GRAMMAR. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.

CONCEPT: WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE TO TALK ABOUT ACTIONS THAT BEGAN IN THE PAST AND ARE STILL
IN PROGRESS. IN OTHER WORDS, THE ACTIONS HAVEN’T FINISHED.

IN THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE WE USE HAVE / HAS AS AUXILIARIES AND VERBS.

“HAVE/ HAVEN’T” ARE USED WITH I / YOU / WE / THEY. ( BUT ) WITH SHE / HE / IT WE USE HAS / HASN’T.

IN THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE ALL VERBS ( REGULAR AND IRREGULAR ) ARE USED IN THEIR PAST PARTICIPLE FORM.

CONTRACTIONS USED IN THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE:

I HAVE = I’VE YOU HAVE = YOU’VE WE HAVE = WE’VE THEY HAVE = THEY’VE

SHE HAS = SHE’S HE HAS = HE’S IT HAS = IT’S

KEY WORDS TO USE WITH THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: RECENTLY / LATELY / THESE DAYS / THIS WEEK / TODAY /
THIS MONTH / THIS YEAR / THIS SUMMER / SO FAR=UNTIL NOW / FOR / SINCE / EVER=ANY TIME / STILL / YET /
ALREADY.

EXAMPLES FOR AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE SENTENSES.

I’VE EATEN RICE EVERY DAY RECENTLY I HAVEN’T SEEN JANET LATELY

YOU’VE WORKED HERE FOR AGES YOU HAVEN’T SENT THE REPORTS YET

WE’VE MET A LOT OF NICE PEOPLE THIS WEEK WE STILL HAVEN’T GONE OVERSEAS

THEY’VE MADE A FEW MISTAKES THIS TIME THEY HAVEN’T GOTTEN THE WHOLE PROGRAM

SHE’S BEEN TO SOME COOL PLACES LATELY SHE HASN’T DECIDED WHAT TO DO YET

HE’S FINALLY MOVED ON HIS OWN HE HASN’T COME BACK FROM WORK

IT’S BEEN COOL TO SEE YOU AGAIN IT HASN’T STOPPED RAINING THIS YEAR.

RULE 1: WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE WITH YES/NO QUESTIONS AND LONG ANSWERS. EXAMPLES:

1.- HAVE YOU WORN CASUAL CLOTHES LATELY? ( -- / ELEGANT CLOTHES)

NO, I HAVEN’T. I’VE WORN ELEGANT CLOTHES LATELY.

2.- HAS IT RAINED IN PAMPLONA RECENTLY? ( + / A LOT )

YES, IT HAS. IT’S RAINED A LOT IN PAMPLONA RECENTLY.

3.- HAS JANE CALLED YOU LATELY ( + / EVERY OTHER DAY )

YES, SHE HAS. SHE’S CALLED ME EVERY OTHER DAY LATELY.

4.- HAVE THE EXAMS BEEN LONG RECENLTLY? ( -- / VERY SHORT )

NO, THEY HAVEN’T. THEY’VE BEEN VERY SHORT RECENTLY.

5.- HAVE I DONE ALL THE SCHOOL PROGRAM SO FAR? ( -- )

NO, YOU HAVEN’T. YOU HAVEN’T DONE IT SO FAR.

RULE 2: WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE WITH YES/NO QUESTIONS AND LONG ANSWERS WITH NEVER AND
EVER. EXAMPLES:

HAVE YOU EVER TRAVELLED ALONE? (----) NO, I HAVEN’T. I HAVE NEVER TRAVELLED ALONE.

HAS JANE EVER TEXTED YOU IN ENGLISH? (+/ LAST NIGHT) YES, SHE HAS. SHE TEXTED ME IN ENGLISH LAST NIGHT.

EXAMPLES:

1.- HAVE YOU EVER BEEN LATE FOR CLASS? (----) NO I HAVEN’T. I’VE NEVER BEEN LATE FOR CLASS.

2.- HAVE I EVER TAUGHT YOU BAD WORDS? ( --- ) NO, YOU HAVEN’T. YOU’VE NEVER TAUGHT ME BAD WORDS.

3.- HAVE WE EVER SUNG IN CLASS? ( + / LAST WEEK ) YES, WE HAVE. WE SANG IN CLASS LAST WEEK

4.- HAS NICK EVER TRAVELLED ALONE? (+ / 2 YEARS AGO ) YES, HE HAS. HE TRAVELLED ALONE 2 YEARS AGO.

