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{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang31 \langnp31 \
langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \tab }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang31 \langnp31 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \tab }{\
fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang31 \langnp31 \
langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 }{\
langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 1.Bu b}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \uc1 \
u246 ?lgede devle}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 t }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \
ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \
langfenp2052 \alang1 kurumunun}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 }{\fs24 \rtlch \
alang1
\ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \
langfenp2052 \alang1 ve}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \
f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 }{\fs24 \rtlch \
alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \
langfenp2052 \alang1 kamu y\uc1 \u246 ?netimi}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 }
{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 te\uc1 \u351 ?kilat\uc1 \u305 ?n\uc1 \
u305 ?n ortaya \uc1 \u231 ?\uc1 \u305 ?kmas\uc1 \u305 ?na rol}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1
\ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \
langfenp2052 \alang1 }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 oynayan iki \uc1 \u246 ?
nemli etken bulunmaktad\uc1 \u305 ?r: Co\uc1 \u287 ?rafi}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 alan\uc1 \u305 ?n \uc1 \
u246 ?zelli\uc1 \u287 ?i ve sosyal boyut. \uc1 \u214 ?zellikle farkl\uc1 \u305 ? k\
uc1 \u252 ?lt\uc1 \u252 ?r ve medeniyetlerin bulu\uc1 \u351 ?ma ve}{\fs24 \rtlch \
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 kayna\uc1 \u351 ?ma yeri
olan bu b\uc1 \u246 ?lgede halk\uc1 \u305 ?n }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1
ortak }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 sorunlara kolektif yakla\uc1 \u351 ?ma
zorunlulu\uc1 \u287 ?u, s\uc1 \u252 ?rekli bir idari yap\uc1 \u305 ?lanman\uc1 \
u305 ?n olu\uc1 \u351 ?mas\uc1 \u305 ?na katk\uc1 \u305 ? yapm\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \
u351 ?t\uc1 \u305 ?r. Bu b\uc1 \u246 ?lge kavimlerinin sahip oldu\uc1 \u287 ?u
ruhsal ve mitik k\uc1 \u246 ?kenli y\uc1 \u246 ?netim anlay\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \
u351 ?\uc1 \u305 ? (hiyerokrasi) da, \uc1 \u8220 ?evrende d\uc1 \u252 ?zeni sa\
uc1 \u287 ?layan Tanr\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u8217 ?n\uc1 \u305 ?n yery\uc1 \u252 ?z\
uc1 \u252 ?ndeki yans\uc1 \u305 ?mas\uc1 \u305 ? olan devlet ve devlet kurumlar\uc1
\u305 ?\uc1 \u8221 ?n\uc1 \u305 ?n olu\uc1 \u351 ?mas\uc1 \u305 ?na psikolojik
destekte bulunmu\uc1 \u351 ?tur. }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1
}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033
\langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 M\uc1 \u305 ?s\uc1 \u305 ?r uygarl\uc1 \u305 ?\
uc1 \u287 ?\uc1 \u305 ? Nil nehrinin varl\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u287 ?\uc1 \u305 ? ile \
uc1 \u351 ?ekillenmi\uc1 \u351 ?se,}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 }{\fs24 \
rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \
langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 Mezopotamya}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1
da}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 Dicle}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \
dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \
alang1 }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 ve F\uc1 \u305 ?rat nehirlerinin
sulad\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u287 ?\uc1 \u305 ? topraklar\uc1 \u305 ?n \uc1 \u252 ?r\
uc1 \u252 ?n\uc1 \u252 ? olan bir medeniyettir. Co\uc1 \u287 ?rafya ve}{\fs24 \
langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 tarih birli\
uc1 \u287 ?i yapan bu iki medeniyet merkezindeki sosyo-k\uc1 \u252 ?lt\uc1 \u252 ?
rel hayat\uc1 \u305 ?n do\uc1 \u287 ?u\uc1 \u351 ?u ile}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 kurumsal ve y\uc1 \u246 ?
