Answer Key 1293

8.34. ⓐ 6m n 5mn
4 5
| | 8.35. ⓐ −4 ⓑ no real number 8.36. ⓐ −53 5 ⓑ no real
4
ⓑ 3
2x 2 y 9y 2 ⓒ 2|xy| 5x 3
number

8.37. ⓐ 5 + 5 3 ⓑ 8.38. ⓐ 2 + 7 2 ⓑ 5 3 2
2− 3 2− 5 8.39. ⓐ 4 ⓑ 5 ⓒ 3
7 2 1 8.41. ⓐ |a| ⓑ ⓒ 8.42. ⓐ x 2 ⓑ ⓒ
8.40. ⓐ 9 ⓑ 5 ⓒ 3 | x| y3 m2 n2
2| p| 6p 2x 2 3x 4|m| 5m 3c 3 4c
3
8.45. ⓐ ⓑ
| |
8.43. 8.44.
7 5 n3 d2
4
ⓒ 2x 2 5x 2
|y|
3 3 2|m| 3 3
3u 3 6u 5|y| x 2xy y 2
8.46. ⓐ ⓑ 2r 5
8.47. ⓐ ⓑ 8.48. ⓐ 5 n 3 ⓑ 3xy x 2
v4 s2 6 3 | | 5

| |
4 4 4
ⓒ
3 m 3 2m 2 ⓒ |ab| a
ⓒ 2|ab| a2
2
|n | 3 3

8.49. ⓐ 7z 2 ⓑ −5 2
3
8.50. ⓐ 8m 4 ⓑ −4 ⓒ 3|n| 2
4 8.51. ⓐ t ⓑ 3
m ⓒ 4
r
ⓒ 4
3|m| 2m 2
1 1 1
8.52. ⓐ 6 b ⓑ ⓒ 1
8.53. ⓐ (10m) 2 ⓑ 8.54. ⓐ (3k) 7 ⓑ
5 4
z p
(3n) 5 (5 j) 4
1 1
ⓒ 3(6y) 4 ⓒ 8(2a) 3
8.55. ⓐ 6 ⓑ 2 ⓒ 2 8.56. ⓐ 10 ⓑ 3 ⓒ 3 8.57. ⓐ No real solution ⓑ −8

ⓒ 1
8
5 5
8.58. ⓐ No real solution ⓑ −4 5 3 8.60. ⓐ a 5
2
ⓑ
8.59. ⓐ x 2 ⓑ ⓒ ⎛2m ⎞
2
⎛
3y ⎞ 4 (5ab) 3
ⓒ 1 ⎝ ⎠
⎝ 3n ⎠ 3
4
ⓒ ⎛7xy ⎞
2
⎝ z ⎠
1 1 1 1 −1
8.61. ⓐ 9 ⓑ 729 ⓒ 8 8.62. ⓐ 8 ⓑ 9 ⓒ 125 8.63. ⓐ −64 ⓑ 64 ⓒ not a
real number
8.64. ⓐ −729 ⓑ − 1 ⓒ not a 8.65. ⓐ x
3
2 ⓑ x 8 ⓒ 1
8.66. ⓐ y 8
11
ⓑ m2 ⓒ 1
729 x d
real number
1 1 1 3 2 5n
8.67. ⓐ 8x 5 ⓑ 8.68. ⓐ 729n 5 ⓑ
x2 y3 a2 b 3 8.69. ⓐ m 2 ⓑ 1
m4
1 1
8.70. ⓐ u 3 ⓑ 8.71. ⓐ − 2 ⓑ 113 x 8.72. ⓐ −4 3 ⓑ 83 y
3x 5 y 3
ⓒ 34 x − 54 y ⓒ 54 m − 23 m
8.73. ⓐ −2 7x ⓑ 8.74. ⓐ − 3y ⓑ 8.75. ⓐ 9 2 ⓑ ⓒ
4 3 3 3
− 5xy 3 7mn 2 2 3
8.76. ⓐ 7 3 ⓑ −10 5
3 ⓒ −3 2
3
8.77. ⓐ −m 3 2m ⓑ x 23
5x 8.78. ⓐ −p 3p
3
ⓑ 3
4y 4y 2 − 2n 4n 2
8.79. ⓐ 12 15 ⓑ 8.80. ⓐ 27 2 ⓑ 8.81. ⓐ 36x 3 5 ⓑ
3 3 4
−18 2 −36 2 8y 3y 2
8.82. ⓐ 144y 2 5y ⓑ −36 3a
4 8.83. ⓐ 18 + 6 ⓑ 3
−2 4 − 2 3
3 8.84. ⓐ −40 + 4 2 ⓑ −3 − 18
3
1294 Answer Key

8.85. ⓐ −66 + 15 7 8.86. ⓐ 41 − 14 11 8.87. 1 + 9 21

ⓑ 3
x 2 − 53 x + 6 ⓑ 3
x 2 + 43 x + 3
8.88. −12 − 20 3 8.89. ⓐ 102 + 20 2 ⓑ 55 + 6 6 8.90. ⓐ 41 − 12 5

ⓑ 121 − 36 10
8.91. −11 8.92. −159 5s
8.93. ⓐ 8 ⓑ a
2

5q 2 2 9x 2 −3p
8.94. ⓐ ⓑ −4x 3
b 8.95. ⓐ ⓑ y 8.96. ⓐ 10n ⓑ
6 y2 m q2
8.97. 4xy 2x 8.98. 4ab 3b
8.99. ⓐ
5 3 ⓑ 6 ⓒ 2x
3 8 x
6 5 14 3 3 3 3
8.100. ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ 5x 3 3
5 6 x 8.101. ⓐ 49 ⓑ 90 ⓒ 5 3y 2 8.102. ⓐ 4 ⓑ 150 ⓒ 2 5n 2
7 6 3y 2 10 5n
4 4 4 4 4 3⎛⎝1 + 5⎞⎠
8.103. ⓐ 27 ⓑ 12 ⓒ 3 5x 3 8.104. ⓐ 125 ⓑ 224 8.105. −
3 4 5x 5 8 4
4
ⓒ 64x 3
x
4+ 6 5⎛⎝ x − 2⎞⎠ 10⎛⎝ y + 3⎞⎠
8.106. 8.107. 8.108.
5 x−2 y−3
⎛ 2 2 23
⎝ p + 2⎞⎠ ⎛
⎝ q − 10⎞⎠ 8.111. m = 3
8.109. 8.110.
p−2 q − 10

8.112. z= 3 8.113. no solution 8.114. no solution

10
8.115. x = 2, x = 3 8.116. y = 5, y = 6 8.117. x = −6
8.118. x = −9 8.119. x = 8 8.120. x = 6
8.121. m=7 8.122. n = 3 8.123. a = 63
8.124. b = 311 8.125. x = 3 6
8.126. x = − 5
8.127. x = 4 8.128. x = 9 8.129. x = 5
8.130. x = 0 x = 4 8.131. 9 seconds 8.132. 3.5 seconds
8.133. 42.7 feet 8.134. 54.1 feet 8.135. ⓐ f (6) = 4 ⓑ no value at
x=0
8.136. ⓐ g(4) = 5 ⓑ no value at 8.137. ⓐ g(4) = 2 ⓑ g(1) = −1 8.138. ⓐ h(2) = 2
f (−3) ⓑ h(−5) = −3
⎡5 ⎞
8.139. ⓐ f (4) = 2 ⓑ f (−1) = 1 8.140. ⓐ g(16) = 3 ⓑ g(3) = 2 8.141. ⎣ 6 , ∞⎠
⎛ 4⎤ 8.143. (−3, ∞) 8.144. (5, ∞)
8.142. ⎝−∞, 5 ⎦

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Answer Key 1295

8.145. (−∞, ∞) 8.146. (−∞, ∞) 8.147. ⓐ domain: [−2, ∞)

ⓒ range: [0, ∞)
8.148. ⓐ domain: [2, ∞) 8.149. ⓐ domain: ( − ∞, ∞) 8.150. ⓐ domain: ( − ∞, ∞)
ⓑ ⓑ ⓑ

ⓒ range: [0, ∞)
ⓒ range: ( − ∞, ∞)

ⓒ range: ( − ∞, ∞)
8.151. ⓐ 9i ⓑ 5i ⓒ 3 2i 8.152. ⓐ 6i ⓑ 3i ⓒ 3 3i 8.153. 6 2i

8.154. 7 3i 8.155. ⓐ 6 + 5i ⓑ 6 − 3i 8.156. ⓐ −2 − 6i ⓑ 2 + 9i

8.157. 12 + 20i 8.158. 12 + 6i 8.159. −11 − 7i
8.160. −5 − 10i 8.161. −21 − 20i 8.162. 9 − 40i
8.163. −14 8.164. −54 8.165. −12 − 22 3i
8.166. 6 + 12 2i 8.167. 25 8.168. 29
8.169. 109 8.170. 41 8.171. i
8.172. i 4 16 2 4
8.173. 17 + 17 i 8.174. 5 + 5 i
3 3 4 2 8.177. −i
8.175. 2 − 2 i 8.176. 5 − 5 i
8.178. 1

Section Exercises
1. ⓐ 8 ⓑ −9 3. ⓐ 14 ⓑ −1 2
5. ⓐ 3 ⓑ −0.1

7. ⓐ not real number ⓑ −17 9. ⓐ −15 ⓑ not real number 11. ⓐ 6 ⓑ 4

13. ⓐ 8 ⓑ 3 ⓒ 1 15. ⓐ −2 ⓑ not real ⓒ −2 17. ⓐ −5 ⓑ not real ⓒ −4
19. ⓐ 8 < 70 < 9 21. ⓐ 14 < 200 < 15 23. ⓐ 4.36 ⓑ ≈ 4.46

ⓑ 3
4 < 71 < 5 ⓑ 3
5 < 137 < 6 ⓒ ≈ 3.14
25. ⓐ 7.28 ⓑ ≈ 5.28 27. ⓐ u ⓑ |v| 29. ⓐ |y| ⓑ m
ⓒ ≈ 4.61
1296 Answer Key

31. ⓐ x
3
| |ⓑy 8
33. ⓐ x 12 |y | ⓑ 11
35. ⓐ x 3 ⓑ |y |
3

37. ⓐ m 2 ⓑ 39. ⓐ 7|x| ⓑ −9|x | 41. ⓐ 11m 10 ⓑ

9
n4 −8|a|

43. ⓐ 2x 2 ⓑ 2y 2 45. ⓐ 6a 2 ⓑ 2b 4 47. ⓐ 12|xy| ⓑ 13w 4 y 5 | |

ⓒ 2a 17 2
b
49. ⓐ 11|ab| ⓑ 3c 4 d 6 51. Answers will vary. 53. Answers will vary.

