Green HVAC

as Apart of
Smart Hospital
HVAC (Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning)

By Kafiuddin, MT
CURRICULUM VITAE

Pendidikan :
1. S2 Konservasi Energi Universitas Indonesia
2. D4 Universitair de Joseph Fourrier in Thermal System
3. D3 Politeknik ITB, Refrigerasi & Tata Udara
Pekerjaan :
1. Konsultan : Greenship Professional, Project Managemen,
Energy Auditor, Trainer di PT.Cipta Andalan Persada.
(Sekarang)
2. Engineering & Development Manager di PT.Summarecon
Agung, tbk (2008 – 2014)
3. Peneliti di Balai Thermodinamika Motor dan Sistem Propulsi –
BPPT (1991 – 2008)
Definition

Green & Smart HVAC System

 High Efficiency
 Low Cost Operation
 Environmentally friendly
 User Friendly
 Clean Energy
 Local Contain
 Definition
Green HVAC :

Adalah suatu sistem yang dirancang

sedemikian rupa sehingga memiliki
dampak lingkungan negatif yang minimal
dengan mengikuti kaidah yang berlaku,
namun dengan tanpa mengurangi
kenyamanan penghuninya.

4
Efficiency

EFFISIENSI MINIMUM ELECTRICAL CHILLER

MENURUT SNI

COP Absorption
Chiller = 1,6

But If the Energy

source is free
could be Achieve
0,05 kW/TR

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Efficiency
Chiller Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Efficiency
Chiller Life Cycle Cost Analysis
Efficiency

What is a low hanging negawatt fruit?

Water side Air side
Kw/ton Kw/ton
Typical
1.30 Maintenance
errors
Op & control
errors
Install & CX
errors
0.85
Typical
0.60
SOTA Maintenance
errors
Op & control
<0.6 errors
Design

Install & CX
errors
Operating

0.40 SOTA
average

<0.25

Design
Chillers+CHWPs+CWPs+CTs AHUs + FCUs

SOTA: State of the Art

Active design

CHILLER PLANT STRATEGIES TO GET MORE

WITH LESS (6 MAIN STRATEGIES)
1. Use super high efficiency chillers
2. Low flow low pressure CHW and CW
system
3. Variable primary CHW flow system
4. Chiller tower optimization
5. Pump optimization
6. Extensive continuous high precision
monitoring & intelligent control
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Active design
STRATEGY # 1: USE SUPER HE CHILLERS
0.45kw/ton
at ARI standard conditions

Technological features
• 3-stage compressor with economizers
• Direct drive W
D

• High efficiency refrigerant

1-Stage
WD

System Efficiency = WD
RE

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Active design

STRATEGY #1 SOLAR ABSORPTION CHILLER EXAMPLE

Absorption chiller (front)

Cooling tower (back)

System is modular

Water as non toxic refrigerant

Environmentally friendly

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Active design
SCHEMATIC OF SOLAR ABSORPTION AIR
CONDITIONING AND SPACE HEATING

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Active design
SOLAR ABSORPTION CHILLER
3.5

2.5

1.5

1 Additional savings
by SunChiller when
SunChiller cost paid energy price
0.5
by savings escalates
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14
Year 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
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Active design
STRATEGY #3 VARIABLE PRIMARY
CHW FLOW SYSTEM

Constant Speed
primary pump
Constant flow
systems
With 3 way valves

3-way valve

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Active design
Strategy 3# Constant flow systems
With 2 way valves & relief by-pass

Constant Speed
primary pump

By-pass
relief
modulating
valve 2-way valve
Active design
Strategy 3# Primary secondary variable
flow systems

Constant Speed
primary pump
Variable Speed
Secondary
pump
production
loop

distribution
2-way valve
loop
Active design
VPF advantages
Improve chiller performance
CenTraVac Part Load Performance CTV-1
% Load vs. kW/ton -- using Constant Condenser Method
0.95

0.90

0.85

0.80
primary/secondary
0.75
kW/ton

0.70
variable primary
0.65

0.60

0.55

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
% Load
Version 24.08, REVL 55066
Active design
Chiller plant strategies to get more with less

Strategy #4

Chiller-tower optimization
Active design
Conventional operation
500,000CMH 500,000CMH
30kw 30kw

On 50Hz On 50Hz Off Off

On On Off Off

1000RT 1000RT 1000RT 1000RT

Total CMH=1,000,000
Total KWi = 60
Active design
Strategy # 4: Chiller tower optimization
Optimized operation
250,000CMH 250,000CMH 250,000CMH 250,000CMH
3.8kw 3.8kw 3.8kw 3.8kw

On 25Hz On 25Hz On 25Hz On 25Hz

On On Off Off

1000RT 1000RT 1000RT 1000RT

Total CMH=1,000,000
Total KWi = 15.2
Active design
Strategy # 4: Chiller tower optimization

400
total
energy consumption, kW

300

chiller
optimal
200 control point

100
tower

0
26 27 28 29 30 31 32
condenser water temperature, °C
Active design
Chiller plant strategies to get more with less

Strategy #5
Pump optimization
Active design
Pressure differential sensor located at plant room
Pump speed control

Variable speed
drive

Pressure
differential
sensor
Active design
Pressure differential sensor located at remote AHU
Pump speed control

Variable speed
drive

Pressure
differential
sensor
Active design
Optimization:
Dynamic pressure reset control

The building automation system shall monitor the valve position

of all valves and determine each variable speed pumping
system’s critical zone valve (CZ), which is the valve that is the
widest open.

