21st CENTURY LITERATURE AROUND THE WORLD

LESSON 2: LITERATURE DURING THE SPANISH AND

AMERICAN PERIOD

SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)

1. Romanization of the original BAYBAYIN (Filipino) alphabet

alphabet.
2. The Christian Doctrine's teachings served as the foundation for religious
practises.
3. During this time, Spanish took on the role as the literary language.
Many of its words are used in our language.
4. Our songs now incorporate mythology and customs brought here from Europe.
Moro-moros and corridos.
5. The translation of classical literature into Tagalog and other languages was done.
6. There are numerous grammar books available in Tagalog, Ilocano, and Visayan.
7. Our journals at this time started to sound more religious.

The first books (those written during the Spanish era)

1. THE CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE (DOCTRINA CRISTIANA)
1593 saw the printing of the first book in the Philippines using xylography.
composed by Fr. Father Juan de Placencia and St. In Tagalog and English,
Domingo Nieva
Spanish.
2. OUR HOLY SEORA OF ROSARIO
Another book published in the Philippines
composed by Fr. In 1602, Francisco Blancas de San Jose
saint biographies, novenas, and inquiries and responses on religion
3. LIBRO DE LOS CUATRO POSTPRIMERAS DE HOMBRE
TAGALOG).
first typography-printed book
Authored by Fr. Dominican priest Francisco Blancas de San Jose was one of them.
In the Philippines, the first printing press was put in place around 1602.

4. BARLAAN Y JOSEPHAT
An account from the Bible that was printed in the Philippines and translated into
Tagalog
English by Fr. Juan Antonio de Borja.
even though it is merely a translation, the first Tagalog novel to be published in the
Philippines
is known as the Christianized account of Buddha's biography, featuring Josaphat
achieving enlightenment by way of Jesus Christ's love.
5. PASION
This book chronicles the life and afflictions of Jesus Christ.
It is only read throughout Lent.
There are four different Tagalog translations of this, each with different
information.
the author's last name.
6. URBANA Y FELISA
An article from a book authored in 1864 by Modesto de Castro, the alleged
Traditional Tagalog prose.
These are letters that two sisters, Urbana and Felisa, have been exchanging.
The letters had a big impact on how individuals behaved in society.
dealt with proper conduct.
The narrative highlights the value of characteristics like purity and perfect
character.
People ought to develop their skills.
7. MGA DALIT KAY MARIA (PSALMS FOR MARY)
a group of hymns honouring the Virgin Mary.
◉ Fr. This was written in 1865 by Filipino priest Mariano Sevilla and became
well-known.
particularly during the "Flores de Mayo" festival in May.

FORMS
A. Folk Music
express the Filipinos' creative feelings
They exhibit the Filipinos' intrinsic passion and appreciation of beauty.
Atin Cu Pung, Dandansoy, Pamulinawen, and Leron-Leron Sinta
Singsing.

B. Adaptive Plays
1. Tibag
The Spaniards brought this custom here to remind the locals of the
St. Helena is being searched for the Cross where Jesus died.
2. Lagaylay
The song is a recreation of St. Helena's finding of the Holy Cross.
then danced. For the Pilareos of Sorsogon, this is a unique celebration in May.
to congregate. With a novena to the Holy Cross, it is performed for nine nights.
3. Cenaculo
This spectacular presentation honours Jesus' suffering and death.
Christ.
4. Panunuluyan
This is presented on Christmas Eve before noon. This is an overview of the
St. Joseph and the Virgin Mary look for a place to deliver the baby while staying at
an inn.
Jesus.
5. Panubong (or Salubong)
An Easter performance called "The Salubong" dramatises the homecoming of the
recently risen Saviour.
Jesus and Mary, his mother. Many places in the Philippines still offer it.
6. A Shadow Play called Carillo
This is a dramatic performance that takes place on a moonless night during a
Town festival or at night following a harvest.
8. Sainete
It is a brief musical comedy with exaggerated characters from which the concepts
were borrowed.
from situations found in daily life. Characters in this drama typically come from
the
lower echelon.
C. Moro-moro
This is done to amuse the crowd and to provide entertainment at town fiestas.
bring up their Christian faith once more.

D. Karagatan
This is an argument in verse that finds a solution. Typically, it acts as
a tradition during funeral wakes. Typically, the participants are novices.
E. Duplo
The Karagatan was replaced by the Duplo.
is a poetical discussion amongst trained men and women that takes place on the
final night.
of the period of grief for the deceased.
F. Awit and Corrido
Awit are vivid chivalric stories designed to be sung and chanted.
Corridoes frequently discuss tyranny, history, the lives of criminals, and other
topics.
socially significant subjects.