ⓒ 4x 5 y 22
55. 3 3 57. 5 5 59. 7 3
61. 20 2 63. ⓐ 2 2 4 ⓑ 5
2 2 65. ⓐ 25 2 ⓑ 4 4
3

67. ⓐ y y
5
| | ⓑ 3
r r2 ⓒ 4
s2 s2 69. ⓐ n 10 n ⓑ q2 q2
3
71. ⓐ 5r 6 5r ⓑ 3
3x 4x 2
ⓒ 8
|n| n 2 ⓒ 4
2|y| 3y 2

73. ⓐ 11 m
11
2m | | ⓑ 3m 2 5m 2
4
|
75. ⓐ 7 m n 3mn
3 5
| ⓑ 2x 2 y 2 6y
3
77. ⓐ 8 qr 3qr
3
| | ⓑ 3m 3 n 3 2n
3

ⓒ 5
2n 5n 3 ⓒ 4
2|xy| 2x ⓒ 3a 2 b 2 4 a
79. ⓐ −63 4 ⓑ not real 81. ⓐ −2 ⓑ not real 83. ⓐ 5 + 2 3 ⓑ 5− 6
85. ⓐ 1 + 3 3 ⓑ 23 ⓒ 13 5 3 ⓒ 14
5 ⓑ 1 + 10 87. ⓐ 4 89. ⓐ 3 ⓑ 5
91. ⓐ x 2 ⓑ p3 ⓒ |q| 93. ⓐ y 2
1
ⓑ u2 ⓒ |v |3
95. | |4 x 3 6x
11

101. | |
2 2 3
97. 5m 3m 99. 7r 2r 2q 7
4 10 15

103. ⓐ
5r 4 3r
s4
ⓑ 3a 2 2a 2
3
105. ⓐ | |
2 p 3 7p
ⓑ 3s 2 3s 2
3
107. ⓐ
4|xy|
3
ⓑ y2 3 x
2
4
ⓒ |ab| a
2
|b| |q| t

| |
4 4
ⓒ 2|c| 4c 2 p 3 4p 3
|d| ⓒ
|q | 3

109. ⓐ 2| pq|
1
ⓑ 2cd d 2
5
3
111. ⓐ
3p 4 p
|q|
ⓑ 2 2
4 113. ⓐ 5 m
3
| |ⓑ55 3

|mn| ⓒ 4
3|y| 3y 2
ⓒ 2
ⓒ 5
2x 2x
115. Answers will vary. 117. Answers will vary. 119. ⓐ x ⓑ 3
y ⓒ 4
z
121. ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ 1 1 1 1 1
123. ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ 125. ⓐ (7c) ⓑ
5 9 20
u v w 5 4
(12d) 7
x7 y9 f
1
ⓒ 2(6b) 4
1 1
127. ⓐ ⎛⎝21p⎞⎠ 2 ⓑ 129. ⓐ 9 ⓑ 5 ⓒ 8 131. ⓐ 2 ⓑ 4 ⓒ 5
⎛
⎝ 8q⎞⎠ 4
1
ⓒ 4(36r) 6
1 1 1
133. ⓐ −6 ⓑ −6 ⓒ 6 135. ⓐ not real ⓑ −3 ⓒ 3 137. ⓐ not real ⓑ −6 ⓒ 6
1 3 7
139. ⓐ not real ⓑ −10 ⓒ 5
⎛4x ⎞
2
143. ⓐ u ⓑ ⓒ
7
⎛18a ⎞
10 5 5 4
141. ⓐ m ⓑ ⎞3 ⓒ 5 (6x) 3
⎝ 5b ⎠
2 ⎛

⎝5y ⎠
⎝3y⎠

1 1 −1
145. ⓐ 32,768 ⓑ 729 ⓒ9 147. ⓐ 4 ⓑ 9 ⓒ not real 149. ⓐ −27 ⓑ 27 ⓒ not real

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Answer Key 1297

7 5 1
151. ⓐ c 8 ⓑ ⓒ 155. ⓐ 81q ⓑ
1
153. ⓐ y 4 ⓑ ⓒ
p9 x8 1 2
r m a2 b
1 3 7 6s 2x
159. ⓐ r 2 ⓑ
1
157. ⓐ 8u 4 ⓑ 8p 2 q 4 t 161. ⓐ c 2 ⓑ 3y
163. Answers will vary. 165. ⓐ 3 2 ⓑ 73 m ⓒ 64 m 167. ⓐ 9 5 ⓑ 123 a ⓒ 64 2z
169. ⓐ 4 2a ⓑ0 171. ⓐ −2 3 ⓑ 4pq
3
173. ⓐ -2 3 ⓑ −23 5 ⓒ 34 2
175. ⓐ 7 3 ⓑ ⓒ 177. ⓐ a 2 2a ⓑ0 179. ⓐ 2c 3 5c ⓑ
3 4 4
7 2 3 5 14r 2 2r 2
181. 4y 2 183. ⓐ −18 6 ⓑ 3
−64 9 185. ⓐ −30 2 ) ⓑ 64 2

187. ⓐ 72z 2 3 ⓑ 189. ⓐ −42z 5 2z ⓑ 191. ⓐ 14 + 5 7 ⓑ

3 4 3 3
45x 2 2 −8y 6y 4 6+3 4
193. ⓐ 44 − 3 11 ⓑ 4
3 2 + 54
4 195. 60 + 2 3 197. ⓐ 30 + 18 2

ⓑ 3
x 2 − 23 x − 3
199. ⓐ −55 + 13 10 201. 23 + 3 30 203. −439 − 2 77

ⓑ 3
2 x 2 + 83 x + 6
205. ⓐ 14 + 6 5 ⓑ 79 − 20 3 207. ⓐ 87 − 18 6 209. 14

ⓑ 163 + 60 7
211. −227 213. 19 3
215. 9x 2 − 4
217. 5 3 219. 9 2 4
221. − 5
223. 10c 2 3 − 9c 3 3 225. 2 3 227. 17q
2

229. 3 7 3 233. 29
231. −42 9
235. 29 − 7 17 237. 54 − 36 2 3
239. 6 + 3 2
4 4
245. ⓐ 3 ⓑ
241. Answers will vary. 243. Answers will vary.
3
2 3 5 2x 6p
247. ⓐ 10m ⓑ 249. ⓐ ⓑ 2
7 y 6r 2 3 251. ⓐ ⓑ − 2a
q2 b
2 2 3
8m 4 − 2x 2 255. x 28y 257. 2ab 2a
253. ⓐ ⓑ
3n 4 3y
5 6 2 3 4 3p 3 3 3
259. ⓐ 3
ⓑ 9
ⓒ 2 5x
x 261. ⓐ
6 7 ⓑ 2 10 ⓒ p 263. ⓐ 25 ⓑ 45 ⓒ 2 6a 2
7 15 5 6 3a
3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
265. ⓐ 121 ⓑ 28 ⓒ 9x 267. ⓐ 343 ⓑ 40 ⓒ 2 4x 2 269. ⓐ 9 ⓑ 50 ⓒ 2 3a 2
11 6 x 7 4 x 3 4 a
⎛ ⎞
271. −2⎝1 + 5⎠
⎛ ⎞
273. 3⎝3 + 7⎠ 3⎝ m + 5⎞⎠
⎛
275.
m−5
2⎛⎝ x + 6⎞⎠ ⎛
r + 5⎞⎠
2 ⎛
x + 2 2⎞⎠
2
277. ⎝ 281. ⎝
x−6 279.
r−5 x−8
283. Answers will vary. 285. Answers will vary. 287. x = 14
289. no solution 291. x = −4 293. m = 14
295. v = 17 7 299. no solution
297. m = 2

301. u = 3, u = 4 303. r = 1, r = 2 305. x = 10

307. x = −8 309. x=8 311. x = −4
313. x=7 315. x=3 317. z = 21
319. x = 42 321. r=3 323. u=3
325. r = −2 327. x=1 329. x = −8, x = 2
1298 Answer Key

331. a = 0 9 335. a = 4
333. u = 4
337. x = 0 x = 4 339. x = 1 x = 5 341. x = 9
343. 8.7 feet 345. 4.7 seconds 347. 72 feet
349. Answers will vary. 351. ⓐ f (5) = 4 ⓑ no value at 353. ⓐ g(4) = 5 ⓑ g(8) = 7
x=0
355. ⓐ F(1) = 1 ⓑ F(−11) = 5 357. ⓐ G(5) = 2 6 ⓑ G(2) = 3 359. ⓐ g(6) = 2 ⓑ g(−2) = −2

361. ⓐ h(−2) = 0 ⓑ h(6) = 2 4 363. ⓐ f (0) = 0 ⓑ 365. ⓐ g(1) = 0 ⓑ

3 f (2) = 2 g(−3) = 2
⎡1 ⎞ ⎛ 2⎤ 371. (2, ∞)
367. ⎣ 3 , ∞⎠ 369. ⎝−∞, 3 ⎦

373. (−∞, −3] ∪ (2, ∞) 375. (−∞, ∞) 377. (−∞, ∞)

⎡ 3 ⎞ 381. (−∞, ∞)
379. ⎣− 8 , ∞⎠ 383. ⓐ domain: [−1, ∞)

ⓒ [0, ∞)
385. ⓐ domain: [−4, ∞) 387. ⓐ domain: [0, ∞) 389. ⓐ domain: [0, ∞)

ⓑ ⓑ ⓑ

ⓒ [0, ∞) ⓒ [2, ∞) ⓒ [0, ∞)

391. ⓐ domain: (−∞, 3] 393. ⓐ domain: [0, ∞) 395. ⓐ domain: (−∞, ∞)

ⓑ ⓑ ⓑ

ⓒ [0, ∞) ⓒ (−∞, 0] ⓒ (−∞, ∞)

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Answer Key 1299

397. ⓐ domain: (−∞, ∞) 399. ⓐ domain: (−∞, ∞) 401. ⓐ domain: (−∞, ∞)

ⓑ ⓑ ⓑ

ⓒ (−∞, ∞) ⓒ (−∞, ∞) ⓒ (−∞, ∞)

403. ⓐ domain: (−∞, ∞) 405. Answers will vary. 407. Answers will vary.

ⓒ (−∞, ∞)
409. ⓐ 4i ⓑ 11i ⓒ 2 2i 411. ⓐ 10i ⓑ 13i ⓒ 3 5i 413. 9 3i

415. 8 2i 417. 8 + 7i 419. 14 + 2i

421. −2 + 2i 423. 8 + 5i 425. 7 − 13i
427. 25 − 2 2i 429. 12 + 20i 431. −12 + 18i
433. −38 + + 9i 435. 27 + 15i 437. −7 + 24i
439. −5 − 12i 441. 30i 443. −30
445. −44 + 4 3i 447. −20 − 2 2i 449. 5
451. 53 453. 50 455. 85
457. i 2 11 6 9
459. 25 + 25 i 461. 13 + 13 i
12 8 4 1 3 1
463. − 13 − 13 i 465. 3 − 3 i 467. − 4 + 2 i
469. i 471. −1 473. 1
475. i 477. Answers will vary. 479. Answers will vary.