netimsel geli\uc1 \u351 ?me de \uc1 \u246 ?nemli \uc1 \u246 ?l\uc1 \u231 ?\uc1 \
u252 ?de bu nehirlere ba\uc1 \u287 ?l\uc1 \u305 ? olarak; nehir}{\fs24 \rtlch \
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 kaynakl\uc1 \u305 ? sulama
projelerinin merkezi kontrol ihtiyac\uc1 \u305 ?ndan do\uc1 \u287 ?mu\uc1 \u351 ?
tur. Hayat\uc1 \u305 ?n sulamaya ba\uc1 \u287 ?l\uc1 \u305 ? oldu\uc1 \u287 ?u,
ancak d\uc1 \u252 ?nyan\uc1 \u305 ?n geri kalan b\uc1 \u246 ?l\uc1 \u252 ?m\uc1 \
u252 ?n\uc1 \u252 ?n aksine, \uc1 \u231 ?oktan kentle\uc1 \u351 ?mi\uc1 \u351 ? bu
tar\uc1 \u305 ?m toplumlar\uc1 \u305 ?nda sulamal\uc1 \u305 ? tar\uc1 \u305 ?m\
uc1 \u305 ?n g\uc1 \u252 ?\uc1 \u231 ?l\uc1 \u252 ?\uc1 \u287 ?\uc1 \u252 ?
merkezile\uc1 \u351 ?mi\uc1 \u351 ? bir iktidar\uc1 \u305 ?}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \
\lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 gerekli k\uc1 \u305 ?
lmaktayd\uc1 \u305 ?}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 . }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \
langfenp2052 \alang1 \tab }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch
\f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \tab }{\fs24 \rtlch \
langfenp2052 \alang1 }{\fs24
\rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \tab }
langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \tab }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \
alang1 \tab }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055
\langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \tab }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \
alang1 2. Modern devletin bug}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \uc1 \u252 ?
ne kadar tarihsel olarak be\uc1 \u351 ? a\uc1 \u351 ?amadan ge\uc1 \u231 ?}{\fs24 \
langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 mi\uc1 \u351 ?tir. }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \
alang1 Geleneksel devletler ve imparatorluklar, feodalizm, z\uc1 \u252 ?mreler,
mutlak\uc1 \u305 ?yet ve modern devlet. Bunlara son bir a\uc1 \u351 ?ama daha
ekleyebiliriz: 1980 sonras\uc1 \u305 ?n\uc1 \u305 ?n devleti; yani tam da i\uc1 \
u231 ?inde bulundu\uc1 \u287 ?umuz zamanlar.}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \
af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \
tab }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \tab }{\fs24 \rtlch \
\f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 Geleneksel devlet
ve \uc1 \u304 ?mparatorluklar, Genellikle kral, sultan ya da padi\uc1 \u351 ?ah
olarak vas\uc1 \u305 ?fland\uc1 \u305 ?r\uc1 \u305 ?lan bir ki\uc1 \u351 ?i taraf\
uc1 \u305 ?ndan y}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \uc1 \u246 ?netilen ve
egemen devlet anlay\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \u305 ?na dayal\uc1 \u305 ? olan
devletlere}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \
langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 denir. Feodalite pazar ekonomisinin
uzun uyku d}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \uc1 \u246 ?nemine; z\uc1 \
u252 ?mreler sistemi pazar ekonomisinin yeniden do\uc1 \u287 ?u\uc1 \u351 ?una;
mutlak\uc1 \u305 ?yet liberalizmin krala ta\uc1 \u231 ? giydiri\uc1 \u351 ?ine;
modern devlet pazar\uc1 \u305 ?n ulusalla\uc1 \u351 ?t\uc1 \u305 ?r\uc1 \u305 ?}{\
langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 l}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 mas\uc1 \u305
?na ve doygunlu\uc1 \u287 ?a ula\uc1 \u351 ?mas\uc1 \u305 ?na; 1980 sonras\uc1 \
u305 ? devlet ise pazar\uc1 \u305 ?n uluslararas\uc1 \u305 ?la\uc1 \u351 ?t\uc1 \
u305 ?r\uc1 \u305 ?lmas\uc1 \u305 ?na kar\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \u305 ?l\uc1 \u305 ?k
gelmektedir.}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055
