THE EARTH'S

HYDROSPHERE:
COMPOSITION AND FUNCTION
 WHAT IS
HYDROSPHERE?
 A hydrosphere is

the total amount of

water on a planet.
 Hydrosphere includes

water that is on the

surface of the planet,

underground and in the

air.
Sea Wells
Lakes Aquifiers
River
•Glaciers
•Ice Caps
• Ice Bergs
WHAT ARE THE MOST
COMMON ELEMENTS
IN THE
HYDROSPHERE?
OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN

ARE THE MOST ABUNDANT

ELEMENTS IN THE EARTH'S

HYROSPHERE.
 WHY WATER IS

IMPORTANT IN OUR

LIVES AND IN

GENERAL?
WATER CYCLE/

HYFROLOGIC CYCLE

- water cycle shows the continous

movement of water within the

earth and atmosphere.

 PROCESSES
- Evaporation - Precipitation
- Transpiration - Interception
- Respiration - Infiltration
- Condensation - Runoff
-Percolationn
EVAPORATION TRANSPIRATION RESPIRATION

- The process
- When plants
- When

that changes
take up liquid
animals

liquid water
water from soil
release

to gaseous
and release
water vapor

water. water vapor

when they

from their
breathe out.
leaves.
CONDENSATION PRECIPITATION

- The process by
- Is any liquid water or

which water vapor

frozen water that

in the air changed

forms in the

into liquid water. atmosphere and fall

back to earth.
INTERCEPTION RUNOFF
- Is the part of the rainfall
-Occurs when the

that is intercepted by the

excessive

earth's surface and

precipitation and the

subsequently
ground is saturated.
evaporates.

INFILTRATION PERCULATION

- Is the process by
- Movement of

which water on the

water into the

ground enters the

ground of earth.
soil.
FUNCTIONS/ IMPORTANCE OF

HYDROSPHERE
 A COMPONENT

OF LIVING

CELLS
- Water is the most

important part of living

cells.
HABITAT FOR MANY

LIFE FORMS
- The hydrosphere provides an

important place for wide range of

animals and plants to live.

REGULATION OF
TEMPERATURE
- One of water's exceptional

features is its high specific heat.

 EXISTENCE OF

ATMOSPHERE
- Hydrosphere has a significant

contribution to the existence of the

atmosphere in its present form.

HUMAN NEEDS
- The hydrosphere benefits

human in numerous ways.

THE SUN AND THE

MOON:
THEIR EFFECT ON EARTH
 WHAT IS THE

SUN?
latin word: "SOL"

The Sun is the star at the center of the

Solar System. It is a nearly perfect ball of
hot plasma, heated to incandescence by
nuclear fusion reactions in its core. The
Sun radiates this energy mainly as light,
ultraviolet, and infrared radiation, and is
the most important source of energy for
life on Earth.
 THE SUN IS VERY

HOT!!
CORE TEMPERATURE = 15,000,000

celsius

SURFACE TEMPERATURE = 5600

celsius

The Sun is made of very hot gassees

(Hydrogen and Helium)
 THE SUN

COMPLETES A

ROTATION

EVERY 25-35

DAYS
WHAT IS MOON?
latin word: "LUNA"

Moon, Earth’s sole

natural satellite and

nearest large celestial

body. Known since

prehistoric times, it is

the brightest object in

the sky after the Sun.

THE MOON

ROTATES AROUND

THE EARTH IN A

COUNTER

CLOCKWISE
THE DISTANCE

BETWEEN THE

MOON AND EARTH

IS 384,400 KM
Why do we see different phases of

the Moon?
THE SUN AND MOON:
THEIR EFFECT ON

EARTH
EQUINOX AND

SOLSTICE
What is Equinox?
- A solar equinox is a moment in time when the

Sun crosses the Earth's equator, which is to say,

appears directly above the equator, rather than

north or south of the equator.

What is Solstice?
- A solstice is an event in which a planet's

poles are most extremely inclined toward

or away from the star it orbits.

What is the difference between

the equinox and solstice?

- solstices result in a change of the length of night and day,
the equinoxes do not. The summer and winter solstices
result in the longest and shortest day of the year
respectively while the equinoxes result in an equal
amount of daylight and darkness received all across the
earth.
 The Sun and the

Moon in relation to

the Tides
 Tides are one of

the most reliable

phenomena in the

world.
 Since both the Moon and

the Sun influence the ocean

tides, which of them has

the stronger gravitational

pull that causes tides on

earth??
Types of tides
( according to
Lunar Phase )
 SPRING TIDES
-During the full moon and new moon

phases, the Moon and the Sun are

aligned and their effects combined,

producing the spring tides.

 NEAP TIDES
-During waxing and waning moons,

on the contrary, the effects are

detracted, thereby obtaining tides

of less amplitude (lower tidal

coefficient), called neap tides.

 The Rule of

12ths
The sequences to remember 1-2-3-

3-2-1
 HIGH TIDES
-when the sea water reaches its

greatest height within the tide

cycle. They are shown in blue on

the tide tables.

 LOW TIDES
when the sea water reaches its

lowest height within the tide cycle.

They are shown in red on the tide

tables.