Review Exercises
481. ⓐ 15 ⓑ −4 483. ⓐ 2 ⓑ 3 ⓒ 3 485. ⓐ 8 < 68 < 9

ⓑ 3
4 < 84 < 5
487. ⓐ a ⓑ |b| 489. ⓐ m 2 ⓑ n4 491. ⓐ 6a 2 ⓑ 2b 4
493. 5 5 495. ⓐ 53 5 ⓑ 26 2 497. ⓐ 4 s 5s
7
| | ⓑ 5
2a 3a 2
ⓒ 2|b|6 2b
499. ⓐ −2 ⓑ not real 6 2 1 10m 2 3m
501. ⓐ 7 ⓑ 3 ⓒ 2 503.
8
1300 Answer Key

5
1 507. ⓐ r ⓑ 3 ⓒ 4 509. ⓐ 5 ⓑ 3 ⓒ 2
505. ⓐ 2| pq| ⓑ 2cd 2d 2 s t
5
6
ⓒ |mn| 2
2
1 1
511. ⓐ −2 ⓑ 3 ⓒ −5 513. ⓐ 125 ⓑ 27 ⓒ 16 515. ⓐ 6 3 ⓑ b9 ⓒ 1
w
517. ⓐ 4 2 ⓑ 93 p ⓒ 23 x 519. ⓐ 7 3 ⓑ 7 2
3 ⓒ 4
3 5 521. 37y 3

523. ⓐ 126x 2 2 ⓑ 525. ⓐ 71 − 22 7 527. ⓐ 27 + 8 11 ⓑ

3
48a a 2 29 − 12 5
ⓑ 3
x 2 − 83 x + 15
3 2 3 3
8m 4 −x2 533. ⓐ ⓑ ⓒ
3
531. ⓐ ⓑ
529. 9x 2 − 4 121 28 9x
3n 4 2y 11 6 x
7⎛⎝2 + 6⎞⎠ ⎛
x + 2 2⎞⎠
2 539. no solution
535. − ⎝
2 537.
x−8
541. u = 3, u = 4 543. x = −4 545. r = 3
547. x = −8, x = 2 549. x = 3 551. 64.8 feet
553. ⓐ G(5) = 2 6 ⓑ G(2) = 3 555. ⓐ g(1) = 0 ⓑ g(−3) = 2 557. (2, ∞)
⎡7 ⎞
559. ⎣ 10 , ∞⎠ 561. ⓐ domain: [0, ∞) 563. ⓐ domain: (−∞, ∞)

ⓑ ⓑ

ⓒ range: [0, ∞) ⓒ range: (−∞, ∞)

565. 8 2i 567. 8 + 5i 569. 23 + 14i
571. −6 573. −5 − 12i 2 11
575. 25 + 25 i
577. 1

Practice Test
579. 5x 3 3 1
581. 2x 2 y 9x 2 y 583. ⓐ 4 ⓑ −343
7 587. −x 2 3x 589. 36x 4 2
585. x 4
⎛ ⎞
591. 2 − 7 3 7x 5 595. 3⎝2 − 3⎠
593.
3y 7
597. −12 + 8i 599. −i 601. x = 4

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Answer Key 1301

603. ⓐ domain: [−2, ∞)

ⓒ range: [0, ∞)

Chapter 9
Try It
9.1. x = 4 3, x = −4 3 9.2. y = 3 3, y = −3 3 9.3. x = 7, x = −7
9.4. m = 4, m = −4 9.5. c = 2 3i, c = −2 3i 9.6. c = 2 6i, c = −2 6i
9.7. x = 2 10, x = −2 10 9.8. y = 2 7, y = −2 7 9.9. r =
6 5, r = − 6 5
5 5
8 3 8 3 9.11. a = 3 + 3 2, a = 3 − 3 2 9.12.
9.10. t = 3 , t = − 3
b = −2 + 2 10, b = −2 − 2 10
1
9.13. x = +
5,x= 1− 5 9.14. 9.15. a = 5 + 2 5, a = 5 − 2 5
2 2 2 2
y = − 3 + 7, y = − 3 − 7
4 4 4 4
9.16. 9.17.
9.18. t = 4 +
10i , t = 4 − 10i
b = −3 + 4 2, b = −3 − 4 2 2 2
r = − 4 + 2 2i , r = − 4 − 2 2i
3 3 3 3
7 3 7 ⎛ 5⎞
2
9.19. m = 3 , m = −1 9.20. n = − 4 , n = − 4 9.21. ⓐ (a − 10) ⓑ
2
⎝b − 2 ⎠

⎛ 1⎞
2
ⓒ ⎝p +8⎠
⎛ 13 ⎞
2 9.23. x = −5, x = −1 9.24. y = 1, y = 9
9.22. ⓐ (b − 2) ⓑ
2
⎝n + 2 ⎠

⎛ 1⎞
2
ⓒ ⎝q − 3 ⎠
9.25. 9.26. 9.27. x = 8 + 4 3, x = 8 − 4 3
y = 5 + 15i, y = 5 − 15i z = −4 + 3i, z = −4 − 3i
9.28. 9.29. a = −7, a = 3 9.30. b = −10, b = 2
y = −4 + 3 3, y = −4 − 3 3
9.31. 7 37 , q = 7 − 37 9.33. c = −9, c = 3
9.32. q = +
2 2 2 2
p = 5 + 61 , p = 5 − 61
2 2 2 2
9.34. d = 11, d = −7 9.35. m = −7, m = −1 9.36. n = −2, n = 8
7 5 9.39.
9.37. r = − 3 , r = 3 9.38. t = − 2 , t = 2
x = − 3 + 41 , x = − 3 − 41
8 8 8 8
5 10 5 10 2 3
9.40. y = 3 + 3 , y = 3 − 3 9.41. y = 1, y = 3 9.42. z = 1, z = − 2
1302 Answer Key

9.43. a = −3, a = 5 9.44. b = −6, b = −4 9.45.

m = −6 + 15 , m = −6 − 15
3 3
9.46. 9.47. 9.48.
n = −2 + 2 6 , n = −2 − 2 6 a = 1 + 31 i, a = 1 − 31 i b = − 1 + 19 i, b = − 1 − 19 i
5 5 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5
9.49. x = −1 + 6, x = −1 − 6 9.50. y = 1 + 2, y = 1 − 2 2 + 7, c = 2 − 7
9.51. c =
3 3
9 + 33 , d = 9 − 33 9.53. r = −5 4
9.52. d = 9.54. t = 5
4 4
9.55. ⓐ 2 complex solutions; ⓑ 2 9.56. ⓐ 2 real solutions; ⓑ 2 9.57. ⓐ factoring; ⓑ Square Root

real solutions; ⓒ 1 real solution
9.58. ⓐ Quadratic Forumula;
ⓑ Factoring or Square Root
Property ⓒ Square Root
Property
9.61. x = 3, x = 1
9.64. x = 4, x = 16
4 2
9.67. x = 3 x = 2
9.70. The two consecutive even
integers whose product is 128 are
12, 14 and −12, −14.
9.73. The length of the garden is
approximately 18 feet and the
width 11 feet.
9.76. The distance between the
opposite corners is
approximately 7.2 feet.
9.79. The speed of the jet stream
was 100 mph.
9.82. The red hose take 6 hours
and the green hose take 3 hours
alone.
complex solutions; ⓒ 1 real
solution
9.59.
x = 2, x = − 2, x = 2, x = −2
9.62. y = −1, y = 1
9.65. x = −8, x = 343
3 9.69. The two consecutive odd
9.68. x = 5 , x = 4
9.71. The height of the triangle is
12 inches and the base is 76
inches.
9.74. The length of the tablecloth
is approximatel 11.8 feet and the
width 6.8 feet.
9.77. The arrow will reach 180
feet on its way up after 3 seconds
and again on its way down after
approximately 3.8 seconds.
9.80. The speed of the jet stream
was 50 mph.
9.83.
Property; ⓒ Quadratic Formula
9.60.
x = 7, x = − 7, x = 2, x = −2
9.63. x = 9, x = 16
9.66. x = 81, x = 625
integers whose product is 99 are
9, 11, and −9, −11
9.72. The height of the triangle is
11 feet and the base is 20 feet.
9.75. The length of the flag pole’s
shadow is approximately 6.3 feet
and the height of the flag pole is
18.9 feet.
9.78. The ball will reach 48 feet
on its way up after
approximately .6 second and
again on its way down after
approximately 5.4 seconds.
9.81. Press #1 would take 12
hours, and Press #2 would take 6
hours to do the job alone.
9.84.

9.85. ⓐ up; ⓑ down 9.86. ⓐ down; ⓑ up 9.87. ⓐ x = 2; ⓑ (2, −7)

⎛ ⎛
9.88. ⓐ x = 1; ⓑ ⎛
1, −5)
⎝
9.89. y-intercept: 0, −8)
⎝ 9.90. y-intercept: 0, −12)
⎝

⎛ ⎛ ⎛ ⎛
x-intercepts ⎝−4, 0), ⎝2, 0) x-intercepts ⎝−2, 0), ⎝6, 0)

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Answer Key 1303

⎛ ⎛
9.91. y-intercept: ⎝0, 4) no 9.92. y-intercept: ⎝0, −5) 9.93.
⎛ ⎛
x-intercept x-intercepts ⎝−1, 0), ⎝5, 0)

9.94. 9.95. 9.96.

9.97. 9.98. 9.99.

9.100. 9.101. The minimum value of the 9.102. The maximum value of the
quadratic function is −4 and it quadratic function is 5 and it
occurs when x = 4. occurs when x = 2.
1304 Answer Key

9.103. It will take 4 seconds for 9.104. It will 6.5 seconds for the 9.105.
the stone to reach its maximum rocket to reach its maximum ⓐ
height of 288 feet. height of 676 feet.

ⓑ The graph of g(x) = x 2 + 1 is

the same as the graph of
f (x) = x 2 but shifted up 1 unit.
The graph of h(x) = x 2 − 1 is the
same as the graph of f (x) = x 2
but shifted down 1 unit.
9.106. 9.107. 9.108.
ⓐ

ⓑ The graph of h(x) = x 2 + 6 is

the same as the graph of
f (x) = x 2 but shifted up 6 units.
The graph of h(x) = x 2 − 6 is the
same as the graph of f (x) = x 2
but shifted down 6 units.

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Answer Key 1305

9.109. 9.110. 9.111.

ⓐ ⓐ

ⓑ The graph of g(x) = (x + 2) 2 is

the same as the graph of
f (x) = x 2 but shifted left 2 units.
The graph of h(x) = (x − 2) 2 is
the same as the graph of
f (x) = x 2 but shift right 2
units.
9.112.
ⓑ The graph of g(x) = (x + 5) 2 is
the same as the graph of
f (x) = x 2 but shifted left 5 units.
The graph of h(x) = (x − 5) 2 is
the same as the graph of
f (x) = x 2 but shifted right 5
units.
9.113. 9.114.

9.115. 9.116. 2
9.117. f (x) = −4(x + 1) + 5

2 9.119. 9.120.
9.118. f (x) = 2(x − 2) − 5
1306 Answer Key

9.121. 9.122. 9.123.

ⓐ f (x) = 3(x − 1) 2 + 2
ⓑ

9.124. 2 2
9.125. f (x) = (x − 3) − 4 9.126. f (x) = (x + 3) − 1
ⓐ 2
f (x) = −2(x − 2) + 1
ⓑ

9.127. 9.128. 9.129.

ⓐ ⓐ ⓐ

ⓑ (−4, −2)

ⓑ (−1, 5)
ⓑ (−∞, 2] ∪ ⎡⎣6, ∞)

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Answer Key 1307

⎡ ⎤
9.130. 9.131. (−∞, −4] ∪ [2, ∞) 9.132. ⎣−3, 5⎦
ⓐ

ⓑ (−∞, 2] ∪ [8, ∞)
⎡ ⎤
9.133. ⎣−1 − 2, −1 + 2⎦ 9.134. 9.135. ⓐ (−∞, ∞)
⎛
⎝−∞, 4 − 2⎞⎠ ∪ ⎛⎝4 + 2, ∞⎞⎠
ⓑ no solution
9.136. ⓐ no solution

ⓑ (−∞, ∞)

Section Exercises
1. a = ± 7 3. r = ± 2 6 5. u = ± 10 3
7. m = ± 3 9. x = ± 6 11. x = ± 5i
13. x = ± 3 7i 15. x = ± 9 17. a = ± 2 5
4 7 4 10 23. u = 14, u = −2
19. p = ± 7 21. y = ±
5
25. m = 6 ± 2 5 1 3 2 2 2
27. r = ±
2 2 29. y = − 3 ± 9

31. a = 7 ± 5 2 33. x = −3 ± 2 2 1 3 3i
35. c = − ±
5 5
3 7 39. m = 2 ± 2 2 41. x = 3 + 2 3, x=3−2 3
37. x = 4 ± 2 i
3 9 7 11 47. r = ± 4
43. x = − 5 , x = 5 45. x = − 6 , x = 6

49. a = 4 ± 2 7 5 53. a = ± 3 2
51. w = 1, w = 3

1 7 57. m = ± 2 2i 59. u = 7 ± 6 2
55. p = 3 ± 3

61. m = 4 ± 2 3 63. x = −3, x = −7 5 6

65. c = ±
6
67. x = 6 ± 2i 69. Answers will vary. ⎛ 11 ⎞
2
71. ⓐ (m − 12) ⓑ
2
⎝x − 2 ⎠

