UNIT NO.

3
WORKSHEET NO 3.1
TECHNICAL DEFINITIONS OF MEDIA

DEFINITIONS:

 "Extensions of human senses and faculties that enhance and amplify human capacity for
perceiving, interpreting, and communicating information and meaning."
REF: "Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man"
BY: Marshall McLuhan
 "A complex and contested field of practices, technologies, and institutions that are
constantly evolving and adapting to new social, cultural, and economic contexts."
REF: "Media Work"
BY: Mark Deuze
 "A system of social relationships that generate, organize, and distribute symbolic
content, as well as the ideologies and practices that shape its production, circulation,
and consumption."
REF: "Communication Power"
BY: Manuel Castells
 “A set of tools and techniques that enable us to represent, manipulate, and
communicate information and meaning, as well as to explore and create new forms of
expression and experience."
REF: The Language of New Media"
 UNIT 3.2
TYPES OF MEDIA
TYPES OF MEDIA:
Media refers to the different forms of communication that are used to disseminate information.
Here are some common types of media:
1. Print media: Print media refers to any communication that is printed on paper or other
tangible materials. Examples of print media include newspapers, magazines, books,
brochures, and flyers.
2. Broadcast media: Broadcast media refers to the electronic distribution of information
through various mediums such as television, radio, and podcasts. Broadcast media can
be either live or pre-recorded.
3. Digital media: Digital media refers to any communication that is distributed
electronically. Examples of digital media include websites, blogs, social media platforms,
video-sharing websites, and mobile applications.
4. Outdoor media: Outdoor media refers to any communication that is displayed in
outdoor locations. Examples of outdoor media include billboards, posters, banners, and
transit advertising.
5. Interactive media: Interactive media refers to any communication that involves two-
way interaction between the user and the medium. Examples of interactive media
include video games, interactive displays, and virtual reality environments.
6. Social media: Social media refers to digital communication platforms that allow users to
create, share, or exchange information, ideas, and content. Examples of social media
include Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn.
7. Mass media: Mass media refers to any communication that is disseminated to a large
audience through various mediums. Examples of mass media include television, radio,
newspapers, magazines, and the internet.
8. Print media: Print media refers to any communication that is printed on paper or other
tangible materials. Examples of print media include newspapers, magazines, books,
brochures, and flyers.
9. Broadcast media: Broadcast media refers to the electronic distribution of information
through various mediums such as television, radio, and podcasts. Broadcast media can
be either live or pre-recorded.
10. Digital media: Digital media refers to any communication that is distributed
electronically. Examples of digital media include websites, blogs, social media platforms,
video-sharing websites, and mobile applications.
11. Outdoor media: Outdoor media refers to any communication that is displayed in
outdoor locations. Examples of outdoor media include billboards, posters, banners, and
transit advertising.
 UNIT NO.3.3
CURRENT EXAMPLES OF MEDIA
Here are some current examples of media:

1. Social media: Social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, and LinkedIn are
some of the most popular forms of media today. These platforms allow users to share content,
connect with friends and followers, and stay up-to-date with news and events.
2. Streaming media: Streaming services like Netflix, Hulu, Amazon Prime Video, and Disney+ allow
users to watch movies, TV shows, and other video content on demand. These services have
revolutionized the way we consume media and have disrupted traditional forms of broadcast
television.
3. Podcasts: Podcasts are a form of digital audio content that are typically distributed through
platforms like Spotify, Apple Podcasts, and Google Podcasts. They have become increasingly
popular in recent years and cover a wide range of topics, including news, entertainment, and
education.
4. Video games: Video games are a form of interactive media that have become increasingly
popular in recent years. Games like Fortnite, Minecraft, and Call of Duty are played by millions
of people around the world and have become a significant part of popular culture.
5. News media: Traditional news media outlets like CNN, The New York Times, and The Wall Street
Journal continue to play an important role in providing information and analysis on current
events. However, online news sources and citizen journalism platforms like Twitter have also
become increasingly popular as sources of news and information.
6. Virtual and augmented reality: Virtual and augmented reality technologies are increasingly
being used to create immersive media experiences. These technologies can be used for
entertainment, education, and training, and have the potential to revolutionize the way we
interact with digital content.
7. Live streaming: Live streaming platforms like YouTube Live, Twitch, and Facebook Live allow
users to broadcast live video content in real-time. These platforms have become increasingly
popular for gaming, music, sports, and other live events.
8. E-books and audiobooks: E-books and audiobooks are digital versions of books that can be
downloaded and read on a variety of devices, including smartphones, tablets, and e-readers.
These formats have become increasingly popular in recent years, and offer a convenient and
portable way to access books and other written content.
9. Influencer marketing: Influencer marketing involves partnering with individuals who have a
large following on social media to promote products or services. This form of marketing has
become increasingly popular in recent years and has transformed the way companies approach
advertising and promotion.
10. Virtual Assistants: Virtual assistants like Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant are AI-powered
technologies that allow users to interact with their devices using voice commands. These
technologies have become increasingly sophisticated and are now capable of performing a wide
range of tasks, from playing music to providing weather updates to ordering groceries.
 UNIT 3.4
MEDIA AND LEARNING PROCESS
Media can play an important role in the learning process by providing students with access to a wide
range of educational content and resources. Here are a few ways in which media can support learning:

