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PRACTICE EXERCISE

10. Name the three components of the central1


VERY SHORT ANSWER Type Questions processing unit.
|1 Mark| Ans. Control unit (CU), Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and the
are the three components of the
What do you mean by computer? main/primary memory

Ans. is electronic device, which manipulates the CPU.


Computer an
data according to the list of instructions. 11. What is register?
Ans. Register is the internal part of the CPU which is used to
What is the difference between data and
store intermediate results obtained during the execution
information?
of instructions.
Ans. Data is the facts and figures while information is the
raw
12. Why semiconductor is used to manufacture the
meaningful content which is extracted from the data.
primary memory?
Give the name of the basic functional units of a Ans. Semiconductor is used to manufacture the primary
digital computer system. memory because of their fast access time.
Ans. Computer organisation displays the four major building
blocks of digital computer system 13. List the two basic types of RAM.
(i) Input Unit (ii) Output Unit Ans. ) Static RAM (SRAM)
(ii) Central Processing Unit (ii) Dynamic RAM (DRAM).
(iv) Memory Unit 14. Can RAM retain data when computer is
Which device is used in flight simulators? switched OFF?
Ans. Joysticks are used in flight simulators, CAD/CAM system Ans. No, RAM cannot retain data when computer is switched
etc. It is a device that moves in all directions and controls OFF because it is temporary storage.
the movement of the cursor.
15. Define static RAM.
Write about the most commonly used input Ans. Static RAM or SRAM is a type of RAM that holds the data
device. and information in static form, i.e., as long as the power
Ans. Keyboard is used to enter text information into the supply is ON.
computer. It is the most commonly used input device
which can also be used to type commands directing the
l6. Can you read and write data into ROM?
computer to perform certain actions. Ans. No, you cannot write, only read operation can be done on

Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of


ROM as it stands for Read Only Memory
OCR. 17. Name the types of ROM used in a computer
Ans. The main advantage of an OCR is the ability to scan the system.
characters accurately. The disadvantage of an OCR is
limited number of characters offered by it.
Ans. ) PROM (Programmable ROM)
(i) EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM)
Why do we use webcam? (ii) EEPROM (Electrically Erasable
programmable ROM)
Ans. A webcam is basically used for capturing a series of 18. Give one difference between
digital images that are transferred by the computer to a primary and
server and then displayed to the hosting page. secondary memory.
Ans. Primary memory is volatile in nature and has limited
What is the use of output unit? storage capacity, whereas secondary memory
Ans. Output unit converts the coded results to human non-volatile in nature and store huge amount of data.
acceptable form.
19. Name four secondary storage devices.
What do you mean by printer? Ans. (i) Floppy disk
Ans. A printer is an output device that prints information and (i) Hard disk
data from the computer onto a paper. It can
print (ii) Compact dise
documents in color as well as in black and white.
(iv) Magnetic tape.
Computer Overview
17
20. What are the two
advantages of using floppy
disks? 4. Which memory is slower among the following
memories:
Ans. ) They are quite cheap.
(ii) They allow to
() Primary Memory (ii) Secondary Memory.
copy files from one
computer to
another. Explain the slower memory.
21. Which unit is used to Ans. Secondary memory is the memory which is not directly
store information on
optical disc? accessible by the central processing unit of a
computer
system. It is non-volatile in nature and is used to store
Ans. In optical disc, information is stored in large amount of data on permanent basis.
prepared by using a laser beam. pits that are