alang1 }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \
alang1 3. Enderun Mektebi: Fatih Sultan
Mehmet'in kurdu\uc1 \u287 ?u Osmanl\uc1 \u305 ? Devleti'ne idari, m}{\fs24 \rtlch \
langfenp2052 \alang1 \uc1 \u252 ?}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 lki,
diplomatik ve di\uc1 \u287 ?er }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \uc1 \u246 ?}
langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 nemli kadrolar\uc1 \u305 ?n yeti\uc1 \
u351 ?tirildi\uc1 \u287 ?i ve }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \uc1 \u246 ?}{\
langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \uc1 \u287 ?rencilerin dev\uc1 \u351 ?irme sistemi
ile se}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \uc1 \u231 ?}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \
langfenp2052 \alang1 ildi\uc1 \u287 ?i bu mektep d}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \
alang1 \uc1 \u252 ?}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 nyan\uc1 \u305 ?n ilk kamu
y}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1033 \
langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \uc1 \u246 ?}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \
langfenp2052 \alang1 netimi okuludur.
}{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055
\langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \tab }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \
hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \tab }
alang1 4. Halk, \uc1 \u246 ?rg\uc1 \u252 ?t, kamu politikas\uc1 \
u305 ?, norm d\uc1 \u252 ?zeni, mali kaynak, kamu g\uc1 \u246 ?revlileri belirli
ama\uc1 \u231 ?lar\uc1 \u305 ? ger\uc1 \u231 ?ekle\uc1 \u351 ?tirmek i\uc1 \u231 ?
in i\uc1 \u351 ?birli\uc1 \u287 ?i i\uc1 \u231 ?inde y\uc1 \u252 ?r\uc1 \u252 ?t\
uc1 \u252 ?len birtak\uc1 \u305 ?m faaliyetlerden olu\uc1 \u351 ?ur. Kamu y\uc1 \
u246 ?netiminin temel \uc1 \u246 ?\uc1 \u287 ?eleri, insan, grup, etkileme ve ama\
uc1 \u231 ?lar\uc1 \u305 ? ger\uc1 \u231 ?ekle\uc1 \u351 ?tirme s\uc1 \u252 ?
recidir. }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \
alang1
\tab }{\fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \
alang1 5. Kamu y\uc1 \u246 ?netimi disiplisini, Almanya\
uc1 \u8217 ?da ortaya \uc1 \u231 ?\uc1 \u305 ?kan kameral bilimler}{\rtlch \fcs1 \
af4 \afs22 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs22 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4
\chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 ve}{\rtlch
\fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1
Fransa\uc1 \u8217 ?da Charles Jean Bonnin\uc1 \u8217 ?in \uc1 \u231 ?al\uc1 \
u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?malar\uc1 \u305 ?yla \uc1 \u351 ?ekillenmeye ba\uc1 \u351 ?lam\
uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?t\uc1 \u305 ?r. Daha sonra ABD\uc1 \u8217 ?de Woodrow
Wilson\uc1 \u8217 ?un Kamu Y\uc1 \u246 ?netiminin Bilimselle\uc1 \u351 ?tirilmesi}
{\rtlch \fcs1 \af4 \afs22 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs22 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich
\af4 \loch \f4 \chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \
cf1 }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4
\hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \
alang1 \cf1 adl\uc1 \u305 ? makalesi kamusal y\uc1 \u246 ?netim alan\uc1 \u305 ?nda
yeni bir \uc1 \u231 ?a\uc1 \u287 ? ba\uc1 \u351 ?latm\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?t\
uc1 \u305 ?r. Bu d\uc1 \u246 ?nemde kamu y\uc1 \u246 ?netimi, \uc1 \u246 ?zellikle
ABD\uc1 \u8217 ?de h\uc1 \u305 ?zla geli\uc1 \u351 ?mi\uc1 \u351 ?tir ve buna ba\
uc1 \u287 ?l\uc1 \u305 ? olarak \uc1 \u252 ?niversitelerde kamu y\uc1 \u246 ?netimi
b\uc1 \u246 ?l\uc1 \u252 ?mleri a\uc1 \u231 ?\uc1 \u305 ?lm\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?
