DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

FACULTY OF SCIENCE
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

SSCE 1793 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS TUTORIAL 4

1. Determine whether the given function is periodic. If it is periodic, give it’s period.
a. f (x) = sin 5x. b. f (x) = x2 .
c. f (x) = cos 2πx. d. f (x) = ex .
e. f (x) = cosh x. f. f (x) = x + cos x.
g. f (x) = 1 + sin x h. f (x) = tan 2x.

2. Determine whether the given function is even, odd or neither.

a. f (x) = x3 . b. f (x) = |x|.
2
c. f (x) = x − 2x. d. f (x) = x + |x|.
e. f (x) = x sin nπx. f. f (x) = sin 2x cos 3x.
p
−x
g. f (x) = e cos 3x h. f (x) = x3 + x.

3. Evaluate the following integral using the properties of odd and even functions.
Z 1 Z π
a. sin mπx cos mπx dx. b. x2 cos x dx.
−1 −π
Z π Z 1
c. x sin x dx. d. x4 dx.
Z−π
π Z−1
π
e. x cos 2x dx. f. x6 sin 6x dx.
−π −π
Z 1
g. (x3 cos 3πx + sin πx) dx
−1

4. For each of the given function

i. Sketch the graph of y = f (x).
ii. Determine if the function is even, odd or neither.
iii. Then, find the Fourier series of f (x).

2, −π < x < 0
a. f (x) = ; f (x) = f (x + 2π).
−2, 0 < x < π

−x, −π < x < 0
b. f (x) = ; f (x) = f (x + 2π).
x, π < x < 2π

0, −π < x < 0
c. f (x) = x ; f (x) = f (x + 2π).
4, 0<x<π

d. f (x) = x2 , −1 < x < 1 ; f (x) = f (x + 2).

5. For each of the given function

i. Determine the odd 2π periodic extension fo and compute the Fourier sine series.
ii. Determine the even 2π periodic extension fe and compute the Fourier cosine series.
iii. Determine the π periodic extension.

a. f (x) = x2 , 0<x<π b. f (x) = π − x, 0<x<π

c. f (x) = 1, 0<x<π d. f (x) = sin x, 0<x<π

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6. For each of the given function, find the Fourier cosine and the Fourier sine series respectively.
a. f (x) = 1 − x, 0<x<1 b. f (x) = x − x2 , 0<x<1

c. f (x) = ex , 0<x<1

7. Show that the function f (x) = x2 has the Fourier series, on −π < x < π,
∞
π2 X (−1)n
f (x) ≈ +4 cos nx.
3 n=1
n2

Then by choosing an appropriate value of x, show that

∞
X (−1)n+1 π2
(a) = .
n=1
n2 12
∞
X 1 π2
(b) 2
= .
n=1
n 6

8. Find the Fourier coefficient bn in the Fourier sine series expansion of

f (x) = x + π4 , 0<x<π
f (x) = f (x + 2π).

9. Show that the Fourier series of


0, −2 < x < 0
f (x) =
2, 0 < x < 2
f (x) = f (x + 4).
∞  
X 1 (2n − 1)πx
is given by 1+ sin .
n=1
(2n − 1) 2
π 1 1 1
Then, show that = 1 − + − + ···.
4 3 5 7
10. Given f (x) = −x2 , −π < x < π ; f (x) = f (x + π).

(a) Sketch the graph of f (x) such that −3π < x < 3π.
(b) Determine if f (x) is even, odd or neither.
(c) Show that
π
2π(−1)n
Z
x2 cos nx dx = , n = 1, 2, 3, . . . .
0 n2
Then, compute the Fourier series of f (x).

11. Given f (x) = |x|, −1 < x < 1

f (x) = f (x + 2).

(a) Draw the graph of f (x) such that −3 < x < 3.

(b) Determine if f (x) is even, odd or neither.
(c) Compute the Fourier series of f (x).
(d) Use the Fourier series obtained in (c) to approximate the value of π.

12. Given f (x) = x, 0 ≤ x ≤ π.

(a) Determine the even 2π periodic extension of f (x) and draw the graph of the function
obtained for −3π ≤ x ≤ 3π.
(b) Find the Fourier cosine series of f (x) which is defined in (a).
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(c) By considering the convergence of the Fourier series in (b) at x = 0 and x = π, derive
two series and its corresponding sum.

SOLUTIONS TO TUTORIAL 4
1. a. periodic, T = 2π. b. non periodic.
c. periodic, T = 2π. d. non periodic.
e. non periodic. f. non periodic.
g. periodic, T = 2π. h. periodic, T = 2π.
2. a. odd. b. even.
c. neither. d. neither.
e. even. f. odd.
g. neither. h. neither.
3. a. 0. b. 0.
2
c. 2π. d. .
5
e. 0. f. 0.
g. 0. h. 0.
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∞ 
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(ii) f (x) neither even nor odd. (iii) f (x) = sin nx.
2 n=1 n
 4

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∞
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(ii) f (x) even function. (iii) f (x) = + 2 sin nπx.
3 π n=1 n2
5.
∞ ∞
X sin nx π 4 X cos(2n − 1)x
b.(i) 2 ; (ii) +
n=1
n 2 π n=1 (2n − 1)2
∞
4 X sin(2n − 1)x
c.(i) .
π n=1 (2n − 1)
 
2 4 2 4 6
d.(ii) + cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x + · · · .
π π 3 15 35
6.
∞ ∞
4 X cos(2n − 1)πx 2 X sin nπx
a. 1 + ; .
π 2 n=1 (2n − 1)2 π n=1 n

1 − 5(−1)n
8. bn = .
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∞
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(c) f (x) = − π 2 + 2π cos nx.
3 n=1
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∞
1 X (−1)n+1
(c) f (x) = − π 2 + 2π cos nx.
3 n=1 
n2

1 1
(d) π 2 = 8 1 + + + ··· .
9 25
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 5

∞
1 2 X ((−1)n − 1)
(b) f (x) = + 2 cos nπx.
2 π n=1 n2
 
1 4 1 1 1
(c) 0 = − 2 1+ + + + ··· .
2 π 9 25 49
 
1 4 1 1 1
1= + 2 1+ + + + ··· .
2 π 9 25 49