Supplementary Tables

Table S1: Primer sequences for additional NRY-SNPs not mentioned in Kayser et al. (2006)

NRY Mutatio
marker n PCR forward primer PCR reverse primer extension primer
M110 T→C TCACTGGGTTCTCAGCTCGA TTTTCCCCGTCCTAAAGTCC ATGCAACAGTTTACAAGAACAT
AGTTAGGAGATTTACTGAATCAGT
M101 C→T AAAATTCTGTTGGGCAATCG GATCCCAGTTCCTGCAAAGT G
TCTCTTCCTAGCTTATTTTGCTTA
P79 T→C G TGAGGCTAATCAATGGAACAC AAAGGAATAAAATCTTGACATTT
P117 G→T ACCTTGCTTTGATTTCAAGTTT ATGGTGTGAACCTGGGAGAC GCGACAGAGTGAGACTCCA
TGTCAATCTGATTTGATCTACCT GCTATCAATGTAAAATTAAAGGGAA
M324 G→C G C GATCTACCTGCCCTTTCCT
GTTTTGAAATAAAACATCGCAATAAA
M121 5 bp del TTCAACATCGCTAAACACACG G AACACACGTACCATAAATCAAA
M164 T→C TGTGGAGGGATTTCCTAATG TGCTGTCCAAATCTATGCAA CCAGGCATCAAGCACC
M159 A→C GATTGATTTCAGCCTTCTTCT TTCTGTGTTCCTTGCTCCA TATTGATGCAAGCCCTAA
TCCTCTCTGTATGTCAGATCTAACA
M7 C→G CACCAAAGGGCATGTAATCA GCAGCCTTGTGAACCAATTA A
 Table S2: NRY haplogroup frequencies (counts) for populations from Asia, Melanesia and Polynesia
C- C- K- K- K- M-
Y DE- C- M21 C- M20 F- K- K- K- M230 K- M22 M353 M- M- M10 NO- O-
Population N * YAP RPS4Y* 7 M38* 8 M89* M9* P79 P117 * M254* 6 * M4* P34 4 M214* M175*
Cook (Coo) 77 1 1 59 1 3 1
Niue (Niu) 9
Tokelau (Tok) 6 1 3
Samoa (WSa) 61 1 37 2 1 1 1 1
Tonga (Ton) 29 1 9 1 1 5
East Futuna (Fut) 50 15 1 5 1 1 5
Tuvalu (Tuv) 100 17 2 8 28
Polynesia (all) 332 1 3 138 6 9 41 1 1 1 1 11 1

Fiji (Fij) 105 1 9 14 1 13 12 2 4 26 8 1

Tolai New Britain (TNB) 19 3 1 2 4 2 1 5

Trobriand (Tro) 52 5 12 1 15
Bereina PNG (Ber) 35 2 23 2
PNG Coast (PNC) 33 1 4 3 4 1 3 2 10
PNG Highlands (PNH) 31 1 1 1 16 1 10
Kapuna PNG (Kap) 46 1 24 21
WNG Highlands (WNH) 94 23 70
WNG Lowlands (WNL) 89 8 10 2 6 63
Melanesia (all) 399 1 16 34 29 6 1 47 2 8 213 7

Moluccas (Mol) 33 1 7 5 7 7
Nusa Tenggaras (Ten) 31 2 5 10 1 2 2
Philippines (Phi) 37 4 1 1 1
Borneo (Bor) 40 1 1 2 2 2 2
Java (Jav) 53 1 1 1 1
Malaysia (Mal) 17 2 1 1
Sumatra (Sum) 56 1 3 8 1 2
Southeast Asia (all) 267 1 11 3 13 13 21 1 11 9 2 4

Korea (Kor) 21 3 2 2 8
Taiwan Aborigines (Tai) 41 2
Taiwan-Chinese (TaC) 19 1 1 3
China (Chi) 36 2 4
Vietnam (Vie) 6 1
East Asia (all) 123 7 2 7 13
 Table S2: continued
O- O-
M119 O- M122 O- O- O- P- R-
Population N * M110 * M324 O-M7 M134 M95* M74* M173
Cook (Coo) 77 3 8
Niue (Niu) 9 8 1
Tokelau (Tok) 6 2
Samoa (WSa) 61 2 11 2 1 1
Tonga (Ton) 29 12
East Futuna (Fut) 50 21 1
Tuvalu (Tuv) 100 1 41 3
Polynesia (all) 332 2 1 98 2 4 11

Fiji (Fij) 105 3 1 8 2

Tolai New Britain (TNB) 19 1

Trobriand (Tro) 52 5 9 5
Bereina PNG (Ber) 35 8
PNG Coast (PNC) 33 4 1
PNG Highlands (PNH) 31 1
Kapuna PNG (Kap) 46
WNG Highlands (WNH) 94 1
WNG Lowlands (WNL) 89
Melanesia (all) 399 6 9 19 1