t\uc1 \u305 ?r. G\uc1 \u252 ?n\uc1 \u252 ?m\uc1 \u252 ?zde d\uc1 \u252 ?nya
genelinde kamu y\uc1 \u246 ?netimi disiplini, bir\uc1 \u231 ?ok \uc1 \u252 ?
niversitede lisans ve lisans\uc1 \u252 ?st\uc1 \u252 ? programlar\uc1 \u305 ? ile \
uc1 \u246 ?\uc1 \u287 ?retilmektedir. Woodrow Wilson, 1887 y\uc1 \u305 ?l\uc1 \u305
?nda yay\uc1 \u305 ?mlanan The Study of Administration isimli \uc1 \u231 ?al\uc1 \
u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?mas\uc1 \u305 ?yla kamu y\uc1 \u246 ?netiminin disiplinin ayr\uc1
\u305 ? bir alan olarak ele al\uc1 \u305 ?nmas\uc1 \u305 ?nda \uc1 \u246 ?nc\uc1 \
u252 ? olarak kabul edilir. ABD\uc1 \u8217 ?de kamu y\uc1 \u246 ?netiminin ba\uc1 \
u287 ?\uc1 \u305 ?ms\uc1 \u305 ?z bir disiplin olarak kabul edilmesinde Woodrow
Wilson ve Frank Goodnow\uc1 \u8217 ?un katk\uc1 \u305 ?lar\uc1 \u305 ? b\uc1 \
u252 ?y\uc1 \u252 ?kt\uc1 \u252 ?r. Woodrow Wilson\uc1 \u8217 ?\uc1 \u305 ?n \uc1 \
u304 ?darenin \uc1 \u304 ?ncelenmesi isimli \uc1 \u231 ?al\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?
mas\uc1 \u305 ?, ABD\uc1 \u8217 ?de kamu y\uc1 \u246 ?netimi alan\uc1 \u305 ?nda
yaz\uc1 \u305 ?lan ilk makale olarak kabul edilir. Bu \uc1 \u231 ?al\uc1 \u305 ?\
uc1 \u351 ?ma, y\uc1 \u246 ?netimin siyasetten ayr\uc1 \u305 ? bir disiplin olarak
incelenmesinin ba\uc1 \u351 ?lang\uc1 \u305 ?c\uc1 \u305 ? olarak kabul edilir.
Wilson\uc1 \u8217 ?\uc1 \u305 ?n bu makalesi, modern kamu y\uc1 \u246 ?netiminin
ortaya \uc1 \u231 ?\uc1 \u305 ?k\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \u305 ?na da \uc1 \
u246 ?nayak olmu\uc1 \u351 ?tur. \uc1 \u304 ?darenin incelenmesi adl\uc1 \u305 ? \
uc1 \u231 ?al\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?ma, Frank Johnson Goodnow\uc1 \u8217 ?un da
etkisiyle kaleme al\uc1 \u305 ?nm\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?t\uc1 \u305 ?r.