5.- HAVE THEY EVER LOST AN IMPORTANT DOCUMENT? (+/ PASSPORTS IN 2013 )

YES, THEY HAVE. THEY LOST THEIR PASSPORTS IN 2013.

PRACTICE: COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE AND THE VERBS IN
PARENTHESIS. ( USE: HAVE/ HAS / HAVEN’T / HASN’T + VERB IN PAST PARTICIPLE.

1.- KEN ______________________________ IN BRAZIL FOR TWO YEARS. ( WORK )

2.- IT ______________________________ COLD IN SWEDEN RECENTLY. ( NEG ) ( BE )

3.- YOU _________________________ A LOT OF NICE PEOPLE HERE. ( MEET )

4.- SHEENA _____________________________ ME TO HER PARTY YET. ( NEG ) (INVITE )

5.- THEY ________________________________ A NEW CURE FOR PARASITES. (NEG) ( DISCOVER )

6.- THE FIRE _____________________________ A LOT OF HOUSES. ( AFFECT )

7.- IT __________________________ A LOT THIS WEEK IN CANADA. (SNOW )

8.- YOU ____________________________ YOUR HOMEWORK THIS TERM. ( NEG ) (DO )

9.- THEY ___________________________ SURFING IN AUSTRALIA THIS SUMMER. (NEG) ( GO )

10.- WE _________________________ A NEW STYLE FOR CHILDREN. ( DESIGN )

11.- NATALIE __________________________ HER NEW CAR TO WORK. ( NEG ) ( DRIVE )

12.- THE DOG __________________________ INSIDE THE HOUSE THIS WEEK . ( NEG) ( SLEEP )

13.- YOU ___________________________ MANY OF YOUR FRIENDS THIS SEASON. ( SEE )

14.- MARK STILL ___________________________ ME ABOUT THE PARTY. ( NEG ) ( TELL )

15.- THEY_________________________ THEIR BIKES TO THE PARK EVERY DAY . ( RIDE )

16.- THE FLOODS ___________________________ A LOT OF HOUSES. ( DESTROY )

17.- MUM _________________________ A LOT OF DELICIUOS CAKES THIS YEAR. ( MAKE )

18.- WE _____________________________ OUR HOMEWORK YET. ( NEG ) ( FINISH )

19.- THEY STILL __________________________ THEIR MISSING DOG. (NEG ) ( FIND )

20.- KATLIN ____________________ MANY NICE NOVELS THIS WEEK. ( READ )

PRACTICE 4: WRITE THESE SENTENCES THE OPPOSITE WAY. USE CONTRACTIONS.

1.- I HAVEN’T SEEN MY COUSINS RECENTLY: ___________________________________

2.- SHE HAS TAUGHT FRENCH AND ART THIS YEAR: _________________________________

3.- IT HAS RAINED VERY HARD THESE DAYS: _________________________________

4.- DON HASN’T FINISHED HIS HOMEWORK: ___________________________________

5.- THE GIRLS HAVEN’T WASHED THE DISHES: ________________________________

6.- WE HAVEN’T LEARNT VOCABULARY THIS TERM: ____________________________

7.- YOU HAVE CLIMBED A LOT OF MOUNTAINS: _______________________________

8.- KEYLA HASN’T TAKEN HER CAR TO WORK: _______________________________

9.- THE BOYS HAVE PLAYED SOCCER EVERY DAY: __________________________________

10.- IT HASN’T BEEN VERY CLOUDY THIS WEEK: ________________________________

PRACTICE 5: ASNWER THESE YES/NO QUESTIONS USING THE INFORMATION IN PARENTHESIS.

1.- HAS ANNY GONE TO THE SUPERMARKET RECENTLY? ( --- / THE GROCERY STORE )
___________________________________________________

2.- HAS IT BEEN CLOUDY IN YOUR TOWN THESE DAYS? ( + / FOGGY )

____________________________________________________

3.- HAVE THE BOYS PLAYED SPORTS RECENTLY? ( + / SOCCER AND RUGBY )

____________________________________________________

4.- HAVE I TAUGHT YOU BAD WORDS THIS TERM? ( --- / THE BEST VOCABULARY )
____________________________________________________

5.- HAS ANGEL DRIVEN A SMALL CAR THIS YEAR? ( + / A MINICORD )

____________________________________________________

6.- HAVE WE ENJOYED ENGLISH CLASS THIS YEAR? ( + / VERY MUCH )

