent or
opaque, noisy or
quiet, light or dark”

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

“RSHP hope to
create something
that is more
homely – more
welcoming, more
comfortable, more
thought-provoking
and more
uplifting.”
chapter four.
55
 CHAP T ER FOUR: COMPACT HOUSING

compact housing
57 58

The Love2 House by Takeshi Hosaka is a good example of

compact housing that exemplifies an efficient use of
space as well as a homely environment. For residential
spaces, having enough space is important but creating
housing that allows users to live through ordinary tasks
through a routine that is guided by its design is key to Creating a homely
helping those in need to getting used to self-sustained
living. Japanese compact housing, for example, creates a environment that
routine when you cook, clean or sleep. borders minimalism
and compactness;
giving users a sense of
Change in levels establishing a different use of space.
place.

HOUSE IN SHUKUGAWA, JAPAN TINY HOUSE, KOBE, JAPAN LOVE2 HOUSE, TOKYO, JAPAN
FUJIWARAMURO ARCHITECTS FUJIWARAMURO ARCHITECTS TAKESHI HOSAKA
 CHAP T ER FOUR: CON T EMPLATIVE SPACES

contemplative spaces
59 60

Ando’s Azuma House in Sumiyoshi, Osaka, exemplifies

the use of a private courtyard that allows the users to
contemplate and meditate. Crossing the thresholds of
indoor and outdoor creates a sense of movement within
the design. Similarly, the Storey’s Field Centre in
Cambridge, UK, creates a safe courtyard for play and/or
contemplation.

ROW HOUSE IN SUMIYOSHI, OSAKA, JAPAN

TADAO ANDO

Contemplative
spaces are
important in the
STOREY’S FIELD CENTRE, CAMBRIDGE, UK
rehabilitation of
MUMA LLP those in need.
 CHAP T ER FOUR: ST RUCTURAL DESIGN

structural design
61 62

“The prefabricated,
The Kingston Townhouse by Grafton architects is a good hybrid concrete
example of using structural elements to create frame contributes to
meaningful space. Using an “open ended spatial
framework”, the colonnades and structural elements are the architectural
used to create civic interest that intertwines the building aesthetic and the
with the public realm.
passive-energy
performance”

STRUCTURAL AXO

“All components
and systems are
designed for
sustainability, with
a focus on
enabling future
repair,
disassembly and
KINGSTON TOWNHOUSE, UK
re-use.” DETAIL SECTION WITH ELEVATION GRAF TON ARCHITECTS
 CHAP T ER FOUR: MAT ERIALI T Y

materiality
63 64

relating to local vernacular

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
brick screens
timber cladding London stock brick
concrete frame glulam timber cladding

“Concrete frame structures are a
very common and reinforced
concrete construction is used to
build a huge variety of structures”
- Energy efficient
- Inexpensive
- Fire resistant
- Readily available
“Glued laminated timber is a
versatile engineered wood that is
frequently specified for its
strength, beauty and reliability”
- Lightweight structure
- Lesser carbon footprint
- Flexibility and versatility
- Shorter installation time
“Timber cladding provides a highly
attractive and durable external
finish which is renewable,
reusable, biodegradable and
contains minimal embodied
energy.”
- Heat and sound insulating
- Maintain solar gains
- Durable and sustainable
- Versatility

IROKO HOUSING SOUTHWARK BRICK HOUSE

HAWORTH TOMPKINS SATISH JASSAL ARCHITECTS
 CHAP T ER FOUR: MAT ERIALI T Y

environmental strategy
65 66

The Bankside Yards sustainability development by

SWECO is a good example of creating an environmentally reducing reducing
friendly estate; focusing on 6 sustainability goals, the
scheme aims to reconnect the public and new develop-
operational carbon: embodied carbon:
ments.

1. Net-zero carbon in operation 1. Ventilation 1. Building for the future 2. Building low carbon 3. Build light / less
Mixed-used regeneration achieving ‘Outstanding’ a. choose high efficiency components for a. considering structural grid a. using low carbon materials a. using lighter materials
BREEAM status mechanical ventilation for future use b. using natural and reducing dead loads
b. using double skin façade for ventilation b. explore material longevity renewable materials b. using existing materials
2. 100% electric consumption cavity without use of coatings c. exploring design for near site
Using renewable sources c. using natural ventilation throughout to c. mechanical fixings instead manufacture and assembly c. efficiency in use of
maintain solar gains of adhesive (DMA) space
3. Heat sharing
Using heat sharing between buildings for efficiency 2. Cooling/Heating
a. using balanced and efficient heat pumps
4. Optimised facades and efficient systems that can;
Sustainable systems to reduce carbon emissions and b. join a heat sharing network AIMING FOR LOCAL SUSTAINBILI T Y GOALS “UK’s first major
embodied carbon c. maximised daylighting in consideration fossil-fuel-free project in
with solar shading
5. Air source heat pumps Southbank”
Heating and cooling energy balance; natural ventilation 3. Energy consumption
a. using renewable energies
6. Future proofed b. localising energy generation reducing
Built for future connections / adaptability or for disas- demand on national grid
sembly and re-use c. installing renewable generation methods
such as solar voltaic panels

“At Bankside Yards we are using

energy-efficient technology on an
unprecedented scale, aiming to
set a new benchmark for
sustainability in large, mixed-use
regeneration schemes.”
bilbiography
67 68