}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af4 \afs22 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs22 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \
hich \af4 \loch \f4 \chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \
alang1 \cf1 }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \
afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 }{\rtlch
\fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af0 \
loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 \
tab }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \
af4 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052
\alang1 \cf1 \tab }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \
ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \
langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 \tab }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \
fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \
lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 \tab }{\rtlch \fcs1 \
\chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 \tab }{\
rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \
af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \
cf1 \tab }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \
dbch \af4 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \
langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 \tab }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch
\alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \
langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af4 \afs22 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs22 \
rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af4 \loch \f4 \chcbpat17 \lang1055 \
langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 6. }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \
ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 \uc1 \u304 ?
lk defa 1745\uc1 \u8217 ?te Frans\uc1 \u305 ?z fizyokrat ve iktisat\uc1 \u231 ?\uc1
\u305 ? Vincet De Gournay taraf\uc1 \u305 ?ndan kullan\uc1 \u305 ?lm\uc1 \u305 ?\
uc1 \u351 ?t\uc1 \u305 ?r. B\uc1 \u252 ?rolar\uc1 \u305 ?n iktidar\uc1 \u305 ?
anlam\uc1 \u305 ?na gelmektedir. Max Weber\uc1 \u8217 ?in b\uc1 \u252 ?rokrasi
kavram\uc1 \u305 ?n\uc1 \u305 ?n ad\uc1 \u305 ? \uc1 \u304 ?deal Tip\uc1 \u8217 ?
tir.1900\uc1 \u8217 ?l\uc1 \u252 ? y\uc1 \u305 ?llar\uc1 \u305 ?n ba\uc1 \u351 ?
lar\uc1 \u305 ?nda yaz\uc1 \u305 ?lm\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?t\uc1 \u305 ?r. B\uc1 \
u252 ?rokrasiyi bir \uc1 \u246 ?rg\uc1 \u252 ?tlenme ve y\uc1 \u246 ?netim bi\uc1 \
u231 ?imi olarak ele alm\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?t\uc1 \u305 ?r. \uc1 \u304 ?\uc1 \
u351 ?b\uc1 \u246 ?l\uc1 \u252 ?m\uc1 \u252 ?, otorite, hiyerar\uc1 \u351 ?i,
dosyalama, yaz\uc1 \u305 ?l\uc1 \u305 ? kurallar, gayri\uc1 \u351 ?ahsilik,
disipline olmu\uc1 \u351 ? bir yap\uc1 \u305 ? ve resmi pozisyonlardan olu\uc1 \
u351 ?an bir \uc1 \u246 ?rg\uc1 \u252 ?t olarak ele am\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?t\uc1
\u305 ?r. Bu y\uc1 \u252 ?zden b\uc1 \u252 ?rokrasi rasyonel bir y\uc1 \u246 ?netim
\uc1 \u351 ?eklidir. }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \
cf1 }{\rtlch \
fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af0 \
langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 \tab }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24
\ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 \tab }{\
lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 7. Geleneksel
kamu y\uc1 \u246 ?netimi anlay\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \u305 ?, y\uc1 \u246 ?
netimin merkeziyet\uc1 \u231 ?i ve hantal yap\uc1 \u305 ?s\uc1 \u305 ?na sahiptir.
Yeni kamu y\uc1 \u246 ?netimi anlay\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \u305 ? ise y\uc1 \
u246 ?netiminin organizasyonu ve i\uc1 \u351 ?leyi\uc1 \u351 ?inde piyasalar ve
toplumla ili\uc1 \u351 ?kilerinde yenilik\uc1 \u231 ?i bir yakla\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \
u305 ?m sergilemektedir. Geleneksel kamu y\uc1 \u246 ?netiminde y\uc1 \u246 ?
neticiler, d\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?sal etkikerden uzak ve etkin bir bi\uc1 \u231 ?
imde kurumsal etkinlikleri s\uc1 \u252 ?rd\uc1 \u252 ?rmeye, siyaseten belirlenen
hedefleri ger\uc1 \u231 ?ekle\uc1 \u351 ?tirmey, formalite, kural ve normlar\uc1 \
u305 ? eksiksiz uygulamaya \uc1 \u231 ?al\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?maktad\uc1 \u305 ?