____________________________________________________

7.- HAS THE CAT SLEPT OUTSIDE THE HOUSE? ( --- / IN THE GARAGE )
____________________________________________________

8.- HAVE THE STUDENTS WRITTEN THE EXERCISES? ( --- / THE VOCABULARY )
____________________________________________________

9.- HAS THE WEATHER BEEN HOT THIS MONTH? ( --- / VERY FRESH )
____________________________________________________

10.- HAVE YOU DONE ANYTHING INTERESTING LATELY? ( + / READ SOME INTERESTING BOOKS )
____________________________________________________

PART 4: ANSWER THESE WH-QUESTIONS WITH LONG ANSWERS. GIVE NECESSARY INFORMATION AND USE
CONTRACTIONS IN YOUR ANSWERS.

1.- WHAT HAVE WE EATEN LATELY? _______________________________________________

2.- WHERE HAS MELISSA WORKED RECENTLY? _______________________________________________

3.- WHO HAVE THEY CALLED TO COME TO THEIR PARTY? _______________________________________________

5.- WHAT TIME HAS THE CLASS STARTED? _______________________________________________

6.- HOW MUCH MONEY HAVE THEY SPENT? _______________________________________________

7.- HOW FAR HAS MATT SWUM THESE DAYS? ________________________________________________

8.- HOW LONG HAVE YOU LIVED IN COLOMBIA? _________________________________________________

9.- HOW MANY CELLPHONES HAVE THEY SOLD THIS WEEK? ______________________________________________

10.- WHAT HAS JAKE WANTED TO DO? __________________________________________________

11.- WHEN HAS JAKIE VISITED HIS MUM? _________________________________________________

12.- WHAT HAVE I TAUGHT YOU LATELY? ________________________________________________

13.- WHOSE CAR HAS JAMES DRIVEN? _______________________________________________

14.- WHY HAS MILLY GONE TO NEW YORK THIS MONTH? __________________________________________________

15.- WHAT HAS PAMELA WORN FOR WORK? __________________________________________________

16.- WHO HAVE YOU STUDIED WITH RECENTLY? ________________________________________________

17.- WHICH BIKE HAVE WE RIDDEN THIS YEAR? _________________________________________________

18.- WHERE HAVE I BEEN THESE DAYS? _________________________________________________

19.- HOW MANY PAIRS OF SHOES HAS MR WONKA MENDED? ___________________________________________

20.- WHAT HAS THE DOG DRUNK? ____________________________________________________

RULE 2: WE USE THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE WITH YES/NO QUESTIONS AND LONG ANSWERS WITH NEVER AND
EVER. UNIT 8, PAGE 74 GRAMMAR XP. EXAMPLES:

HAVE YOU EVER TRAVELLED ALONE? (----) NO, I HAVEN’T. I HAVE NEVER TRAVELLED ALONE.

HAS JANE EVER TEXTED YOU IN ENGLISH? (+/ LAST NIGHT) YES, SHE HAS. SHE TEXTED ME IN ENGLISH LAST NIGHT.

EXAMPLES:

1.- HAVE YOU EVER BEEN LATE FOR CLASS? (----) NO I HAVEN’T. I’VE NEVER BEEN LATE FOR CLASS.

2.- HAVE I EVER TAUGHT YOU BAD WORDS? ( --- ) NO, YOU HAVEN’T. YOU’VE NEVER TAUGHT ME BAD WORDS.

3.- HAVE WE EVER SUNG IN CLASS? ( + / LAST WEEK ) YES, WE HAVE. WE SANG IN CLASS LAST WEEK

4.- HAS NICK EVER TRAVELLED ALONE? (+ / 2 YEARS AGO ) YES, HE HAS. HE TRAVELLED ALONE 2 YEARS AGO.

5.- HAVE THEY EVER LOST AN IMPORTANT DOCUMENT? (+/ PASSPORTS IN 2013 )

YES, THEY HAVE. THEY LOST THEIR PASSPORTS IN 2013.

PRACTICE 5: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS USING YES/NO AND THE PAST SIMPLE OR NEVER.