CHAPTER ONE CHAPTER THREE

1. https://england.shelter.org.uk/media/press_release/at_least_271000_people_are_homeless_in_england_today 1. https://www.archdaily.com/956985/sands-end-arts-and-community-centre-mae-architects
2. https://southwarknews.co.uk/news/rough-sleeping-rising-in-southwark/ 2. https://www.mae.co.uk/projects/sands-end
3. https://www.haworthtompkins.com/work/coin-street-neighbourhood-centre 3. https://www.architecture.com/awards-and-competitions-land-
4. https://www.outsideonline.com/health/running/running-club-helps-fight-homelessness/ ing-page/awards/riba-regional-awards/riba-london-award-winners/2022/sands-end-arts-and-community-centre
5. https://www.barrierisman.com/blog/living-in-liminality 4. http://www.peterbarberarchitects.com/mount-pleasant
6. https://moderngov.southwark.gov.uk/documents/s77438/Appen- 5. https://brickarchitecture.com/projects/mount-pleasant-peter-barber-architects
dix%201%20Southwark%20Homelessness%20Strategy%202018.pdf 6. https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/buildings/more-pleasant-mount-pleasant-studio-by-peter-barber
7. https://homeless.org.uk/news/a-summary-of-the-governments-new-rough-sleeping-strategy/ 7. https://arquitecturaviva.com/works/apartamentos-seijo-9#
8. https://www.nursingtimes.net/news/community-news/london-nurs- 8. https://www.theplan.it/eng/magazine/2008/the-plan-027-06-2008/seijo-town-houses
es-providing-same-day-health-checks-for-homeless-10-10-2018/ 9. https://zhouhang0924.files.wordpress.com/2015/03/la-cite-de-refuge-a-paris-07.jpg
9. https://www.southbanklocalnews.com.au/professional-beg- 10. https://www.arkitok.com/architects/le-corbusier/projects/armee-du-salut-cite-de-refuge
gars-target-the-city-but-police-focus-on-those-genuinely-experiencing-homelessness/ 11. https://www.chatillonarchitectes.com/en/portfolio/cite-de-refuge/
10. https://birminghamcc.promotingpeople.co.uk/housing-campaign/ 12. https://rshp.com/projects/health-and-science/maggies-west-london-centre/
11. https://www.lambethandsouthwarkmind.org.uk/ 13. https://www.ajbuildingslibrary.co.uk/projects/dis-
12. https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/article/evolution-of-public-spaces-in-contemporary-urban-life/ play/id/667https://www.maggies.org/media/filer_public/02/14/0214d235-f7d6-40c0-8b8a-72f88915cf0c/maggieswestlondo
n_designguide.pdf
CHAPTER TWO
1. https://www.thoughtco.com/maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-4582571 CHAPTER FOUR
2. https://www.emmanuelhouse.org.uk/maslows-hierar- 1. https://www.dezeen.com/2019/06/03/love2-house-takeshi-hosaka-micro-home-tokyo/
chy-of-needs/#:~:text=In%201943%2C%20psychologist%20Abraham%20Maslow,to%20meet%2C%20just%20to%20survive. 2. https://www.dezeen.com/2017/06/19/tiny-house-kobe-japan-fujiwaramuro-architects-skylights/
3. https://shelterforce.org/2021/11/17/what-is-nimbyism-and-how-do-affordable-housing-developers-respond-to-it/ 3. https://www.archdaily.com/962437/house-in-shukugawa-fujiwaramuro-architects
4. https://www.homelesshub.ca/solutions/affordable-housing/nimby-not-my-backyard 4. https://archello.com/thumbs/images/2020/02/05/drawing2.1580919215.0563.jpg?fm=jpg
5. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jul/04/nimbys-nature-destruction-wildlife-developers 5. https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2020/01/-
6. https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/oct/02/rise-of-the-yimbys-angry-millennials-radical-housing-solution town-house-grafton-architects-architecture-education-kingston-university-uk-_dezeen_2364_col_4.jpg
7. https://www.mori.art.museum/english/contents/metabolism/about/ 6. https://images.adsttc.com/media/imag-
8. Kurokawa, K., 1977. Metabolism in architecture. London: Studio Vista. es/5e39/b11d/3312/fdf1/0400/018b/large_jpg/Town_House__Kingston_University_-__Colonnade.jpg?1580839178
9. https://parametric-architecture.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Nakagin-Capsule-Tower-5-1-1499x999.jpg 7. https://banagherprecast.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/kingston.jpg
10. https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-housing/homelessness-and-human-rights 8. https://www.russwood.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/rw07-edited.jpg
11. https://www.nngroup.com/articles/inclusive-design/#:~:text=s- 9. https://www.haworthtompkins.com/work/iroko-housing
ense%20of%20belonging.-,Inclusive%20design%20describes%20methodologies%20to%20create%20products%20that%20und 10. https://www.countymaterials.com/en/news/item/the-benefits-of-structural-concrete-framing#gsc.tab=0
erstand%20and,location%2C%20language%2C%20and%20race. 11. https://architizer.com/blog/product-guides/product-guide/glulam/
12. https://www.inclusivedesigntoolkit.com/whatis/whatis.html 12. https://www.russwood.co.uk/cladding/
13. https://unsplash.com/photos/k87dHceae1w 13. https://www.timbercladdingsolutions.co.uk/9-benefits-and-advantages-of-using-timber-cladding/
14. https://www.sweco.co.uk/insights/news/bankside-yards/
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A CENTRE FOR HOMELESSNESS REHABILITATION KA CHAO + 20228209 + THESIS PROJECT

LIMINAL LIVING
creates a ‘passage’ for those in need

/
UNI T 1B
to go from homelessness to being integrated into society

/
KA CHAO
MOUN T PLEASAN T / PETER BARBER