22. Name the varieties of DVD. 5. Why we use cache memory in a computer system.
Ans. ) DVD ROM Ans. Cache memory is the reserved section of main
(i) DVD-R memory
(RAM) that is used to enhance performance of a CPU. It is
ii) DVD-RW located between the main
memory and the CPU. Cache
23. How can we read the content of memory is used to hold data and instructions that are
memory card?
Ans. Content of memory card can read transferred to and from main memory.
device having the card to your by connecting the
computer or by
using a 6. Secondary storage is also known as auxiliary
USB card reader.
memory. Explain it.
24. Define the term byte. What is the difference Ans. Secondary storage is also known
between a bit and byte? because it is
as
auxiliary memoryy
a
part of external memory and used to store
Ans. Abinary digits either 0 or 1 is called a bit. A a
large amount of data at less cost per-byte than primary
of 8 bits is called a byte and is a unit of combination memory. The secondary storage devices were used to
computer storage. overcome the problems with
25. What is the use of APU in mobile primary memory.
system? 7. Why are hard disk drives so popular?
Ans. The APU (Application Processing Unit) arose to identify Ans. Hard disk drive is the
the chips in smartphone that could run on
operating
preferred type of main storage for
system and applications software. most computer systems for three reasons
G) It provides lots of storage capacity.
26. How many types of batteries used with i) It provides fast access to files.
computer? ii) A hard disk is economical. The cost of storing a
Ans. ) CMOS Battery i) Bridge Battery megabyte is less as compare to other storage media.
(i) Main Battery You will find hard disk drives in all kinds of
devices, including personal computers, ipod classics,
digital
and any other hand-held devices.
SHORT ANSWER Type I Questions
8. What is hardware?
2 Marks| Ans. Al physical parts of the
1. Describe the types of inputs are computer is known as hardware.
given to the Computer hardware is responsible for performing four
computer. basic operations input, processing, output and storage.
Ans. Two types of inputs are These are the
tangible parts that make the computer.
given to the computer, data and Input devices, output devices, CPU, floppy disk, hard disk
instructions.
etc are examples of
Data may be in the form of numbers, characters, computer hardware.
pictures,
graphics, etc and instructions can be in the form of a SHORT ANSWER Type IIQuestions
computer program/software or it may be just a single
instruction. 13 Marks|
2. What role does memory play in the 1. Distinguish between input unit and
functioning output unit.
of computer system? Ans..
Ans. The memory of Input Unit Output Unit
computer is more like a predefined
a
It accepts the data and
working place, where it temporarily keeps data and It accepts the result
instructions from the outside produced by
information to facilitate its performance. In computer the computer.
system, memory is used to hold data and information, World
It converts the
intermediate results of processing and final results of accepted It converts the results, which are
instruction and data in computer
processing. in coded form to human readable
acceptable form. form.
3.
Why RAM is called a volatile memory? It supplies the converted
instruction It supplies the converted results to
Ans. RAM is a volatile memory that means the computer can and data to the
computer system the user.
Write to the memory and later read from it. for further processing
Two typical components of a CPU are the following
.What are the functions of Arithmetic Logic ) Arithnmetic Logie Unit (ALU) ALU performs all the
Unit (ALU)? arithmetic (+, , ', /) and logical (<, >, =, < , > 5 o
Ans. Arithmetic logicunit performs all the arithmetic and the operations. It is the place, where the actual execution
in
logical operations. i.e. all the calculations takes place takes place, during the processing operation.
this unit. Arithnmetic instructions include addition, The data and instructions, stored in memory before
subtraction, multiplication and division operations, processing are transferred as and when needed to the
while logic instructions include boolean comparisons,
The ALU, where processing takes place.
such as AND, OR, XOR and NOT operations.
has to be done are (i) Control Unit (CU) A control unit guides the flow of
numbers on which the operations
after is done then work or procedure which takes place in CPU. Control
taken from the memory and operation
the result is again sent to the memory. unit is just like a circuitry that directs operations
within the computer's processor by directing the input
3. Differentiate between volatile and non-volatile and output of a computer system.
memory. Control unit co-ordinates various operations of the computer
like,
Ans Volatile Memory Non-Volatile Memory (i) It directs the sequence of operations.
Non-volatile memory do not (ii) It interprets the instructions of a program in storage
Volatile memory needs power to
work and to keep the data in it. needs power to keep data in it. unit and produces signals to execute the instructions.

Once the power is OFF, the


Once the power is OFF, the It directs the flow of data and instructions in the
non-volatile memory does not
volatile memory loss the data computer system.
i n it. loss the datain it.
Non-volatile storage affects 3. What is mobile computing system? Explain its
Volatile storage affects system
advantages and disadvantages.
performance. storage capacity.
Ans. Refer to text on page no 13.
For example, RAM For example,ROM_
by system bus? LONG ANSWER Type II Questions
. What do you mean

