BSCE - CE3 - SLM 3 Second Sem

Republic of the Philippines
Laguna State Polytechnic University

ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Province of Laguna
Level I Institutionally Accredited
LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)

Course CE 3 – Highway and Road Engineering
Sem/AY First Semester/2020-2021
Module No. 3
Lesson Title Design criteria for highways and railways;
Structural Design of railways and pavements
Week
8-11
Duration
Date
Geometric design for highways and railways including cross sections, horizontal and
Description vertical alignments, super-elevation and earthworks
of the
Lesson
Learning Outcomes
Intended Students should be able to meet the following intended learning outcomes:
Learning  To define terms under design criteria for highway and railways.
Outcomes  To understand design criteria for highway and railways
Targets/ At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Objectives  Define terms under design criteria for highway and railways
 Understanding design criteria for highway and railways
Student Learning Strategies
Online Activities A. Online Discussion via Google Meet

(Synchronous/ You will be directed to attend in a one-hour and 30 minutes class
discussion on module 3. To have access to the online discussion, refer to
Asynchronous) this link: ____________________.
The online discussion will happen on November 5, 2020, from 9:00-

12:30 PM. Wed & Thurs
(For further instructions, refer to your Google Classroom and see the
schedule of activities for this module)
LSPU SELF-PACED LEARNING MODULE: Design Criteria for Highway and Railways
Province of Laguna
B. Learning Guide Questions:

1. Definition of terms
2. Design criteria
Note: The insight that you will post on online discussion forum using Learning Management
System (LMS) will receive additional scores in class participation.
Offline Activities
(e-Learning/Self- Lecture Guide
Paced)
Film showing
Top 4 eng’g projects
How modern highways are built
Definition of terms:
AASTHO is the American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials. Engineering activities were implemented by the
standing committees with the task of preparing specifications manual and
standards, representing the current highway engineering practice.
AASHTO publications includes

1. Transportation Materials Specifications and Test
2. Specifications for highway bridges
3. Geometric design standards
4. Numerous policy statement and guides
Local Road is defined as street or road primarily for access to residence,

business, or other adjoining properties. It is also defined as a road constructed
and maintained by the local government.
Highway Capacity is defined as the maximum number of vehicles that are

reasonably expected to pass a given point over a given period of time usually
expressed as vehicle per hour.
AADT or ADT refers to the traffic volume or flow on a highway as

measured by the number of vehicles passing a partial station during a given
interval of time. It is called “Average Annual Daily Traffic” if the period is less
than one year. Volume may be stated on hourly “Observed Traffic Volume” or
estimated 30th hour.
Volume commonly used for design purposes. Some highway agencies

use traffic volume for 5 minutes interval to distinguish short peak movements
Province of Laguna
of vehicles.
Basic considers in Planning Arterial Roadways
1. Selection of the routes.

2. Studies of the traffic volume.
3. Origin and destination.
4. Accident experienced.
5. Width should not be less than 15 meters.
6. Must carry at least one lane of traffic in each direction.
7. Should be at least one kilometer in length.
8. Should skirt neighborhood areas rather than penetrate them.
9. On grid design system streets, arterials are spaced at about 600 to 900
meters apart.
10. Where accident hazard is not a factor, the minimum volume to justify
arterial road is 300 vehicles per average hour during the day, and 450
vehicles hourly during peak periods.
Sometimes, peak hour traffic volume on designated arterial road exceeds

the capacity of two-way streets, and to increase the arterial capacity, the
following solutions are enforced:
1. During peak hours, parking is prohibited on one or both sides of the

street.
2. Parking is prohibited several meters away from each side of the road
intersections or corners.
3. Right turn is allowed on red signals any time with care.
4. Left turns are eliminated on congested intersections.
5. The direction of traffic is reversed in the center lane to provide more
lanes in the direction of heavier traffic flow.
Collector Street form smaller mesh grid pattern where passengers are pick
up from service streets and carried to the arterials. Large commercial
enterprises or amusement facilities like drive in theaters are mostly fronting
arterial roads.
There is an obvious relationship between vehicle speed and highway