Critical zone
Reset pump DP
valve position
pressure set-point
>95% open upwards

Do
nothing

<85% open Reset pump DP

pressure set-point
downwards
Active design
Pump speed control comparison

100

pump Plant room located

80 DP sensor
pump head, %

60 Remotely located
DP sensor

40

design Dynamic pressure

DP
set-pt 20 point reset control

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
water flow, %
Active design
Chiller plant strategies to get more with less

Strategy #6
Use extensive continuous high precision
monitoring & intelligent control
Active design
Strategy #6 Extensive continuous high precision monitoring &
intelligent controls

Cooling Tower

P P P P P Makeup water
P P
F Ultrasonic Flow meter F
W
T 10k/30k Thermistors T

P Power/Current sensor
W Weather station
T
CWR
F
T T T T T T T CWS
CWP
T T T T T T T P
T
cwp

P P P P P P P P
cwp
F F F F F F F
T P
CHWS T T T T T T T T T
T T T T cwp

P
cwp
Decoupler
CHWR
P
cwp
T P P P P P P P
PCHWP
chwp chwp chwp chwp chwp chwp chwp P
cwp

T
P
cwp
F
Active design
Strategy #6 Extensive continuous high precision monitoring &
intelligent controls

It has invested heavily on sensors, instrument, calibration equipment and

computers. We are the only Total Performance Energy Service Company in the
world to have such sensors and equipment to do energy jobs.
Calibration Lab
We hand calibrate our temperature sensor
to an uncertainty of ±0.01 ºC
Triple Point Bath

Super Thermometer (1 ppm)

Gallium Cell Bath 29.7646 Deg C

15 ºC Water Bath Gallium Cell Bath

Triple Point Cell (0.01ºC)

Agilent 3458 (81/2 digit)
Active design
Strategy #6 Extensive continuous high
precision monitoring & intelligent controls

Total System kW Vs Ton (25th Nov to 19th Dec, 2006)

(3 Chillers running)

kW

CHW Ton
Active design
STRATEGY #3 BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM

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Active design
CHILLER SIZE COMBINATION VS POWER CONSUMPTION

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Active design
CHILLER PART LOAD EFFICIENCY

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Trend Energy
Resources

As the graph illustrates biomass is expected to remain

the second-largest source of renewable electricity
generation (behind hydropower) through 2030. Of all
the renewable energy sources, biomass is the fastest
growing, going from 11% of the total in 2007, to more
than 41% in 2030.
ABSORPTION CHILLER

Toward net zero energy by using heat waste and Direct

Fired biomass fuel
Utilization of Various
Thermal Wastes
 Why Absorption Chiller
(LiBr-Water)

✓ Possibility using heat waste energy or

renewable energy source (Means Low
energy cost)
✓ Low maintenance cost
✓ Proven technology
✓ Almost no moving part
✓ Simple technology
✓ Environment friendly (LiBr – Water)
✓ Interesting of RoI
Hot Water Absorption Chiller
Using Gas Engine’s Heat Waste
Steam Absorption Chiller
Using Manufacturing’s Heat
Waste
Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy
 Comparison
Study
Sizing
Air-Cooled Chiller Water-Cooled Chiller Absorp Chiller
Variable
Conventional Magnetic Bearing Double Effect (HEAT)
Chiller 333 500 500
Chiller Total 999 1000 1000
COP 3,6 6,05 1,53

Energy Consumption for Cooling

3.500.000
Energy Consumption (kWh/year)

3.000.000

2.500.000

2.000.000 Heat Rejection

1.500.000 Pumps
Fans
1.000.000
Cooling
500.000

-
Conventional Magnetic Bearing Double Effect
Air-Cooled Chiller Water-Cooled Chiller Absorp Chiller
Cogen Absorption Chiller
Lifecycle Cost
Air-Cooled Chiller Water-Cooled Chiller Absorp Chiller
Year
Conventional Magnetic Bearing Conventional
0 7.992.000.000 10.100.000.000 9.350.000.000
1 11.195.734.243,58 12.744.466.156,02 10.727.148.302,79
2 14.719.841.911,52 15.619.747.199,64 12.198.290.189,46
3 18.404.136.291,64 18.610.435.687,07 13.716.428.868,07
4 22.248.617.383,93 21.966.531.618,29 15.531.564.338,62

25.000.000.000

20.000.000.000
Life Cycle Cost

15.000.000.000

10.000.000.000
Air-Cooled Water-cooled
5.000.000.000
Absorption Chiller

-
0 1 Year
2 3 4
 Biomass Direct Fired Absorption
Chiller vs Electrical Chiller
3 Chiller (Steam)
Harga Listrik (Rp/kWh) 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400
Saving (Rp/year) (295.000.000) (208.000.000) (122.000.000) (36.000.000) 50.000.000 148.000.000 241.000.000 335.000.000 428.000.000

3 Chillers DF
Harga Listrik (Rp/kWh) 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400
Saving (Rp/year) (188.000.000) (102.000.000) (16.000.000) 70.000.000 156.000.000 263.000.000 357.000.000 450.000.000 548.000.000
Heating

Biomass A. AUTOMATIC BIOMASS PELLET FEEDINGSYSTEM

in Steam Boiler

 COMPACT PACKAGE BOILER SYSTEM UP TO 6 TON/HOUR

B. AUTOMATIC STORAGE SYSTEM

Boiler Saving in 1 Ton/hour of
steam
(HSD Oil to Biomass)

17
%
Waste to Energy
Terima kasih