Ans. Refer to text on page no. 12-13. 8 Marksl


data?
5. What is SOC? How is it different from
CPU and 1. Which memory allows only to read the

whyit is considered a better development? Explain that memory with its types?
can only be read,
Ans. Most of the major components of a mobile system a r e Ans. ROM is a type of memory that normally
is called as system o n a to RAM which can be both
read and written.
which
integrated on a single chip consists the mobile
as opposed
The two main reasons why the read-only memory is used
chip (SOC). An SOC not only
such
phone's CPU, but all the other major components for certain functions within
the PC are
moderm and
as GPU, display
video
processor, processor,
Permanent The values stored
in ROM are always there,
a functional system
other bits of silicon that turn it into whether the power is ON or not.
it's for m o r e than a CPU.
These
in a phone that is why from the PC, stored for an
to other A ROM can be removed
chips requires less power compared indefinite period of time, and then replaced,
and the data
alternatives. there. For this reason, it is called
it contains will still be
also non-volatile, for
batteries. non-volatile storage. A hard disk is
6. Explain the computer RAM is not.
no. 15. the s a m e reason, but regular
Ans. Refer to text on page ROM cannot easily be modified,
Security The fact that
against accidental (or
Type I Questions provides a m e a s u r e of security There are
LONG ANSWER malicious) changes to its
contents. no possible
affect the true ROMs.
14 Marks| ways that the
virus can
to store
most commonly used
Read only memory is
L Describe the basic operations of a computer. we want to make
available to
system-level programs that used
2. the programs that are
Ans. Refer to text on page no.
the PC at all times. It contains
and bring the operating systemn
to start up the computer
central processing unit play in is set at the factory and
2. What role does into main memory. This memory
the computer system? usually never changed.
Unit (CPU) plays vital
role in the a ROMs are of three types namely
Ans. A Central Processing termed as "brain It is
It is
Only Memory (PROM) a
functioning of a computer system. execute ) Programmable Read
its primary function is
to programmed
of a computer because chip capable of being
the CPU is the computer memory been
the PROM has
terms of computing power, But
after it has been created.
once
programs. In
element of a computer system.
most important
Computer Overview
19
programmed, the information written is
and cannot be permanent disks sealed units fixed in the cabinet. Hard disks
are

found in videochanged.
These types of memories are hold data and are faster than floppy disks.
more
game consoles, mobile
high definition multimedia interfaces. For phones and For example, A hard disk can store
anywhere from
745287. example, IC 10 to more than 100
gigabytes, whereas most
(i) ErasableProgrammable Read Only Memory floppies have a maximum storage capacity of 14
(EPROM) It is a megabytes. A single hard disk 'usually consists of
computer memory chip which the
written information on
several platters. Each platter requires two
can be
changed as
requirements. Ultraviolet light rays per
of specific read/write heads, one for each side.
frequency can be shined for All the read/write heads are attached to a single
time, which will erase the EPROMspecified
a
period of access arm, so that they cánnot move independently.
and allow it to be
reprogrammed again. Obviously this is much more Each platter has the same number of tracks, and a
useful than a
regular PROM. track location that cuts across all
platters is called a
For example, Intel's 87c257. cylinder. These hard disks are less portable then the
() floppy disks.
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory (EEPROM) It is PROM that can be erased
a
(6) Compact Disc A compact disc or CD is a small
and reprogrammed portable, round medium made of molded polymer for
using an electrical charge. It is the
most flexible type of
ROM, and is now commonly electronically recording, storing and playing back
used for holding BIOS audio, video,
text and other information in
digital
(Basic Input Output System) form.
programs. EEPROM requires 21 volts electrical
pulses for writing and erasing and 5V for read The technology was
eventually adapted and
operation. expanded to encompass data. Storage CD-ROM
For example, Intel's 2816A. (Compact disc-Read only memory), CD-R stands for
Compact Disc-Recordable (originally named CD
2. What do you mean by write-once).
secondary memory and
give a brief noteany of its two types?
on It is a write-once recordable CD media that is suitable
Ans. Secondary memory is the for creating audio or data CD
memory which is not installed
inside the computer system.
compilations
(CD-ROM).
These memories are used to store the Though a CD-RW disc can be erased and written
data, so that the
internal memory could be made free and the again, many CD players and other equipment
the computer system could be enhanced. speed of
generally perform better with CD-R media (always
This check if a CD player supports CD-RW before
secondary memory uses many memory devices you buy
it). A standard CD-R is 120 mm in diameter and
known as secondary storage devices.
Two of them are described below usually comes with a capacity of either 640 MB or
700 MB.
(a) Hard Disk Hard disk is also known as
magnetic
disk and these hard disks 3. Explain the mobile system
device ranging from 1GB
are high capacity storage organisation.
to 1 TB. Generally, hard Ans. Refer to text on page no 14-15.

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