⎛ 1⎞
2
ⓒ ⎝p − 6 ⎠
1308 Answer Key

⎛ 5⎞
2 75. u = −3, u = 1 77. x = −1, x = 21
73. ⓐ ⎝ p − 11⎠ ⓑ
⎛ ⎞2
⎝y + 2 ⎠

⎛ 1⎞
2
ⓒ ⎝m + 5 ⎠

79. m = −2 ± 2 10i 81. r = −3 ± 2i 83. a = 5 ± 2 5

5 33 87. u = 1, u = 13 89. r = −2, r = 6
85. x = − ±
2 2
9 89 93. x = 5 ± 30 95. x = −7, x = 3
91. v = ±
2 2
97. x = −5, x = −1 99. m = −11, m = 1 101. n = 1 ± 14
3 3 7 161
103. c = −2, c = 2 105. x = −5, x = 2 107. p = − ±
4 4
3 191 111. Answers will vary. 3
109. x = 10 ± 10 i 113. m = −1, m = 4

1 117. p = −4, p = −3 119. r = −3, r = 11

115. p = 2 , p = 3
−7 ± 73 3± 3 125. x = −4 ± 2 5
121. u = 123. a =
6 2
1 3 15 i 3 7
127. y = −2, y = 3 129. x = − ± 131. x = 8 ± 8 i
4 4
133. v = 2 ± 2 13 135. y = −4, y = 7 3
137. m = −1, m = 4

−2 ± 11 3 3
139. b = 141. c = − 4 143. q = − 5
6
145. ⓐ no real solutions ⓑ 1 147. ⓐ 1 ⓑ no real solutions 149. ⓐ factor ⓑ square root
ⓒ 2 ⓒ 2 ⓒ Quadratic Formula
151. ⓐ Quadratic Formula 153. Answers will vary. 155. x = ± 3, x = ± 2

ⓑ square root ⓒ factor

157. x = ± 15, x = ± 2i ± 6 161. x = ± 3, x = ± 2
2
159. x = ± 1, x =
2
163. x = −1, x = 12 5
165. x = − 3 , x = 0 167. x = 0, x = ± 3

11 171. x = 25 173. x = 4
169. x = ± 2 , x = ± 7
1 1 9 179. x = −1, x = −512
175. x = 4 177. x = 25 , x = 4

181. x = 8, x = −216 27 64 27
183. x = 8 , x = − 27 185. x = 512 , x = 125

187. x = 1, x = 49
193. Answers will vary.
199. Two consecutive odd
numbers whose product is 483
are 21 and 23, and −21 and −23.
205. The length of the driveway is
15.0 feet and the width is 3.3
feet.
211. The length of the diagonal
fencing is 7.3 yards.
217. The bullet will take 70
seconds to hit the ground.
3
189. x = −2, x = − 5
195. Two consecutive odd
numbers whose product is 255
are 15 and 17, and −15 and −17.
201. The width of the triangle is 5
inches and the height is 18
inches.
207. The length of table is 8 feet
and the width is 3 feet.
213. The ladder will reach 24.5
feet on the side of the house.
219. The speed of the wind was
49 mph.
4
191. x = −2, x = 3
197. The first and second
consecutive odd numbers are 24
and 26, and −26 and −24.
203. The base is 24 feet and the
height of the triangle is 10 feet.
209. The length of the legs of the
right triangle are 3.2 and 9.6 cm.
215. The arrow will reach 400 feet
on its way up in 2.8 seconds and
on the way down in 11 seconds.
221. The speed of the current was
4.3 mph.

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Answer Key 1309

223. The less experienced painter
takes 6 hours and the
experienced painter takes 3
hours to do the job alone.
229.
225. Machine #1 takes 3.6 hours 227. Answers will vary.
and Machine #2 takes 4.6 hours
to do the job alone.
231. 233. ⓐ down ⓑ up

235. ⓐ down ⓑ up 237. ⓐ x = −4 ; ⓑ ⎛⎝−4, −17) 239. ⓐ x = 1 ; ⓑ (1, 2)

⎛ ⎛ ⎛
241. y-intercept: 0, 6);
⎝ 243. y-intercept: 0, 12);
⎝ 245. y-intercept: ⎝0, −19);
⎛ ⎛ ⎛ ⎛
x-intercept ⎝−1, 0), ⎝−6, 0) x-intercept ⎝−2, 0), ⎝−6, 0) x-intercept: none
⎛ ⎛ ⎛
247. y-intercept: ⎝0, 13); 249. y-intercept: ⎝0, −16); 251. y-intercept: ⎝0, 9);
⎛ ⎞ ⎛
x-intercept ⎝−3, 0)
x-intercept: none x-intercept ⎝5 , 0⎠
2
253. 255. 257.

259. 261. 263.

1310 Answer Key

265. 267. 269.

9 273. The maximum value is 6 275. The maximum value is 16

271. The minimum value is − 8
when x = 3. when x = 0.
1
when x = − .
4
277. In 5.3 sec the arrow will 279. In 3.4 seconds the ball will 281. 20 computers will give the
reach maximum height of 486 reach its maximum height of maximum of $400 in receipts.
ft. 185.6 feet.
283. He will be able to sell 35 285. The length of the side along 287. The maximum area of the
pairs of boots at the maximum the river of the corral is 120 feet patio is 800 feet.
revenue of $1,225. and the maximum area is 7,200
square feet.
289. Answers will vary. 291. Answers will vary. 293.
ⓐ

ⓑ The graph of g(x) = x 2 + 4 is

the same as the graph of
f (x) = x 2 but shifted up 4 units.
The graph of h(x) = x 2 − 4 is the
same as the graph of f (x) = x 2
but shift down 4 units.

299.
295. 297.

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Answer Key 1311

301. 303. 305.

ⓐ

ⓑ The graph of g(x) = (x − 3) 2 is

the same as the graph of
f (x) = x 2 but shifted right 3
units. The graph of
h(x) = (x + 3) 2 is the same as
the graph of f (x) = x 2 but
shifted left 3 units.
307. 309. 311.

313. 315. 317.

319. 321. 323.

1312 Answer Key

2 2
325. f (x) = −3(x + 2) + 7 327. f (x) = 3(x + 1) − 4 329. ⓐ f (x) = (x + 3) 2 − 4

331. ⓐ f (x) = (x + 2) 2 − 1 333. ⓐ f (x) = (x − 3) 2 + 6 335. ⓐ f (x) = −(x − 4) 2 + 0

ⓑ ⓑ ⓑ

337. ⓐ f (x) = −(x + 2) 2 + 6 339. ⓐ f (x) = 5(x − 1) 2 + 3 341. ⓐ f (x) = 2(x − 1) 2 − 1

ⓑ ⓑ ⓑ

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Answer Key 1313

343. ⓐ f (x) = −2(x − 2) 2 − 2 345. ⓐ f (x) = 2(x + 1) 2 + 4 347. ⓐ f (x) = −(x − 1) 2 − 3

ⓑ ⓑ ⓑ

349. ⓒ 351. ⓔ 353. ⓓ

2 2
355. ⓖ 357. f (x) = (x + 1) − 5 359. f (x) = 2(x − 1) − 3
361. Answers will vary. 363. 365.
ⓐ ⓐ

ⓑ (−∞, −5) ∪ (−1, ∞)

ⓑ [−3, −1]
1314 Answer Key

367. 369. 371. (−∞, −4] ∪ [1, ∞)

ⓐ ⓐ

ⓑ (−∞, −6] ∪ [3, ∞) ⓑ [−3, 4]

⎡ ⎤
373. (2, 5) 375. (−∞, −5) ∪ (−3, ∞) 377. ⎣2 − 2, 2 + 2⎦
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
379. ⎝−∞, 5 − 6⎠ ∪ ⎝5 + 6, ∞⎠ ⎛ 5⎤ ⎡ 2 ⎞ ⎡ 1 ⎤
381. ⎝−∞, − 2 ⎦ ∪ ⎣− 3 , ∞⎠ 383. ⎣− 2 , 4 ⎦

385. (−∞, ∞). 387. no solution 389. (−∞, ∞).

391. Answers will vary. 393. Answers will vary.

Review Exercises
395. y = ± 12 397. a = ± 5 399. r = ± 4 2i
401. w = ± 5 3 403. p = −1, 9 1 3
405. x = ±
4 4
407. n = 4 ± 10 2 409. n = −5 ± 2 3 2
411. (x + 11)
⎛ ⎞
2 415. d = −13, −1 417. m = −3 ± 10i
413. ⎝a − 3 ⎠
2
419. v = 7 ± 3 2 421. m = −9, −1 3 41
423. a = 2 ± 2

425. u = −6 ± 2 2 427. p = 0, 6 1
429. y = − 2 , 2
1 2 7 3 1 1
431. c = − 3 ± 3 433. x = 2 ± 2 i 435. x = 4 , 1

437. r = −6, 7 −1 ± 21 −4 ± 10
439. v = 441. m =
8 3
443. a =
5 ± 23 i 445. u = 5 ± 21 4 ± 5
12 12 447. p =
5
1 451. ⓐ 1 ⓑ 2 ⓒ 2 ⓓ 2 453. ⓐ factor ⓑ Quadratic
449. c = − 2
Formula ⓒ square root
455. x = ± 2, x = ± 2 3 1 459. x = 16
457. x = ± 1, x = ± 2

461. x = 64, x = 216 4 465. Two consecutive even

463. x = −2, x = 3
numbers whose product is 624
are 24 and 26, and −24 and −26.

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Answer Key 1315

467. The height is 14 inches and 469. The length of the diagonal is 471. The width of the serving
the width is 10 inches. 3.6 feet. table is 4.7 feet and the length is
16.1 feet.

473. The speed of the wind was 475. One man takes 3 hours and 477.
30 mph. the other man 6 hours to finish
the repair alone.

481. x = 2; (2, −7) y : (0, 15)

479. ⓐ up ⓑ down
483. x : (3, 0), (5, 0)
y : (0, −46) y : (0, −64) 489.
485. 487. x : (−8, 0)
x : none

491. 493. 495. The maximum value is 2

when x = 2.
1316 Answer Key

497. The length adjacent to the 499. 501.

building is 90 feet giving a
maximum area of 4,050 square
feet.

503. 505. 507.

2
509. f (x) = 2(x − 1) − 6 511. ⓐ f (x) = 3(x − 1) 2 − 4 513. ⓐ f (x) = 2(x + 1) 2 + 4

ⓑ ⓑ

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Answer Key 1317

2
515. ⓐ f (x) = −3(x + 2) 2 + 7 517. f (x) = (x + 1) − 5 519.
ⓐ
ⓑ

ⓑ (−∞, −2) ∪ (3, ∞)

⎡ ⎤
521. 523. (2, 4) 525. ⎣3 − 5, 3 + 5⎦
ⓐ

[−2, 1]
527. no solution

Practice Test
529. w = −2, w = −8 3
531. m = 1, m = 2
2
533. y = 3
535. 2 complex 537. y = 1, y = −27 539. ⓐ down ⓑ x = −4

ⓒ (−4, 0) ⓓ y: (0, 16); x: (−4, 0)

ⓔ minimum value of −4 when
x=0
1318 Answer Key

541. 543. ⎛ 5 ⎞
545. ⎝−∞, − 2 ⎠ ∪ (2, ∞)

f (x) = 2(x − 1) 2 − 6

547. The diagonal is 3.8 units

long.