Moluccas (Mol) 33 1 1 4
Nusa Tenggaras (Ten) 31 4 3 1 1
Philippines (Phi) 37 11 5 1 10 1 1 1
Borneo (Bor) 40 5 1 4 2 1 15 1 1
Java (Jav) 53 10 2 7 4 1 22 1 2
Malaysia (Mal) 17 3 1 1 2 5 1
Sumatra (Sum) 56 10 1 9 6 1 8 2 4
Southeast Asia (all) 267 44 12 7 33 11 6 51 4 10

Korea (Kor) 21 3 1 1 1
Taiwan Aborigines (Tai) 41 18 14 4 1 2
Taiwan-Chinese (TaC) 19 2 3 1 8
China (Chi) 36 8 3 11 7 1
Vietnam (Vie) 6 1 4
East Asia (all) 123 28 14 3 21 2 17 7 1 1
Table S3: mtDNA haplogroup frequencies (counts) for populations from Asia, Melanesia and Polynesia
Population N PM B4a B4 B4b1 B5a B5b B5 B E1b P1 P2 P3 P4 Q1 Q2 Q3 M7b M7c1c M8a M9 G2a F1a F1c F1 F
Cook (Coo) 71 61 5 2 3
Niue (Niu) 19 18
Tokelau (Tok) 7 7
Samoa (WSa) 67 52 11 3
Tonga (Ton) 39 28 8 1
East Futuna (Fut) 45 39 4 1 1
Tuvalu (Tuv) 60 38 15 5 1 1
Polynesia (all) 308 243 43 3 5 2 6 1 1

Fiji (Fij) 44 30 5 2 1 4

Tolai New Britain (TNB) 34 8 1 1 1 4 1

Trobriand (Tro) 40 17 10 2 1 1 1
Bereina PNG (Ber) 31 12 4 2 7 1
PNG Coast (PNC) 49 21 10 1 4 8 4
PNG Highlands (PNH) 32 17 4 8 2
Kapuna PNG 40 8 4 2 15 1 8
WNG Highlands (WNH) 106 38 1 57 3
WNG Lowlands (WNG) 120 15 3 86
Melanesia (all) 452 58 25 3 2 86 9 7 3 182 1 17 1

Moluccas (Mol) 34 3 1 1 1 3 2 3 6
NusaTengarras (Ten) 31 2 4 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 7 3
Phillipines (Phi) 30 2 4 1 1 2 6
Borneo (Bor) 28 1 1 5 6 1
Java (Jav) 41 1 1 1 6 1 5 1
Sumatra (Sum) 55 1 6 1 1 3 6 7
Southeast Asia (all) 219 5 8 2 7 1 2 8 9 2 4 1 4 15 36 12

Korea (Kor) 24 1 1 1 1 2
Taiwan Aborigines (Tai) 40 8 4 2 1 1 10
Taiwan Chinese (TaC) 21 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 2
China (Chi) 36 3 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2
Vietnam (Vie) 32 2 2 3 2 4 4 5
East Asia (all) 153 17 1 9 6 2 1 2 7 3 1 3 1 8 1 1 19
Table S3: continued
Population N T Y Z C N9a A M28 M29 Others
Cook (Coo) 71
Niue (Niu) 19 1
Tokelau (Tok) 7
Samoa (WSa) 67 1
Tonga (Ton) 39 2
East Futuna (Fut) 45
Tuvalu (Tuv) 60
Polynesia (all) 308 1 3

Fiji (Fij) 44 2

Tolai New Britain (TNB) 34 5 13

Trobriand (Tro) 40 8
Bereina PNG (Ber) 31 5
PNG Coast (PNC) 49 1
PNG Highlands (PNH) 32 1
Kapuna PNG 40 2
WNG Highlands (WNH) 106 7
WNG Lowlands (WNG) 120 16
Melanesia (all) 452 5 13 40

Moluccas (Mol) 34 1 13
NusaTengarras (Ten) 31 6
Phillipines (Phi) 30 1 13
Borneo (Bor) 28 14
Java (Jav) 41 25
Sumatra (Sum) 55 1 1 3 25
Southeast Asia (all) 219 1 1 3 1 1 96

Korea (Kor) 24 2 3 3 10
Taiwan Aborigines (Tai) 40 14
Taiwan Chinese (TaC) 21 1 1 7
China (Chi) 36 2 2 1 2 13
Vietnam (Vie) 32 2 8
East Asia (all) 153 2 4 5 5 3 52