KWAME NKRUMAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
BASIC GEOLOGY – GED 151
CLASS TEST 2 DURATION: 30 MINUTES
INDEX NUMBER: ………………. DEPARTMENT: …………………………...
Answer all questions
1. A …………………. can be defined as a natural inorganic substance having a particular
chemical composition or range of composition, and a regular atomic structure to which its
crystalline form is related.
2. The response of a mineral to a hammer blow, to cutting with a knife and to bending is
described by its ……………………….
3. The deposits formed by the consolidation of fragments ejected during a volcanic eruption are
called ……………………………….
4. ……………………………. breaks down rocks into small particles by the action of
temperature, by impact from raindrops and by abrasion from mineral particles carried in the
wind.
5. The size of an earthquake is usually given in terms of a scale called the
……………………………….
6. …………………………….. is the blanket of soil, sediment and weathered rock that covers
the Earth’s surface.
7. According to the principle of …………………………………………., invading
rocks are younger than those invaded and if one geologic feature cuts across another, the
feature that has been cut is older.
8. Expanding gases in a magma during its extrusion give rise to cavities or vesicles, resulting in
a vesicular texture, the vesicles may subsequently be filled with secondary minerals, when
they are called ………………….
9. A chemical reaction associated with weathering in which water molecules are absorbed into
the crystal structure of a mineral is called …………………………………………….
10. The process in which carbon dioxide and water form a weak acid to dissolve certain rocks
like limestone is called ……………………………………………………………
11. Soils overlying weathering ore deposits may contain anomalous values of minerals.
a. The depletion of these components from the upper parts of the soil profile is
……………….
b. The accumulation of these components in the lower parts of the soil profile is
……………….
12. Arrange the following chemical elements in the order of increasing relative abundance in the
earth’s crust.
Calcium, Silicon, Potassium, Magnesium, Oxygen, Aluminium, Iron and Sodium.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
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13. State a geologic feature that may be formed in each of the following cases.

Activity Geologic feature formed

a. Two continental plates colliding

b. A continental plate and an oceanic plate colliding

c. Two oceanic plates colliding

d. Two plates sliding past each other

e. Two plates moving away from each other

14. What is the difference between biotite and muscovite

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15. Differentiate between a mature and an immature soil
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16. How does the surface area of rocks influence the rate of weathering of rocks?
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17. Indicate whether the following plutons are either concordant or discordant to the
surrounding rocks.
a. Sill …………………………
b. Laccolith …………………………
c. Lopolith …………………………
d. Dyke …………………………
e. Batholith ………………………….
18. How would distinguish between quartz and calcite?
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