Chapter 10
Try It
10.1. ⓐ 15x + 1 ⓑ 15x − 9 10.2. ⓐ 24x − 23 ⓑ 24x − 23 10.3. ⓐ –8 ⓑ 5 ⓒ 40

ⓒ 15x 2 − 7x − 2 ⓒ 24x 2 − 38x + 15

10.4. ⓐ 65 ⓑ 10 ⓒ 5 10.5. ⓐ One-to-one function 10.6. ⓐ Not a function

ⓑ Function; not one-to-one ⓑ Function; not one-to-one

10.7. ⓐ Not a function ⓑ One-to- 10.8. ⓐ Function; not one-to-one 10.9. Inverse function:
{(4, 0), (7, 1), (10, 2), (13, 3)}.
one function ⓑ One-to-one function Domain: {4, 7, 10, 13}. Range:
{0, 1, 2, 3}.
10.10. Inverse function: 10.11. 10.12.
{(4, −1), (1, −2), (0, −3), (2, −4)}.
Domain: {0, 1, 2, 4}. Range:
{−4, −3, −2, −1}.

10.13. g( f (x)) = x, and 10.14. g( f (x)) = x, and −1 x+3

10.15. f (x) = 5
f (g(x)) = x, so they are f (g(x)) = x, so they are
inverses. inverses.
10.16. f
−1
(x) = x − 5 −1
10.17. f (x) =
x5 + 2 −1
10.18. f (x) =
x4 + 7
8 3 6

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Answer Key 1319

10.19. 10.20. 10.21.

10.22. 10.23. 10.24.

10.25. 10.26. 10.27. x = 2

10.28. x = 4 10.29. x = −1, x = 2 10.30. x = −2, x = 3

10.31. ⓐ $22,332.96 10.32. ⓐ $21,071.81 ⓑ $21,137.04 10.33. She will find 166 bacteria.

ⓑ $22,362.49 ⓒ $22,377.37 ⓒ $21,170.00

10.34. She will find 1,102 10.35. ⓐ log 3 9 = 2 10.36. ⓐ log 4 64 = 3
viruses.
ⓑ log 7 7 = 1 ⓒ log 1 1 = x ⓑ
3
log 4 4 = 1 ⓒ log 1 1 = x
2 3 27 3 2 32

10.37. ⓐ 64 = 4 3 10.38. ⓐ 27 = 3 3 ⓑ 1 = x0 10.39.

1 = 10 −2 1 = 10 −1 ⓐ x=8 ⓑ x = 125 ⓒ x=2
ⓑ 1 = x0 ⓒ 100 ⓒ 10
1
10.42. ⓐ 2 ⓑ 3 ⓒ
10.40. 10.41. −2
ⓐ ⓐ
x=9 ⓑ x = 243 ⓒ x=3 2ⓑ
1 ⓒ −5
2
1320 Answer Key

10.43. 10.44. 10.45.

10.46. 10.47. 10.48.

ⓐ ⓐ
a = 11 a=4
ⓑ x=e 7 ⓑ x = e9

10.49. 10.50. 10.51. The quiet dishwashers

ⓐ ⓐ have a decibel level of 50 dB.
x = 13 x=6
ⓑ x=2 ⓑ x=1
10.52. The decibel level of heavy 10.53. The intensity of the 1906 10.54. The intensity of the
traffic is 90 dB. earthquake was about 8 times earthquake in Chile was about
the intensity of the 1989 1,259 times the intensity of the
earthquake. earthquake in Los Angeles.
10.55. ⓐ 0 ⓑ 1 10.56. ⓐ 0 ⓑ 1 10.57. ⓐ 15 ⓑ 4
10.58. ⓐ 8 ⓑ 15 10.59. ⓐ 1 + log 3 x 10.60. ⓐ 1 + log 9 x

ⓑ 3 + log 2 x + log 2 y ⓑ 3 + log 3 x + log 3 y

10.61. ⓐ log 4 3 − 1 ⓑ log x − 3 10.62. ⓐ log 2 5 − 2 ⓑ 1 − logy 10.63. ⓐ 4log 7 5 ⓑ 100 · log x
10.64. ⓐ 7log 2 3 ⓑ 20 · log x 10.65. log 2 5 + 4log 2 x + 2log 2 y 10.66. log 3 7 + 5log 3 x + 3log 3 y
10.67. 10.68. 5x
10.69. log 2 y
1 ⎛4log x − 1 − 3log y − 2log z⎞ 1 ⎛⎝2log x − log 5 − log y − log z⎞⎠
5⎝ 4 2 4 4 ⎠ 3 3 3 3 3

6 3
10.71. log 2 x (x − 1)
2 2
10.72. logx (x + 1)
2
10.70. log 3 xy
10.73. 3.402 10.74. 2.379 10.75. x = 6
10.76. x = 4 10.77. x = 4 10.78. x = 8
10.79. x = 3 10.80. x = 8 log43
10.81. x = log7 ≈ 1.933

log98 10.83. x = ln9 + 2 ≈ 4.197 ln5

10.82. x = log8 ≈ 2.205 10.84. x = 2 ≈ 0.805

10.85. r ≈ 9.3% 10.86. r ≈ 11.9% 10.87. There will be 62,500

bacteria.
10.88. There will be 5,870,061 10.89. There will be 6.43 mg left. 10.90. There will be 31.5 mg left.
bacteria.

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Answer Key 1321

Section Exercises
1. ⓐ 8x + 23 ⓑ 8x + 11 ⓒ 3. ⓐ 24x + 1 ⓑ 24x − 19 5. ⓐ 6x 2 − 9x ⓑ 18x 2 − 9x
2
8x + 26x + 15 ⓒ 24x 2 + 14x − 5 ⓒ 6x 3 − 9x 2
7. ⓐ 2x 2 + 3 ⓑ 4x 2 − 4x + 3 9. ⓐ 245 ⓑ 104 ⓒ 53 11. ⓐ 250 ⓑ 14 ⓒ 77

ⓒ 2x 3 − x 2 + 4x − 2
13. Function; not one-to-one
19. ⓐ One-to-one function
ⓑ Function; not one-to-one
25. Inverse function:
{(−3, −2), (−1, −1), (1, 0), (3, 1)}.
Domain: {−3, −1, 1, 3}. Range:
{−2, −1, 0, 1}.
15. One-to-one function
21. Inverse function:
{(1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6), (4, 8)}.
Domain: {1, 2, 3, 4}. Range:
{2, 4, 6, 8}.
27.
17. ⓐ Not a function ⓑ Function;
not one-to-one
23. Inverse function:
{(−2, 0), (3, 1), (7, 2), (12, 3)}.
Domain: {−2, 3, 7, 12}. Range:
{0, 1, 2, 3}.
29.

31. g( f (x)) = x, and 33. g( f (x)) = x, and 35. g( f (x)) = x, and

f (g(x)) = x, so they are f (g(x)) = x, so they are f (g(x)) = x, so they are
inverses. inverses. inverses.
37. g( f (x)) = x, and −1
39. f (x) = x + 12
−1 x
41. f (x) = 9
f (g(x)) = x, so they are inverses
(for nonnegative x).
−1
43. f (x) = 6x −1 x+7 −1 x−5
45. f (x) = 6 47. f (x) = −2
−1
49. f (x) = x − 6
3
51. f −1(x) = x + 4
−1 1
53. f (x) = x − 2
−1 2 3
55. f (x) = x + 2 , x ≥ 0
−1
57. f (x) = x + 3 −1
59. f (x) =
x4 + 5 , x ≥ 0
9
5 63. Answers will vary.
61. f (x) = x − 5
−1
−3

65.
1322 Answer Key

67. 69. 71.

73. 75. 77.

79. 81. 83.

85. 89.
87.

95. x = 4

91. 93.

97. x = −1 99. x = −1, x = 1 101. x = 1

103. x = −1 105. x = 2 107. x = −1, x = 2
109. ⓕ 111. ⓐ 113. ⓔ
115. ⓐ $7,387.28 ⓑ $7,434.57 117. $36,945.28 119. 159 bacteria

ⓒ $7,459.12

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Answer Key 1323

121. 288,929,825 123. Answers will vary. 125. Answers will vary.
127. log 2 32 = 5 129. log 5 125 = 3 1
131. log 100 = −2
3 1 5 1
133. log x 6 = 3 135. log 17 17 = x 137. log 1 81 = 4
3
1 141. ln x = 3 143. 64 = 2 6
139. log 4 64 = −3

145. 32 = x 5 147. 1 = 7 0 149. 9 = 9 1

x
151. 1,000 = 10
3 153. 43 = e 155. x = 11
157. x = 4 159. x = 125 1
161. x = 243
163. x = 2 165. x = −2 167. 2
169. 0 1 173. −2
171. 3
175. −3 177. −2

179.

181.

183. 185.

189. a = 9 191. a = 3

187.

3
193. a = 24 195. x = e 4 197. x = 5
199. x = 17 201. x = 6 203. x = 3
205. x = −5 5, x = 5 5 207. x = −5, x = 5 209. A whisper has a decibel level
of 20 dB.
211. The sound of a garbage 213. The intensity of the 1994 215. Answers will vary.
disposal has a decibel level of 100 Northridge earthquake in the Los
dB. Angeles area was about 40 times
the intensity of the 2014
earthquake.
217. Answers will vary. 219. ⓐ 0 ⓑ 1 221. ⓐ 10 ⓑ 10
1324 Answer Key

223. ⓐ 15 ⓑ −4 225. ⓐ 3 ⓑ −1 227. ⓐ 3 ⓑ 7

229. log 5 8 + log 5 y 231. 4 + log 3 x + log 3 y 233. 3 + logy
235. log 6 5 − 1 237. 3 − log 5 x 239. 4 − logy
241. 4 − ln16 243. 5log 2 x 245. −3log x
1 3 251. log 2 3 + 5log 2 x + 3log 2 y
247. 3 log 5 x 249. 4ln x
1 255. log 5 4 + log 5 a + 3log 5 b 2
253. 4 log 5 21 + 3log 5 y 257. 3 log 3 x − 3 − 4log 3 y
+ 4log 5 c − 2log 5 d
259. 1⎛ 263. 2
261. 3 ⎝log 5 3 + 2log 5 x − log 5 4
1 log ⎛3x + 2y 2⎞⎠ − log 3 5 − 2log 3 z
3⎝
2 − 3log 5 y − log 5 z⎞⎠
265. 2 5 2
267. log 2 x − 1 269. log 5 xy
6 9
271. log 3 x y 273. 0 x3 y4
275. ln
z2
2
277. log(2x + 3) · x + 1 279. 2.379 281. 1.674
283. 5.542 285. Answers will vary. 287. Answers will vary.
289. x = 7 291. x = 4 293. x = 1, x=3
295. x = 8 297. x = 3 299. x = 20
301. x = 3 303. x = 6 5
305. x = 3
log74 log112 311. x = ln8 ≈ 2.079
307. x = log2 ≈ 6.209 309. x = log4 ≈ 3.404

log8 315. x = ln3 − 2 ≈ −0.901 ln16

313. x = log 1 ≈ −1.893 317. x = 3 ≈ 0.924
3
319. x = ln6 ≈ 1.792 321. x = ln8 + 1 ≈ 3.079 323. x = 5
325. x = −4, x = 5 327. a = 3 329. x = e 9
331. x = 7 333. x = 3 335. x = 2
337. x = 6 339. x = 5 log10
341. x = log 1 ≈ −3.322
2
343. x = ln7 − 5 ≈ −3.054 345. 6.9% 347. 13.9 years
349. 122,070 bacteria 351. 8 times as large as the 353. 0.03 ml
original population
355. Answers will vary.

Review Exercises
357. ⓐ 4x 2 + 12x ⓑ 16x 2 + 12x 359. ⓐ −123 ⓑ 356 ⓒ 41 361. Function; not one-to-one

ⓒ 4x 3 + 12x 2
363. ⓐ Function; not one-to-one 365. Inverse function: 367. g( f (x)) = x, and
{(10, −3), (5, −2), (2, −1), (1, 0)}. f (g(x)) = x, so they are
ⓑ Not a function Domain: {1, 2, 5, 10}. Range: inverses.
{−3, −2, −1, 0}.

