-1

-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8

2007 /10 /20

-1-
 .

/
2007 / 10 / 20

-2-
. .

-3-
 :

.
.

( 1-1 )

-1
.

-2
.

-3

.
.

-4-
331.5
. / 5100 / 1540 /

/ 300,000

. / 198,000 RG213

(1 - 2 )

) :
2

:
Hz
1000Hz = KHz
1000KHz = MHz
1000MHz = GHz
1000GHz =THz

Hz /
( )

-5-
 :

-1
.
-2

.
-3
.
-4
.
-5

standing wave :

.
.

-6-
 (1 -3)

(1-4)

300000
. / 10*26

x =

:
/ 300,000,000 =
144,000,000 =
=
\ = :
2.083 = 144,000,000 \ 300,000,000

-7-
 (1-5)

ground wave :

.
( )
.
.

. attenuation

( ) ( )

.
,
. HF 2MHz

. propagation

-8-
 .

HF 30MHz 3MHz

.
SHF UHF VHF
80 )
Line of sight (
UHF SHF

(1-6 )
.

-9-
 :

Long wave LW -1
300Kz 150KHz
.

medium wave MW -2
3MHz 300KHz
. . AM

high frequency HF -3
30MHz 3MHz
. AM

very high frequency VHF -4

300MHz 30MHz
FM
. 12 1

Ultra high frequency UHF -5

3GHz 300MHz
69 21

. 2.4GHz L& S Band

L - GHz 2 1
S - GHz 3 2
C - GHz 6 4
X - GHz 8 7
Ku - GHz 18 11
Ka - GHz 30 20

( 1 -7 )

- 10 -
 supper high frequency SHF -6
KU 30GHz 3GHz
5.6 GHz C band Ka
Extremely high frequency EHF -7
300GHz 30GHz
.

(1- 8)

D
F2 F1 F E
.

- 11 -
.

.
HF

(1 -9)

D -1
88 48

- 12 -
 MW

145 88 E -2
,

D
20 MHz
.

F2 E (1-10 )

400 145 F -3
F2 F1
.

. .

30 MHz
.Skip distance

- 13 -
 F2 F1 E (1-11)

, E D
(F )
.
.
. F2
F
.
F
. HF

(1-12 )
F
skip Distance

- 14 -
 30MHz

200 400

20MHz
21MHz ( )
.

( 1- 13 )

,
.
- -
.E ( 500 )

- 15 -
 (1-14)

. 3MHz 1.5

7MHz 3

45° 30° 12MHz 7

,
.

, 30MHz 12
30° 16MHz 12
28MHz
10°
10° 28.5MHz

- 16 -
 30MHz
.

1000
300 100
3000 14MHz 50
. propagation

.
1957 ( )
.

( ) (1-15)

- 17 -
 GBS
.

1945
120° 22
24
.

20 1965

. 240 ( )

(1-16 )

.
4W
) 4
(
.

- 18 -
 ) 13 13E
) 19E . (
.

19E ( 1-17)

, (1-18)
.

- 19 -
-15- ( )

40 X 40

( )
.

(1-19 )

40
.

10

- 20 -
 (1-20)

( )
)
(

1 (1-21)

- 21 -