1. Enhancing engagement: Media can make learning more engaging and interactive by providing
students with access to multimedia content like videos, images, and animations. These visual
aids can help students better understand complex concepts and make the learning process more
fun and interesting.
2. Promoting self-paced learning: Media can be used to support self-paced learning, allowing
students to progress through material at their own speed and review content as needed. E-
books, audiobooks, and instructional videos are all examples of media that can be used to
support self-paced learning.
3. Supporting collaboration: Media can be used to support collaborative learning, allowing
students to work together on projects and share ideas. Online discussion forums, video
conferencing tools, and collaborative editing platforms like Google Docs are all examples of
media that can be used to support collaboration.
4. Providing access to resources: Media can be used to provide students with access to a wide
range of educational resources, including textbooks, research articles, and instructional videos.
Online libraries, databases, and video-sharing platforms like YouTube are all examples of media
that can be used to support access to resources.
5. Supporting distance learning: Media can be particularly useful in supporting distance learning,
allowing students to participate in classes and access educational content from anywhere with
an internet connection. Online learning platforms, video conferencing tools, and pre-recorded
lectures are all examples of media that can be used to support distance learning.
6. Providing feedback: Media can be used to provide immediate feedback to students on their
performance, helping them to identify areas of strength and weakness and adjust their learning
strategies accordingly. Online quizzes and interactive simulations are examples of media that
can be used to provide feedback to students.
7. Facilitating differentiated instruction: Media can be used to facilitate differentiated instruction,
allowing teachers to provide individualized learning experiences to students based on their
unique needs and learning styles. Online learning platforms and educational games are
examples of media that can be used to support differentiated instruction.
8. Fostering creativity: Media can be used to foster creativity and encourage students to explore
new ideas and perspectives. Video editing tools, design software, and collaborative
brainstorming platforms are examples of media that can be used to support creativity and
innovation.
9. Supporting flipped classrooms: Media can be used to support the flipped classroom model, in
which students watch instructional videos or access other learning materials outside of class
time and use class time for more interactive and collaborative activities. Online instructional
videos and interactive learning modules are examples of media that can be used to support the
flipped classroom model.
 UNIT 3.5
CHARACTERISTICS & IMPORTANCE OF MEDIA
Here are some characteristics and importance of media:

Characteristics:
1. Accessibility: Media can be easily accessed by students from any location, making it convenient
for learners to access educational content and resources.

2. Interactivity: Many forms of media, such as videos, interactive quizzes, and educational games,
allow for increased student engagement and interaction with the learning material.

3. Multimodal: Media often incorporates multiple forms of content, such as text, images, audio,
and video, which can cater to diverse learning styles and preferences.

4. Reusability: Media content can be reused and repurposed for different learning activities,
making it a cost-effective and time-efficient way to support learning.

5. Flexibility: Media content can be adapted to different learning environments, such as

classrooms, online courses, and self-paced learning modules.

Importance:
1. Enhancing engagement: Media can help to make learning more engaging and interactive,
increasing student motivation and interest in the learning material.

2. Providing access to resources: Media can provide students with access to a wide range of
educational content and resources, such as instructional videos, e-books, and online databases.

3. Supporting personalized learning: Media can support personalized learning experiences by

allowing students to access learning materials at their own pace and in their own time.

4. Promoting collaboration: Media can facilitate collaboration and group work, allowing students
to share ideas and work together on projects.

5. Supporting different learning styles: Media can support different learning styles by
incorporating multiple forms of content, such as text, images, audio, and video, which can cater
to diverse student preferences and needs.

6. Fostering critical thinking: Media can encourage critical thinking and problem-solving skills by
presenting students with real-world scenarios and challenges.

7. Supporting lifelong learning: Media can support lifelong learning by providing access to a wide
range of educational resources and content beyond formal education.

These are just a few characteristics and importance of media in education. The effective use of
media in education requires careful planning, pedagogical expertise, and an understanding of
the unique needs and learning styles of individual students.
 UNIT 3.6
HISTORY, IMPORTANCE, CHARACTERISTICS, SCOPE OF TELEVISION,
RADIO, COMPUTER AND INTERNET

Radio:
 History: Radio broadcasting began in the early 20th century and quickly became a popular form
of entertainment and news dissemination.

 Importance: Radio has been an important source of information and entertainment for over a
century, particularly in areas with limited access to other forms of media.

 Characteristics: Radio is an audio-only medium that allows for the broadcast of live events,
news, music, and other audio content.

 Scope: Radio has been used in education for distance learning, language instruction, and
providing educational programming to underprivileged communities.

Television:
 History: Television broadcasting began in the mid-20th century and quickly became a dominant
form of mass media.

 Importance: Television has had a profound impact on culture, politics, and education,
providing a powerful visual medium for entertainment and news dissemination.

 Characteristics: Television is a visual medium that allows for the broadcast of live events,
news, and other video content.

 Scope: Television has been used in education for distance learning, language instruction, and
providing educational programming to students of all ages.
 Computers:
 History: The development of computers began in the mid-20th century and rapidly evolved into
an essential tool for education and communication.

 Importance: Computers have transformed education, providing access to vast amounts of

information and enabling online learning and collaboration.

 Characteristics: Computers are versatile tools that can be used for a wide range of tasks,
including research, word processing, data analysis, and programming.

 Scope: Computers are used in education at all levels, from elementary schools to universities,
and are essential for online learning and distance education.

Internet:
 History: The development of the internet began in the late 20th century and has rapidly
evolved into a global network of information and communication.

 Importance: The internet has revolutionized education, providing access to a vast array of
educational resources, online courses, and collaborative learning opportunities.

 Characteristics: The internet is a vast network of connected computers that allows for the
exchange of information and communication on a global scale.

 Scope: The internet is used in education at all levels, from online courses and research
databases to social media and collaborative learning platforms.

In summary, radio, television, computers, and the internet have each played a significant role in
education and communication over the past century, and continue to evolve and shape the ways in
which we learn and communicate today