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Answer Key 1325

−1 x + 11 −1 1
371. f (x) = x − 5
369. f (x) = 6

373.

375. 377. 379.

381. x = −2, x = 2 383. x = −1 385. x = −3, x = 5

387. $163,323.40 389. 330,259,000 1
391. log 1,000 = −3

393. ln16 = y 395. 100000 = 10 5 397. x = 5

399. x = 4 401. 0

403.

407. x = e −3 409. x = 8

405.

411. 90 dB 413. ⓐ 13 ⓑ −9 415. ⓐ 8 ⓑ 5

417. 4 + logm 419. 5 − ln2 1
421. 7 log 4 z

423. log 5 8 + 2log 5 a + 6log 5 b 425. 3 7

427. log 3 x y
+ log 5 c − 3log 5 d 1 ⎛⎝log 7 + 2log x − 1 − 3log y
3 6 6 6
⎞
− 5log 6 z⎠
y4 431. 5.047 433. x = 4
429. log
(y − 3) 2
435. x = 3 log101 log7
437. x = log2 ≈ 6.658 439. x = log 1 ≈ −1.771
3
441. x = ln15 + 4 ≈ 6.708 443. 11.6 years 445. 12.7 months
1326 Answer Key

Practice Test
5
447. ⓐ 48x − 17 ⓑ 48x + 5 449. ⓐ Not a function ⓑ One-to- 451. f −1 (x) = x + 9
ⓒ 48x 2 − 10x − 3 one function

453. x = 5 455. ⓐ $31,250.74 ⓑ $31,302.29 457. 343 = 7 3

ⓒ $31,328.32
459. 0 461. 463. 40 dB

465. 2 + log 5 a + log 5 b 467. 6

x
1 ⎛⎝log 5 + 3log x − 4 − 2log y 469. log
2 2 2 (x + 5) 3
4
⎞
− 7log 2 z⎠
471. x = 6 473. x = ln8 + 4 ≈ 6.079 475. 1,921 bacteria

Chapter 11
Try It
11.1. d = 5 11.2. d = 10 11.3. d = 15
11.4. d = 13 11.5. d = 130, d ≈ 11.4 11.6. d = 2, d ≈ 1.4
11.7. 11.8. 2 2
11.9. x + y = 36

2 2 2 ⎛ ⎞2 2 ⎛ ⎞2
11.10. x + y = 64 11.11. (x − 2) + ⎝y + 4⎠ = 49 11.12. (x + 3) + ⎝y + 5⎠ = 81

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Answer Key 1327

2 ⎛ ⎞2 2 ⎛ ⎞2
11.13. (x − 2) + ⎝y − 1⎠ = 25 11.14. (x − 7) + ⎝y − 1⎠ = 100 11.15. ⓐ The circle is centered at
(3, −4) with a radius of 2.
ⓑ

11.16. ⓐ The circle is centered at 11.17. ⓐ The circle is centered at 11.18. ⓐ The circle is centered at
(3, 1) with a radius of 4. (0, 0) with a radius of 3. (0, 0) with a radius of 5.
ⓑ ⓑ ⓑ

11.19. ⓐ The circle is centered at 11.20. ⓐ The circle is centered at 11.21. ⓐ The circle is centered at
(3, 4) with a radius of 4. (−3, 1) with a radius of 3. (−1, 0) with a radius of 2.
ⓑ ⓑ
1328 Answer Key

11.22. ⓐ The circle is centered at 11.23. 11.24.

(0, 6) with a radius of 5.

11.25. ⓐ y = 2(x + 1) 2 + 3 11.26. ⓐ y = −2(x − 2) 2 + 1 11.27.

ⓑ ⓑ

11.28. 11.29. 11.30.

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Answer Key 1329

11.31. 11.32. 11.33.

11.34. 11.35. ⓐ x = 3(y + 1) 2 + 4 11.36. ⓐ x = −4(y + 2) 2 + 4

ⓑ ⓑ

1 2 1 2 11.39.
11.37. y = − 20 (x − 20) + 20 11.38. y = − 5 x + 2x

y = − 1 (x − 5) 2 + 5
5

11.40. 11.41. 11.42.

1330 Answer Key

2 y2 2 y2 11.45.
11.43. x + =1 11.44. x + =1
4 25 9 4

11.46. 11.47. 11.48.

(x + 1) 2 ⎛⎝y − 4⎞⎠ 2 (x − 2) 2 ⎛⎝y − 3⎞⎠ 2 2 y2

11.49. ⓐ + =1 11.50. ⓐ + =1 11.51. x + =1
6 9 4 16 625 600
ⓑ ⓑ

2 11.53. 11.54.
11.52. x2 + y = 1
1225 1000

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Answer Key 1331

11.55. 11.56. 11.57.

11.58. 11.59. 11.60.

(x + 1) 2 ⎛⎝y − 2⎞⎠ 2 (x + 3) 2 ⎛⎝y + 1⎞⎠ 2 11.63. ⓐ circle ⓑ ellipse ⓒ

11.61. ⓐ − =1 11.62. ⓐ − =1
16 9 25 16
parabola ⓓ hyperbola
ⓑ ⓑ

11.64. ⓐ ellipse ⓑ parabola ⓒ 11.65. 11.66.

circle ⓓ hyperbola
1332 Answer Key

11.67. 11.68. 11.69. No solution

⎛ 4 6⎞ 11.71. No solution ⎛4 2⎞
11.70. ⎝− 5 , 5 ⎠, (0, 2) 11.72. ⎝9 , − 3 ⎠, (1, 1)

11.73. 11.74. (−1, 0), (0, 1), (0, −1) 11.75.

⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ (−3, −4), (−3, 4), (3, −4), (3, 4)
(−3, 0), (3, 0), −2 2, −1 , 2 2, −1
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

11.76. (−2, 0), (2, 0) 11.77. 4 and 6 11.78. −18 and 17

11.79. If the length is 12 inches, 11.80. If the length is 12 inches,
the width is 16 inches. If the the width is 9 inches. If the
length is 16 inches, the width is length is 9 inches, the width is 12
12 inches. inches.

Section Exercises
1. d = 5 3. 13 5. 5
7. 13 9. 76. d = 3 5, d ≈ 6.7 11. d = 68, d ≈ 8.2
⎛ 1 1⎞ 2 2
13. ⓐ Midpoint: (2, −4) 15. ⓐ Midpoint: ⎝3 2 , −1 2 ⎠ 17. x + y = 49

ⓑ ⓑ

2 2 2 ⎛ ⎞2 2 ⎛ ⎞2
19. x + y = 2 21. (x − 3) + ⎝y − 5⎠ = 1 23. (x − 1.5) + ⎝y + 3.5⎠ = 6.25

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Answer Key 1333

2 ⎛ ⎞2 2 ⎛ ⎞2
25. (x − 3) + ⎝y + 2⎠ = 64 27. (x − 4) + ⎝y − 4⎠ = 8 29. ⓐ The circle is centered at
(−5, −3) with a radius of 1.
ⓑ

31. ⓐ The circle is centered at 33. ⓐ The circle is centered at 35. ⓐ The circle is centered at
(4, −2) with a radius of 4. (0, −2) with a radius of 5. (1.5, 2.5) with a radius of 0.5.
ⓑ ⓑ ⓑ

37. ⓐ The circle is centered at 39. ⓐ The circle is centered at 41. ⓐ Center: (−1, −3), radius: 1
(0, 0) with a radius of 8. (0, 0) with a radius of 2.
ⓑ
ⓑ ⓑ
1334 Answer Key

43. ⓐ Center: (2, −5), radius: 6 45. ⓐ Center: (0, −3), radius: 2 47. ⓐ Center: (−2, 0), radius: = 2

ⓑ ⓑ ⓑ

49. Answers will vary. 51. Answers will vary. 53.

55. 57. ⓐ y = −(x − 1) 2 − 3 59. ⓐ y = −2(x + 1) 2 − 3

ⓑ ⓑ

61. 63. 65.

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Answer Key 1335

67. 69. 71.

73. 75. 77.

79. 81. ⓐ x = ⎛⎝y + 2⎞⎠ 2 − 9 83. ⓐ x = −2⎛⎝y + 3⎞⎠ 2 + 2

ⓑ ⓑ

85. ⓐ 87. ⓑ 89. ⓓ

1 2 1 2 95. Answers will vary.
91. y = − 15 (x − 15) + 15 93. y = − 10 (x − 30) + 90
97. Answers will vary. 99. 101.
1336 Answer Key

103. 105. 107.

109. 2 y2 2 y2
111. x + =1 113. x + =1
9 25 9 16

115. 117. 119.

121. (x − 2) 2 ⎛⎝y − 3⎞⎠ 2 y 2 (x − 3) 2

123. ⓐ + =1 125. ⓐ + =1
9 25 4 25
ⓑ ⓑ

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Answer Key 1337

127. 129. 131.

133. 135. 137.

2 y2 2
x2 + y = 1 143. Answers will vary.
139. x + =1 141.
400 300 2500 1275
145. Answers will vary. 147. 149.

151. 153. 155.

1338 Answer Key

157. 159. 161.

163. 165. 167.

(x − 1) 2 ⎛⎝y − 1⎞⎠ 2 ⎛
y − 2⎞⎠ 2 (x − 1) 2 y + 1⎞⎠ 2 (x + 2) 2
⎛

169. ⓐ 171. ⓐ 173. ⓐ

⎝ ⎝
− =1 − =1 − =1
4 9 9 9 1 9
ⓑ ⓑ ⓑ

175. ⓐ parabola ⓑ circle ⓒ 177. 179.

hyperbola ⓓ ellipse

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Answer Key 1339

181. 183. 185. Answers will vary.

187. Answers will vary. 189. 191.

193. 195. 197.

199. 201. (−1, 0), (0, 3) 203. (2, 0)

205. (12, −5), (12, 5) 207. No solution 209. (0, −4), (1, −3)
⎛ ⎞ ⎛
211. (3, 4), (5, 0)
⎛
213. (0, −4), − 7, 3 ,
⎝
⎞ ⎛
⎠ ⎝ 7, 3⎞
⎠ 215. (0, −2), ⎝− 3, 1⎠, ⎝ 3, 1⎞⎠
⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞
217. (−2, 0), ⎝1, − 3⎠, ⎝1, 3⎠ 219. 221. (−4, 0), (4, 0)
(−2, −4), (−2, 4), (2, −4), (2, 4)
1340 Answer Key

⎛ ⎞ ⎛
223. ⎝− 3, 0⎠, ⎝ 3, 0⎞⎠ 225. 227.
(−2, −3), (−2, 3), (2, −3), (2, 3) (−1, −3), (−1, 3), (1, −3), (1, 3)
229. −3 and 14 231. −7 and −8 or 8 and 7 233. −6 and −4 or −6 and 4 or
6 and −4 or 6 and 4
235. If the length is 11 cm, the 237. If the length is 10 inches, the 239. The length is 40 inches and
width is 15 cm. If the length is 15 width is 24 inches. If the length the width is 30 inches. The TV
cm, the width is 11 cm. is 24 inches, the width is 10 will not fit Donnette’s
inches. entertainment center.
241. Answers will vary. 243. Answers will vary.

Review Exercises
245. d = 3 247. d = 17, d ≈ 4.1 249. (4, 4)
3⎛ 7 ⎞ 2 2 2 ⎛ ⎞2
251. ⎝2 , − 2 ⎠ 253. x + y = 7 255. (x + 2) + ⎝y + 5⎠ = 49
2 ⎛ ⎞2
257. (x − 2) + ⎝y − 2⎠ = 8 259. ⓐ radius: 12, center: (0, 0) 261. ⓐ radius: 7, center: (−2, −5)

ⓑ ⓑ

263. ⓐ radius: 8, center: (0, 2) 265. 267.