r. Y\uc1 \u246 ?neticlerin eylem alan\uc1 \u305 ? ya da takdir yetkileri olduk\
uc1 \u231 ?a daralt\uc1 \u305 ?lm\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?t\uc1 \u305 ?r.Yeni kamu
y\uc1 \u246 ?netimi anlay\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \u305 ?nda kamunun
denetlenebilir, yap\uc1 \u305 ?lan i\uc1 \u351 ?lerde \uc1 \u351 ?effafl\uc1 \
u305 ?k ve etkin kamu hizmeti k\uc1 \u252 ?lt\uc1 \u252 ?r\uc1 \u252 ? ile
personelin daha etkin, insiyatif alan ki\uc1 \u351 ?iler taraf\uc1 \u305 ?ndan ger\
uc1 \u231 ?ekle\uc1 \u351 ?mesi anlay\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \u305 ?d\uc1 \
u305 ?r. }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \
\chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 8.
Yeni kamu i\uc1 \u351 ?letmecili\uc1 \u287 ?i, geleneksel kamu y\uc1 \u246 ?netimi
kuram ve uygulamalar\uc1 \u305 ?n\uc1 \u305 ?n yol a\uc1 \u231 ?t\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \
u287 ?\uc1 \u305 ? sorunlara getirdi\uc1 \u287 ?i ele\uc1 \u351 ?tirilerle \uc1 \
u351 ?ekillenmi\uc1 \u351 ?tir. Bu yakla\uc1 \u351 ?am\uc1 \u305 ?n ortaya \uc1 \
u231 ?\uc1 \u305 ?k\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \u305 ? 1980\uc1 \u8217 ?lerde \uc1
\u304 ?ngiltere ve Yeni Zelanda\uc1 \u8217 ?da Thatcher ve Lange h\uc1 \u252 ?k\uc1
\u252 ?metleri taraf\uc1 \u305 ?ndan benimsenmi\uc1 \u351 ?tir. YK\uc1 \u304 ?
yakla\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \u305 ?m\uc1 \u305 ?, \uc1 \u246 ?ncelikle kamu hizmetlerinin
daha etkili ve verimli bir \uc1 \u351 ?ekilde sunulmas\uc1 \u305 ? amac\uc1 \u305 ?
yla ortaya \uc1 \u231 ?\uc1 \u305 ?km\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?t\uc1 \u305 ?r. Bu
ama\uc1 \u231 ? do\uc1 \u287 ?rultusunda YK\uc1 \u304 ?\uc1 \u8217 ?nin getirdi\uc1
\u287 ?i yenilikler aras\uc1 \u305 ?nda perfonmans \uc1 \u246 ?l\uc1 \u231 ?\uc1 \
u252 ?m\uc1 \u252 ?, rekabet, \uc1 \u246 ?zerklik ve \uc1 \u246 ?zelle\uc1 \u351 ?
tirme yer almaktad\uc1 \u305 ?r. Ayr\uc1 \u305 ?ca YK\uc1 \u304 ? ile birlikte kamu
y\uc1 \u246 ?netimi daha esnek, m\uc1 \u252 ?\uc1 \u351 ?teri odakl\uc1 \u305 ? ve
sonu\uc1 \u231 ? odakl\uc1 \u305 ? hale gelmi\uc1 \u351 ?tir. }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \
\chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 9.