capacity. As the volume of traffic approaches capacity, the average speed is
markedly reduced.
1. Under the ideal conditions, one freeway lane can be accommodated

about 2,000 cars per hour.
Province of Laguna
2. Two-lane road carry up to 1,000 passenger cars per hour in each
direction.
THE DESIGN SPEED
There is no single set of Geometric Standards that will apply to all

highways. For every highway segment, decisions regarding appropriate control
for each of the many details or requirements must be addressed individually or
separately.
AASHTO defined Design Speed as:
“The speed determined for design and correlation of the physical features of
a highway that influence vehicles operation. It is the maximum speed that can be
maintained over as specified section of the highway when weather and traffic
conditions are so favorable that the design features of the highway govern”.
Basic Design Features refers to the tightness and super elevation of

curves, the sight distance, and grade. The design speed is basically higher than
the anticipated average speed. AASHTO recommend that:
“The design speed be set to the greatest degree possible, to satisfy the needs
of nearly all drivers both today and throughout the road anticipated life”.
Selection of the proper road design speed is one of the most important
decisions to make, because it set the limit to curvature, sight distance and other
geometric features. But because of limited funds, there is a strong temptation
to reduce the design speed. Unfortunately, using this strategy, the alignment
grade and sight distance after the road way has been constructed and paved
along the landscape and rights of way, become more difficult and expensive to
adjust or to correct.
The AASHTO practice is to classify first the highway as Rural or Urban,

then as Freeway, Arterials, Collectors and Local. Rural collectors and local
facilities are classified as flat, rolling or mountainous.
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Performance Tasks
PT 1
Directions:
After understanding the lesson, familiarized the definition of terms. Gather other pictures
pertaining to arterial roads, shoulders, freeway entrance and exit. (2 pic each)
Province of Laguna
Understanding Directed Assess

Rubric for Designing Lesson Plan (PT 1 )
Learning Resources
Fajardo, Max B. Jr., Elements of Roads and Highways, 2nd Edition, Philippine Copyright
https://ph.video.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?fr=yhs-iba-1&hsimp=yhs-
1&hspart=iba&p=video+of+road+construction&_guc_consent_skip=1606975262#id=77&vid=cf8a
0a7c8c21793430dd0c5e070b8029&action=view
https://ph.video.search.yahoo.com/yhs/search?fr=yhs-iba-1&hsimp=yhs-
1&hspart=iba&p=video+of+road+construction&_guc_consent_skip=1606975262#id=1&vid=c623
084176289ecf29ebcdf34383963c&action=view
Prepared by:
Engr. Revelina C. Ansay

COE Faculty, LSPU-Sta. Cruz Campus

BSCE - CE3 - SLM 3 Second Sem

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Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

LSPU Self-Paced Learning Module (SLM)

Student Learning Strategies

Online Activities A. Online Discussion via Google Meet

The online discussion will happen on November 5, 2020, from 9:00-

B. Learning Guide Questions:

AASHTO publications includes

Local Road is defined as street or road primarily for access to residence,

Highway Capacity is defined as the maximum number of vehicles that are

AADT or ADT refers to the traffic volume or flow on a highway as

Volume commonly used for design purposes. Some highway agencies

Basic considers in Planning Arterial Roadways

1. Selection of the routes.

Sometimes, peak hour traffic volume on designated arterial road exceeds

1. During peak hours, parking is prohibited on one or both sides of the

There is an obvious relationship between vehicle speed and highway

1. Under the ideal conditions, one freeway lane can be accommodated

THE DESIGN SPEED

There is no single set of Geometric Standards that will apply to all

AASHTO defined Design Speed as:

Basic Design Features refers to the tightness and super elevation of

The AASHTO practice is to classify first the highway as Rural or Urban,

Understanding Directed Assess

Engr. Revelina C. Ansay

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