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Answer Key 1341

269. ⓐ y = 2(x − 1) 2 − 4 271. ⓐ y = −(x − 6) 2 + 1 273.

ⓑ ⓑ

275. 277. ⓐ x = ⎛⎝y + 2⎞⎠ 2 + 1 279. ⓐ x = −2⎛⎝y − 1⎞⎠ 2 + 2

ⓑ ⓑ

1 2 10 283. 285.
281. y = − 9 x + 3 x

2 y2 289. 291.
287. x + =1
36 64
1342 Answer Key

(x − 3) 2 ⎛⎝y − 7⎞⎠ 2 2 ⎛ ⎞2
⎝y − 7⎠ 297.
293. ⓐ + =1 295. ⓐ x + =1
4 25 9 4
ⓑ ⓑ

299. 301. 303.

(x + 1) 2 ⎛⎝y − 3⎞⎠ 2 ⎛
y − 1⎞⎠ 2 (x − 1) 2 309. ⓐ hyperbola ⓑ circle ⓒ
305. ⓐ 307. ⓐ
⎝
− =1 − =1
16 4 16 4
parabola ⓓ ellipse
ⓑ ⓑ

311. 313. 315. (−1, 4)

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Answer Key 1343

⎛ ⎞ ⎛
317. No solution 319. ⎝− 7, 3⎠, ⎝ 7, 3⎞⎠ 321. (−3, 0), (0, −2), (0, 2)
323. −3 and −4 or 4 and 3 325. If the length is 14 inches, the
width is 15 inches. If the length is
15 inches, the width is 14
inches.

Practice Test
327. distance: 10, midpoint: 2 2 2 ⎛ ⎞2
329. x + y = 121 331. (x + 2) + ⎝y − 3⎠ = 52
(−7, −7)
333. ⓐ ellipse 335. ⓐ circle 337. ⓐ ellipse

ⓑ ⓑ ⓑ

339. ⓐ hyperbola 341. ⓐ circle 343. ⓐ hyperbola

ⓑ ⓑ (x + 5) 2 + ⎛⎝y + 3⎞⎠ 2 = 4 ⓑ (x − 2) 2 ⎛⎝y + 1⎞⎠ 2

− =1
25 9
ⓒ
ⓒ

345. No solution 347. (0, −3), (0, 3) 2

x2 + y = 1
349.
2025 1400
351. The length is 44 inches and
the width is 33 inches. The TV
will fit Olive’s entertainment
center.

Chapter 12
Try It
12.1. −1, 2, 5, 8, 11 12.2. −3, −1, 1, 3, 5 12.3. 7, 13, 31, 85, 247
12.4. −3, −1, 3, 11, 27 12.5. −1, 4, −9, 16, −25 12.6. 1, −8, 27, −64, 125
n n
12.7. a n = 3n 12.8. a n = 5n 12.9. a n = (−1) 3
12.10. a n = (−1)
n+1 2
n 1 1
12.11. a n = 2 n 12.12. a n = 2
n
1344 Answer Key

1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
12.13. 2, 1, 3 , 12 , 60 12.14. 3, 2 , 2 , 8 , 40 12.15. 2 , 6 , 12 , 20 , 30
1 1 1 1 1 12.17. 45 12.18. 60
12.16. 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6
16 12.20. 8 5
12.19. 3
12.21. ∑ 1
2n
n=1
5 5 5
12.22. ∑ 1 12.23. ∑ (−1) n + 1 n 2 12.24. ∑ (−1) n 2n
n=1 n2 n=1 n=1

12.25. ⓐ The sequence is 12.26. ⓐ The sequence is not 12.27. 7, 3, −1, −5, −9, …
arithmetic with common arithmetic as all the differences
difference d = 11 . ⓑ The between the consecutive terms
sequence is arithmetic with are not the same. ⓑ The
common difference d = −6 . sequence is arithmetic with
common difference d = 2.
ⓒ The sequence is not
arithmetic as all the differences ⓒ The sequence is arithmetic
between the consecutive terms with common difference
are not the same. d = −5.
12.28. 11, 3, −5, −13, −21, … 12.29. 241 12.30. −106
12.31. a 11 = 2. The general term 12.32. a 19 = −55. The general 12.33. a 1 = 5, d = 4. The
is a n = −3n + 35. term is a n = −4n + 21. general term is a n = 4n + 1.
12.34. a 1 = 8, d = −3. The 12.35. 1,890 12.36. 1,515
general term is a n = −3n + 11.
12.37. 2,300 12.38. 5,250 12.39. 2,670
12.40. 3,045 12.41. ⓐ The sequence is 12.42. ⓐ The sequence is not
geometric with common ratio geometric. There is no common
r = 3. ⓑ The sequence is ratio. ⓑ The sequence is
geometric with common ratio geometric with common ratio
d = 1. ⓒ The sequence is not r = 2. ⓒ The sequence is
4
geometric with common ratio
geometric. There is no common
ratio. r = 1.
2
12.43. 7, −21, 63, −189, 567 12.44. 6, −24, 96, −384, 1536 1
12.45. 6,561
1 12.47. a 9 = 39,366. The general 12.48. a 11 = 7,168. The general
12.46. 16,384
term is a n = 6(3) n − 1. term is a n = 7(2) n − 1.
12.49. 3,145,725 12.50. 10,460,353,200 12.51. 393,204
12.52. 10,230 12.53. 96
12.54.
256
3
4 8 12.57. $10,000
12.55. 9 12.56. 9

12.58. $3, 333.33 12.59. $88,868.36 12.60. $698,201.57

12.61. 12.62. 12.63.
5 4
x + 5x y + 10x y + 10x y 3 2 2 3 7 6 5 2
p + 7p q + 21p q + 35p q 4 3 x 4 + 8x 3 + 24x 2 + 32x + 16
+5xy 4 + y 5 +35p 3 q 4 + 21p 2 q 5 + 7pq 6 + q 7
12.64. 12.65. 12.66.
6 5
x + 6x + 15x + 20x + 15x 4 3 2 16x 4 − 96x 3 + 216x 2 − 216x + 81 64x 6 − 192x 5 + 240x 4 − 160x 3
+6x + 1 +60x 2 − 12x + 1

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Answer Key 1345

12.67. ⓐ 6 ⓑ 1 ⓒ 1 ⓓ 35 12.68. ⓐ 2 ⓑ 1 ⓒ 1 ⓓ 6 12.69.

x 5 + 5x 4 y + 10x 3 y 2 + 10x 2 y 3
+5xy 4 + y 5
12.70. 12.71. x 5 − 15x 4 + 90x 3 − 270x 2 12.72.
6 5 3 3
4 2
m + 6m n + 15m n + 20m n +405x − 243 y 6 − 6y 5 + 15y 4 − 20y 3 + 15y 2
+15m 2 n 4 + 6mn 5 + n 6 −6y + 1
12.73. 4 3 2 2 4 2
12.74. 256x − 768x y + 864x y 12.75. 15x y
5 4 3 2
243x − 810x y + 1080x y
−432xy 3 + 81y 4
2 3 4 5
−720x y + 240xy − 32y
12.76. 8ab 7 12.77. 7,168 12.78. 280

Section Exercises
1. −5, −3, −1, 1, 3 3. 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 5. 5, 7, 11, 19, 35
7. 1, 5, 21, 73, 233 8 32 3 5 7 9
9. 2, 1, 9 , 1, 25 11. 1, 2 , 4 , 8 , 16

13. −2, 4, −6, 8, −10 15. 1, −4, 9, −16, 25 1 1 1 1

17. 1, − 4 , 9 , − 16 , 25

19. a n = 8n 21. a n = n + 5 23. a n = e

n+2
n n 3 n
25. a n = (−1) 5n 27. a n = (−1) n 29. a n = (−1) 2n
1 n 5
31. a n = 4 n 33. a n = − n + 1 35. − 2 n
2 1 1 39. 3, 6, 18, 72, 360 41. 2, 24, 720, 40320, 3628800
37. 4, 2, 3 , 6 , 30
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 24 3 8 15 144
43. 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 45. 1, 2 , 3 , 2 , 5 47. 2, 2 , 3 , 2 , 5
49. 1 + 4 + 9 + 16 + 25 = 55 51. 53. 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 = 30
5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 = 60
4 4 4 4 32 2 57. 2 + 6 + 12 + 20 + 30 = 70 1 2 3 4 5 71
55. 1 + 1 + 2 + 6 + 3 = 10 3 59. 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 20
5 5 5
61. ∑ 1
3n
63. ∑ 1 65. ∑ 2
n
n=1 n=1 n3 n=1
5 10 7
67. ∑ (−1) n + 1 3n 69. ∑ (−1) n 2n 71. ∑ (2n + 12)
n=1 n=1 n=1
73. Answers will vary. 75. Answers will vary. 77. The sequence is arithmetic
with common difference d = 8.
79. The sequence is not 81. The sequence is arithmetic 83. 11, 18, 25, 32, 39
arithmetic. with common difference
d = −3.
85. −7, −3, 1, 5, 9 87. 14, 5, −4, −13, −22 89. 163
91. 131 93. −79 95. a 20 = −34. The general term
is a n = −2n + 6.
97. a 11 = 59. The general term is 99. a 8 = −13. The general term 101. a 1 = 11, d = 3. The general
a n = 5n + 4. is a n = −5n + 27. term is a n = 3n + 8.
103. a 1 = 21, d = −8. The 105. a 1 = −15, d = 3. The 107. 1,635
general term is a n = −8n + 29. general term is a n = 3n − 18.
109. −1, 065 111. 360 113. 6,325
115. –3,575 117. 6,280 119. 4,125
121. −3,850 123. Answers will vary. 125. Answers will vary.
1346 Answer Key

127. The sequence is geometric 129. The sequence is geometric 131. The sequence is geometric
with common ratio r = 4. 1
with common ratio r = . with common ratio r = −2.
2
133. The sequence is geometric 135. The sequence is arithmetic 137. The sequence is geometric
with common ratio r = .
1 with common difference d = 5. 1
with common ratio r = .
2 2
139. 4, 12, 36, 108, 324 141. −4, 8, −16, 32, −64 1
143. 27, 9, 3, 1, 3

145. 472,392 147. 3,072 149. 0.0001

151. a 9 = 2,304. The general 2
153. a 15 = − 19, 683 . The 155. a 10 = 0.000000001. The
term is a n = 9(2) n − 1. general term is a n = (0.1) n − 1.
general term is
⎛ ⎞
n−1
a n = −486⎝− 1 ⎠ .
3
157. 57,395,624 159. −65,538 7,174,453 ≈ 121.5
161. 59,049
163. 65,534 165. 4088 29,524 ≈ 4.5
167. 6561
3 9 173. no sum as r ≥ 1
169. 2 171. 2
175. 2,048 1 7
177. 3 179. 9
5 183. ⓐ $6666.67 ⓑ $4000 ⓒ 185. $295,581.88
181. 11
$15,000 ⓒ $7500
187. $14,234.10 189. Answers will vary. 191. Answers will vary.
193. 195. 197.
8 6 2 5 3 9 8 6 3
7
a + 8a b + 28a b + 56a b p + 9p q + 36p q + 84p q 7 2
a 6 − 6a 5 b + 15a 4 b 2 − 20a 3 b 3
+70a 4 b 4 + 56a 3 b 5 + 28a 2 b 6 +126p 5 q 4 + 126p 4 q 5 + 84p 3 q 6 +15a 2 b 4 − 6ab 5 + b 6
+8ab 7 + b 8 +36p 2 q 7 + 9pq 8 + q 9
199. x 3 + 15x 2 + 75x + 125 201. 203.
6 5 3
7
y + 7y + 21y + 35y + 35y 4
z 6 − 12z 5 + 60z 4 − 160z 3 + 240z 2
+21y 2 + 7y + 1 −192z + 64
205. 207. 27x 3 − 135x 2 + 225x − 125 209.
5 4
243x − 405x + 270x − 90x 3 2 27x 3 + 135x 2 y + 225xy 2 + 125y 3
+15x − 1
211. ⓐ 7 ⓑ 1 ⓒ 1 ⓓ 45 213. ⓐ 4 ⓑ 1 ⓒ 1 ⓓ 55 215.
m 5 + 5m 4 n + 10m 3 n 2 + 10m 2 n 3
+5mn 4 + n 5
3
217. s 7 + 7s 6 t + 21s 5 t 2 + 35s 4 t 3 219. 2
221. q − 12q + 48q − 64
4 3 2
+35s 3 t 4 + 21s 2 t 5 + 7st 6 + t 7 y − 12y + 54y − 108y + 81
4 3 2 2 225. 227. 126a 5 b 4
223. 625x − 1000x y + 600x y
5 4 3 2
243x + 1620x y + 4320x y
−160xy 3 + 16y 4
+5760x 2 y 3 + 3840xy 4 + 1024y 5
5 6 231. 112 233. 324
229. 462x y
235. 30,618 237. Answers will vary. 239. Answers will vary.