Merkezden y\uc1 \u246 ?netim: Siyasi merkezden y\uc1 \u246 ?netim, \uc1 \u304 ?dari
merkezden y\uc1 \u246 ?netim Yerinden y\uc1 \u246 ?netim: Siyasi yerinden
y\uc1 \u246 ?netim, \uc1 \u304 ?dari yerinden y\uc1 \u246 ?netim: Fonksiyonel
yerinden y\uc1 \u246 ?netim, Co\uc1 \u287 ?rafi yerinden y\uc1 \u246 ?netim. Siyasi
yerinden y\uc1 \u246 ?netim; \uc1 \u231 ?oklu egemenlik, \uc1 \u231 ?ok
merkezlilik, \uc1 \u231 ?oklu hukuk sistemi, ba\uc1 \u287 ?\uc1 \u305 ?ms\uc1 \u305
?zl\uc1 \u305 ?k, \uc1 \u246 ?zerklik temelinde e\uc1 \u351 ?it devletli yap\uc1 \
u305 ?lar, federasyon. \uc1 \u304 ?dari yerinden y\uc1 \u246 ?netim; yerel
nitelikli kamu hizmetleriyle iktisadi, sosyal, bilimsel, k\uc1 \u252 ?lt\uc1 \
u252 ?rel birtak\uc1 \u305 ?m hizmetlerin merkezi y\uc1 \u246 ?netimli hiyerar\
uc1 \u351 ?ik yap\uc1 \u305 ?s\uc1 \u305 ? d\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \u305 ?nda
ayr\uc1 \u305 ? kamu t\uc1 \u252 ?zel ki\uc1 \u351 ?iliklerine sahip kurulu\uc1 \
u351 ?larla y\uc1 \u252 ?r\uc1 \u252 ?t\uc1 \u252 ?lmesidir. Siyasi yerinden y\
uc1 \u246 ?netim yap\uc1 \u305 ?s\uc1 \u305 ? bak\uc1 \u305 ?m\uc1 \u305 ?yla \
uc1 \u252 ?nitere ters ama federal i\uc1 \u231 ?in uygundur. Idari yerinden y\uc1 \
u246 ?netim ise federal devlet anlaqy\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \u305 ?naq
terstir ama \uc1 \u252 ?niter devlet anlay\uc1 \u305 ?\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \u305 ?na
uyum sa\uc1 \u287 ?lar.}{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1
\ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052
\langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 \tab }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \
rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \chcbpat17 \lang1055 \
langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 \tab }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \
ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
cf1 10. Merkezi y\uc1 \u246 ?netim; merkeziyet, g\uc1 \u252 ?\uc1 \u231 ?,
iktidar ve otoritenin belirli bir merkezi kurumda ya da odakta yo\uc1 \u287 ?unla\
uc1 \u351 ?mas\uc1 \u305 ?na dayanan y\uc1 \u246 ?netim usul\uc1 \u252 ?. Yerinden
y\uc1 \u246 ?netim; mahalli nitelikteki kamu hizmet ve faaliyetleri ile teknik baz\
uc1 \u305 ? hizmet ve faaliyetlerin merkezi idareden al\uc1 \u305 ?narak ayr\uc1 \
u305 ? kamu t\uc1 \u252 ?zel ki\uc1 \u351 ?ilerine verilmesidir. Merkezdeki y\uc1 \
u246 ?netimin siyasi ve idari a\uc1 \u231 ?\uc1 \u305 ?dan g\uc1 \u252 ?\uc1 \
u231 ?lenmesini sa\uc1 \u287 ?lar, y\uc1 \u246 ?netimde birlik ve beraberli\uc1 \
u287 ?i sa\uc1 \u287 ?lar. Ekonomik ve sosyal kalk\uc1 \u305 ?nman\uc1 \u305 ?n b\
uc1 \u246 ?lgeler aras\uc1 \u305 ?nda dengeli bir \uc1 \u351 ?ekilde y\uc1 \u252 ?
r\uc1 \u252 ?t\uc1 \u252 ?lmesini sa\uc1 \u287 ?lar. Ama ayn\uc1 \u305 ? zamanda b\
uc1 \u252 ?rokrasi ve k\uc1 \u305 ?rtasiyecili\uc1 \u287 ?e yol a\uc1 \u231 ?ar.