1.- HAVE YOU EVER BEEN ARRESTED? (----) ____________________________________________________

2.- HAS NATALIE EVER MET A CELEBRITY? ( +/ MALUMA LAST SUMMER) ______________________________________

3.- HAVE I EVER TAUGHT YOU GOOD VOCABULARY? (+ / LAST WEEK ) ________________________________________

4.- HAVE THE BOYS EVER PLAYED OVERSEAS? (----) ____________________________________________________

5.- HAS YOUR PET EVER GOTTEN SICK? ( + / LAST MONTH) _________________________________________________

6.- HAVE WE EVER HAD CLASSES ON SATURDAYS? (--- ) ____________________________________________________

7.- HAVE THE GIRLS EVER WON A COMPETITION? ( + / IN ENGLAND LAST YEAR) _________________________________

8.- HAS IT EVER SNOWED IN PAMPLONA? (----) ____________________________________________________

9.- HAVE YOU EVER LOST YOUR CELLPHONE? ( + / 3 WEEKS AGO) ___________________________________________

10.- HAVE WE EVER PRACTICED THE GRAMMAR? ( + / LAST FRIDAY ) _________________________________________

11.- HAS DAN EVER BEEN SICK? ( + / LAST SPRING) ____________________________________________________

12.- HAVE THEY EVER VISITED YOU ON WEEKENDS? ( ---- ) ________________________________________________

13.- HAS COLOMBIA EVER COMPETED IN INTERNATIONAL EVENTS? ( + / LAST WINTER) __________________________

14.- HAVE YOU EVER BOUGHT SOMETHING EXPENSIVE? ( +/ A WATCH LAST JUNE ) ______________________________

15.- HAS RONALD EVER HAD AN ACCIDENT? ( ---- ) ____________________________________________________

16.- HAVE THEY EVER DANCED CHAMPETA? ( ---- ) ____________________________________________________

17.- HAS ANNA EVER PLAYED IN A BIG ORCHESTRA? ( + / LAST FALL ) _________________________________________

18.- HAVE YOU EVER BEEN ROBBED? ( + / LAST DECEMBER ) _____________________________________________

19.- HAVE I EVER EVALUATED YOU? ( + / YESTERDAY ) ____________________________________________________

20.- HAS YOUR SCHOOL EVER BEEN IN THE 1ST PLACE? ( + / LAST YEAR ) ______________________________________

21.- HAVE YOU EVER BEEN LATE FOR CLASS? (----) ____________________________________________________

22.- HAVE I EVER TAUGHT YOU BAD WORDS? ( --- ) ____________________________________________________

23.- HAVE WE EVER SUNG IN CLASS? ( + / LAST WEEK ) ____________________________________________________

24.- HAS NICK EVER TRAVELLED ALONE? (+ / 2 YEARS AGO ) ______________________________________________

25.- HAVE YOU EVER LOST AN IMPORTANT DOCUMENT? (+/ IN 2013 ) ________________________________________

26.- HAS IT EVER SNOWED IN AFRICA? (----)____________________________________________________

27.- HAVE THEY EVER SEEN A FAMOUS ATHLETE ? ( ---- ) ____________________________________________________

28.- HAS YOUR CELLPHONE EVER DISAPPEARED? ( + / LAST NIGHT ) ________________________________________

29.- HAVE THE GIRLS EVER PASSED AN EXAM WITH 100 POINTS? ( + / ENGLISH EXAM ) __________________________
30.- HAVE YOU EVER BEEN AT BARADEROS BEACH ? ( + / LAST SUMMER ) _____________________________________

31.- HAVE THE KIDS EVER LOST AN IMPORTANT GAME? (----) _______________________________________________

32.- HAVE YOU EVER MET A CELEBRITY? ( + / PIPE PELAES LAST MONTH) ______________________________________

33.- HAVE WE EVER HAD CLASS ON SUNDAY? (----) ____________________________________________________

34.- HAS NICOLLE EVER TRAVELLED ALONE? (+ / 2 WEEKS AGO ) _____________________________________________

35.- HAVE YOU EVER HAD A PET? (+/ IN 2013 ) ____________________________________________________

36.- HAS IT EVER SNOWED IN BARRANQUILLA? (----) ____________________________________________________

37.- HAVE I EVER BEEN ABSENT FROM SCHOOL ? ( ---- ) ____________________________________________________

38.- HAS YOUR CELLPHONE EVER BROKEN DOWN? ( + / LAST WEEK ) _________________________________________

39.- HAVE THE GIRLS EVER FAILED AN EXAM? ( + / BIOLOGY EXAM ) ___________________________________________

40.- HAVE YOU EVER BEEN SICK? ( + / LAST SUMMER ) ____________________________________________________