Review Exercises
241. 7, 13, 31, 85, 247 3 5 7
243. 4 , 16 , 64 , 256 , 1024
9 11 245. a n = 9n

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Answer Key 1347

n−4 n 1 1 1 1 1
247. a n = e 249. a n = − n + 2 251. 6 , 12 , 20 , 30 , 42

253. −3 + (−1) + 1 + 3 + 5 2 1 65
255. 4 + 4 + 2 + 3 + 6 = 6
5
+7 + 9 = 21 257. ∑ (−1) n 1n
3
n=1
5 261. The sequence is arithmetic 263. 5, 8, 11, 14, 17
259. ∑ 4
n with common difference d = 6.
n=1
265. −13, −7, −1, 5, 11 267. −129 269. a 18 = 103. The general term
is a n = 7n − 23.
271. a 1 = 1, d = 4. The general 273. −430 275. 585
term is a n = 4n − 3.
277. 4850 279. 980 281. The sequence is not
geometric.
283. The sequence is geometric 1 287. 1,536
285. 128, 32, 8, 2, 2
with common ratio r = −2.
289. a 12 = −25, 165, 824. The 291. 5,460 293. ≈ 3906.25
general term is a n = 6(−4) n−1
.
189 = 23.625 343 ≈ 57.167 4
295. 8 297. 6 299. 11

301. $1,634,421.27 303. 305.

x 4 − 4x 3 y + 6x 2 y 2 − 4xy 3 + y 4 32y 5 − 240y 4 + 720y 3 − 1080y 2
+810y − 243
307. ⓐ 11 ⓑ 1 ⓒ 1 ⓓ 56 309. ⓐ 1 ⓑ 1 ⓒ 1 ⓓ 55 311.
t 9 − 9t 8 + 36t 7 − 84t 6 + 126t 5
−126t 4 + 84t 3 − 36t 2 + 9t − 1
4 3 2 2 315. 84a 6 b 3 317. 135
313. 256x + 768x y + 864x y
3 4
+432xy + 81y
319. 280

Practice Test
1 1 1 1 1 323. −4 + 16 − 64 + 256 = 204 325. −13, −10, −7, −4, −1
321. 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8

327. a 23 = 59. The general term 329. 1,325 331. 3,260

is a n = 3n − 10.
333. The sequence is geometric 335. 5,242,880 337. 797,162
1
with common ratio r = .
3
5 341. $1,409,344.19 343. ⓐ 8 ⓑ 1 ⓒ 1 ⓓ 210
339. 6
1348 Answer Key

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Index
INDEX
A conjugate pair, 532, 554
absolute value, 24, 83, 198, 752
absolute value equation, 199
absolute value inequality, 202
additive identity, 73, 83
additive inverse, 74, 83
amount of discount, 124
annuity, 1197, 1217
area, 134
arithmetic sequence, 1178,
1217
Associative Property, 72
asymptote, 1010, 1059
augmented matrix, 437
axis of symmetry, 926, 961
B
base, 12
binomial, 554
binomial coefficient, 1208
Binomial Theorem, 1210, 1212
boundary line, 297, 347
break-even point, 415, 475
C degree two, 615
Change-of-Base Formula, 1045
circle, 1072, 1076, 1079, 1081,
1152
coefficient, 16, 83, 101
coincident, 374
coincident lines, 475
common difference, 1178,
1217
common logarithmic function,
1031, 1059
common ratio, 1188, 1217
Commutative Property, 72
complementary angles, 393,
475
completing the square, 874,
877, 882
complex conjugate pair, 841,
849
complex fraction, 44, 83
complex number, 837, 849
complex number system, 837,
849
complex rational expression,
670, 734
composite number, 83
composition, 992, 1039
compound inequality, 187,
191, 193, 210
compound interest, 1017
conditional equation, 102, 210
consecutive even integers, 118
consecutive integers, 117
consecutive odd integers, 118
consistent and inconsistent
systems, 475
consistent system of
equations, 374
constant, 10, 83
contradiction, 103, 210
cost function, 415, 475
critical point, 723
critical point of a rational
inequality, 734
critical points, 974
D general term, 1166
degree of a constant, 488, 554
degree of a polynomial, 488,
554
degree of a term, 554
degree of the polynomial
equation, 615, 630
degree one, 615
denominator, 41, 83
determinant, 446, 475
difference of squares, 841
discount rate, 124
discriminant, 897, 932, 980
Distributive Property, 78, 795,
839
divisible, 6
divisible by a number, 83
domain, 314, 830, 831
domain of a relation, 347
double inequality, 190
E equations, 374
earthquake intensity, 1034
ellipse, 1072, 1107, 1109, 1111,
1152
equal, 10
equal sign, 101
equation, 12, 83
equivalent fractions, 41, 83
evaluate an expression, 15, 83
exponent, 12
exponential decay, 1018, 1053
exponential function, 1008,
1059
exponential growth, 1018
expression, 11, 83
extraneous solution, 818
extraneous solution to a
1349
rational equation, 682, 734
F
factorial notation, 1169, 1208
factoring, 565, 630
factoring by substitution, 586
factors, 7, 83
finite sequence, 1166, 1217
FOIL, 574, 576, 839
fraction, 41, 83
function, 317, 347, 994
G
GCF, 570, 579, 595
General Strategy for Solving
Linear Equations, 100, 106
general term of a sequence,
1217
geometric sequence, 1188,
1217
gravity, 822
greatest common factor, 566,
630
H
half-life, 1054
horizontal line, 236, 347
horizontal line test, 995
hyperbola, 1072, 1124, 1152
I
identity, 103, 210
Identity Property of Addition,
73
Identity Property of
Multiplication, 73
imaginary unit, 836, 849
inconsistent system of
infinite geometric series, 1193,
1217
infinite sequence, 1166, 1217
integers, 26, 83
intercepts of a line, 240, 347
interest, 125
interval notation, 191
inverse function, 1001
Inverse Property of Addition,
74
Inverse Property of
Multiplication, 74
irrational number, 65, 83
L
leading coefficient, 883
1350 Index

least common denominator, percent change, 123 Exponent, 554

45, 83, 105, 109 perfect square, 594, 749 Quotient to a Negative Power,
least common multiple, 9, 83 perimeter, 138, 139 507
like radicals, 791, 849 perpendicular lines, 271, 347 Quotient to a Power Property,
like terms, 16, 83 point-slope form, 281, 347 512, 554, 767
linear equation, 99, 210, 229, polynomial, 488, 554, 567
347, 420 polynomial equation, 615, 630 R
linear inequality, 295, 347 polynomial function, 492, 554 radical, 892
list price, 124 Power Property, 509, 554, 784 radical equation, 814, 849
logarithmic function, 1059 Power Property for Exponents, radical expression, 759, 805
776 radical function, 828, 849
M Power Property of Logarithms, radicand, 893
mapping, 315, 347 1041 range, 830
mark-up, 124 prime, 570, 578, 592, 605 range of a relation, 347
matrix, 433, 475 prime factorization, 8, 83 rate of interest, 125
maximum, 942 prime number, 7, 83 rational equation, 682, 734
minimum, 942 principal, 125 rational expression, 640, 648,
minor of an entry, 447 principal square root, 64, 83, 734
minor of an entry in a 3 × 3 746 rational function, 648, 734
determinant, 475 product, 565 rational inequality, 723, 734
monomial, 488, 554 Product of Binomial Squares rational number, 65, 83
multiple, 6 Pattern, 797, 840 rationalize the denominator,
multiple of a number, 83 Product of Conjugates 809, 866
multiplicative identity, 73, 83 Pattern, 809, 841 rationalizing the denominator,
multiplicative inverse , 74, 83 Product Property, 501, 508, 804, 849
554, 785 real number, 66, 83
N Product Property of reciprocal, 43, 84
natural base, 1015, 1059 Logarithms, 1039 relation, 314, 347
natural exponential function, Product Property of Roots, revenue, 415, 475
1015, 1059 759, 793 right triangle, 135
natural logarithmic function, Product to a Power, 510, 554 row-echelon form, 437, 475
1031, 1059 Product to a Power Property,
negative number, 24 S
784 scientific notation, 515
negative numbers, 83 Properties of Exponents, 518
number line, 11 sequence, 1166, 1217
Properties of Negative similar figures, 701, 734
numerator, 41, 83 Exponents, 506, 554 simple interest, 125
O proportion, 697, 734 simplified rational expression,
one-to-one, 994 Pythagorean Theorem, 136, 641, 734
one-to-one function, 1059 914 simplify an expression, 13, 84
One-to-One Property of Q solution, 98, 229
Logarithmic Equations, 1049 quadratic equation, 615, 616, solution of a linear equation in
opposite, 24, 83 618, 630, 862, 877, 884, 890, two variables, 347
order of operations, 13, 83, 970 solution of an equation, 210
764 quadratic form, 902 solution to a linear inequality,
ordered pair, 226, 347 Quadratic Formula, 890, 892, 295, 347
ordered triple, 423 896, 913, 941 solutions of a system of
origin, 226, 347 quadratic function, 923, 980 equations, 368, 475
original cost, 124 quadratic inequality, 970, 980 solutions of a system of linear
Quotient Property, 503, 504, equations with three
P variables, 475
parabola, 923, 1072, 1086, 554, 766, 771, 785
Quotient Property of solutions of the system of
1090, 1092, 1152 three linear equations with
parallel lines, 268, 347 Logarithms, 1040
Quotient Property of Radical three variables, 423
partial sum, 1171, 1217 speed, 824
Pascal’s Triangle, 1205, 1211 Expressions, 802
Quotient to a Negative square, 746
percent, 62, 83 square matrix, 446, 475

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Index 1351

square of a number, 64, 84,

849
square root, 746
square root of a number, 64,
84, 849
Square Root Property, 862,
863, 866, 874, 877
standard form, 617, 618, 849
standard form of a linear
equation, 229, 347
standard form of a
polynomial, 489, 554
summation notation, 1171
supplementary angles, 393,
475
surface area, 133
system of linear equations,
368, 475
system of linear inequalities,
460, 475
system of nonlinear
equations, 1138, 1152
systems of equations, 420
T
temperature, 133
term, 16, 84
trinomial, 488, 554, 574, 592,
686, 896
U
uniform motion, 155
union symbol, 191
V
variable, 10, 84, 101
vertex, 927, 942
vertical line, 236, 347
vertical line test, 995
volume, 132
X
x-intercept, 620
Z
Zero Exponent Property, 504,
554
zero of the function, 620, 630
Zero Product Property, 615,
618, 619, 619, 620, 630, 882,
896