Zaman kayb\uc1 \u305 ?na yol a\uc1 \u231 ?ar ve hizmetler gecikerek y\uc1 \u252 ?r\
uc1 \u252 ?t\uc1 \u252 ?l\uc1 \u252 ?r. Teknik personel s\uc1 \u305 ?k\uc1 \u305 ?
nt\uc1 \u305 ?s\uc1 \u305 ?na yol a\uc1 \u231 ?ar, yerel ihtiya\uc1 \u231 ?lar
yeterince dikkate al\uc1 \u305 ?namaz. Yerinden y\uc1 \u246 ?netimde ise temel kamu
hizmetleri yetkililer ve uzmanlar taraf\uc1 \u305 ?ndan gecikme olmadan ger\uc1 \
u231 ?ekle\uc1 \u351 ?ir. \uc1 \u199 ?o\uc1 \u287 ?ulcu bir y\uc1 \u246 ?netim \uc1
\u351 ?ekli olan demokrasi ile uyumludur. Halk, b\uc1 \u252 ?rokratik engellerle
kar\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \u305 ?la\uc1 \u351 ?madan hizmet al\uc1 \u305 ?r ve ald\uc1 \
u305 ?\uc1 \u287 ?\uc1 \u305 ? hizmetler kesintiye u\uc1 \u287 ?ramaz. Ama \uc1 \
u252 ?lke b\uc1 \u252 ?t\uc1 \u252 ?nl\uc1 \u252 ?\uc1 \u287 ?\uc1 \u252 ?n\uc1 \
u252 ?n sars\uc1 \u305 ?lmas\uc1 \u305 ?na neden olur. \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \
tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab
\tab \tab \tab \tab KAYNAK\uc1 \u199 ?A
A\uc1 \u287 ?ao\uc1 \u287 ?ullar\uc1 \u305 ?, M. A. (2002). Kent Devletlerinden \
uc1 \u304 ?mparatorlu\uc1 \u287 ?a. Ankara: \uc1 \u304 ?mge (\uc1 \u220 ?\uc1 \u231
?\uc1 \u252 ?nc\uc1 \u252 ? bask\uc1 \u305 ?). \tab \tab \tab \tab
\tab Frangipane, Marcella (2002). Yak\uc1 \u305 ?ndao\uc1 \u287 ?uda devletin do\
uc1 \u287 ?u\uc1 \u351 ?u. (\uc1 \u199 ?eviri: Z. Z. \uc1 \u304 ?lkgelen.) \uc1 \
u304 ?stanbul: Arkeoloji Ve Sanat Yay\uc1 \u305 ?nlar\uc1 \u305 ?.\tab \tab \tab \
tab \tab G\uc1 \u246 ?ze, Ayferi (1995). Siyasal D\uc1 \u252 ?\uc1 \u351 ?\uc1 \
u252 ?nceler Ve Y\uc1 \u246 ?netimler, \uc1 \u304 ?stanbul: Beta (Yedinci Bask\
uc1 \u305 ?). ( Huot vd, 2000: 6) }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \
langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf1 \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab \tab }{\rtlch \
fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af0 \
cf1 \tab }{\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24
\ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \
cf13 \par }\pard \plain \s16 \li0 \ri0 \sb0 \sa0 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \widctlpar \
aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \
lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af0 \afs24 \
ltrch \fcs0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang1055 \
langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \par }\pard \plain \s16 \li440 \ri0 \
sb80 \sa540 \sbauto0 \saauto0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin440 \
rin0 \itap0 \fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \
langfenp2052 \alang1 {\rtlch \fcs1 \af5 \afs21 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs21 \rtlch \alang1 \
langfenp2052 \alang1 \cf13 \par }\pard \plain \s16 \li440 \ri0 \sb80 \sa540 \
sbauto0 \saauto0 \widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin440 \rin0 \itap0 \
fs24 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \lang1033 \langnp1033 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1
{\rtlch \fcs1 \af4 \afs22 \ltrch \fcs0 \fs22 \rtlch \alang1 \ltrch \dbch \af4 \hich
\af4 \loch \f4 \chcbpat17 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \
\hich \af5 \loch \f5 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \langfe2052 \langfenp2052 \alang1 \
cf13 \par }\pard \plain \ql \li0 \ri0 \lisb0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl276 \slmult1 \
widctlpar \aspalpha \aspnum \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \
rtlch \ltrch \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs22 \kerning2 \rtlch \ltrch \
dbch \af6 \hich \af6 \loch \f6 \lang1055 \langnp1055 \par }}

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