States Of Matter

Q1) What is matter?

A1) Matter is anything that occupies space and has weight.
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Q2a) How many states of matter are there?

A2a) There are 3 states of matter.

Q2b) What are the 3 states of matter?

A2b) The 3 states of matter are:

(i) Solid
(ii) Liquid
(iii) Gas.
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Q3) Draw a model diagram to represent particles in a Solid, Liquid and Gas.
A3) The particles diagrams are shown below:

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Q4) State the properties of solids.

A4) Properties of Solids:

1) Particles in a solid are tightly packed.

2) The particles are tightly packed due to strong forces of attraction between the
particles.
3) The particles in a solid can only vibrate.
4) Solids have a high melting and boiling point due to strong forces of attraction
between the particles.
5) Solids have a fixed shape and a fixed volume.
6) Solids are incompressible.
7) Example of a Solids: Ice
Q5) State the properties of liquids.

A5) Properties of Liquids:

1) Particles in a liquid are loosely packed.

2) They are loosely packed due to weaker forces of attraction.
3) The particles in a liquid have a sliding motion which means they can slide over each
other.
4) Liquids have lower melting and boiling points then solids due to weaker forces of
attraction.
5) Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape. This means they can take the shape
of any container they are kept in.
6) Liquids are difficult to compress.
7) Example of a Liquid: Water.

Q6) State the properties of a Gas.

A6) Properties of a Gas:
1) Particles in a gas a far apart from each other.
2) The particles in a gas are far apart from each other due to negligible forces of
attraction between the particles. (Negligible = almost zero)
3) The particles in a gas have a random motion. They move around freely.
4) Gases have the lowest melting and boiling points due to negligible forces of
attraction between the gas particles.
5) Gases neither have a fixed volume nor do they have a fixed shape. They occupy the
whole space provided to them.
6) Gases are easy to compress.
7) Example of a Gas: Steam.
Q7) State what is meant by melting point?
A7) Melting point is a temperature at which a solid change to a liquid.
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Q8) What is melting point of Ice?

A8) Melting point of Ice is 0o C. (Zero degrees Celsius).
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Q9) What is meant by a Freezing point?

A9) Freezing point is the temperature at which the liquid changes to a solid.
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Q10) What is the freezing point of water?

A10) The freezing point of water is 0oC.
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Q11) Since the water melts and freezes at the same temperature of 0 oC, can we say that
freezing point and melting is always the same?
A11) Yes, the melting and freezing point are the same.
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Q12) What is meant by boiling point?

A12) The boiling point of a liquid is a temperature at which the liquid changes to gas.
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Q13) What is the boiling point of water?

A13) The boiling point of water is 100oC.
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Q14) What is meant by a change in state of a matter?

A14) Change is state of matter means a substance changing from:

i) Solid to Liquid.
ii) Liquid to Gas.
iii) Gas to Liquid.
iv) Solid to Gas.
v) Liquid to Solid.
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Q15) What is the name of the physical process in which a Solid changes to a liquid?
A15) When a solid turns into a liquid it is called melting.

Solid Liquid ( MELTING)

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Q16) What is the name of the physical process in which a Liquid change to a Gas?
A16) Liquid to Gas = Evaporation.
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Q17) What is the name of the process in the which a gas changes to a liquid?
A17) Gas to liquid = Condensation.
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Q18) What is the name of the process in which a solid change to a gas without melting?
A18) Solid to a gas without melting = Sublimation.
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Q19) What is the meant by an endothermic reaction?

A19) An endothermic reaction is a reaction in which the heat is absorbed.
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Q20) Give an example of an endothermic reaction.

A20) Example of endothermic reaction:
a) Photosynthesis as it absorbs heat/light from the sun.
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Q21) What is meant by an exothermic reaction?

A21) An exothermic reaction is a reaction in which heat is given out.
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Q22) Give an example of an exothermic reaction.

A22) Example of an exothermic reaction is Combustion
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