Name : Shahzaib Ahzhar

Reg No : 11

Submitted to : Mam tahira

Assignment No 3

“Planning function could vary from one organization to the other.”

Explain the above statement, highlighting the dimensions of planning and with appropriate illustrations.

Observe the existing plan in real-word organization of your choice.

Explain the plans based on the dimensions of planning

Solution:

The statement “Planning function could vary from one organization to the other” implies that the
process and dimensions of planning can differ between different organizations. While planning is a
fundamental function of management, organizations may approach it in unique ways based on
their goals, industry, size, culture, and other factors. Let’s explore the dimensions of planning and
provide an example of an existing plan in a real-world organization.

Dimensions of planning:

 Time Horizon: Planning can have short-term, medium-term, or long-term orientations.

Short-term plans cover a period of one year or less and focus on immediate actions.
Medium-term plans typically span one to three years and involve achieving specific
objectives. Long-term plans extend beyond three years and encompass the organization’s
overall vision and direction.
 Scope: Planning can be conducted at various levels within an organization. Strategic
planning is undertaken by top-level management and sets the organization’s long-term
goals and strategies. Tactical planning occurs at the middle management level and involves
converting the strategic plans into specific action plans. Operational planning is carried out
by lower-level managers and focuses on day-to-day activities and resource allocation.
 Specificity: Plans can range from broad and general to detailed and specific. Strategic plans
provide a general framework and direction, while operational plans contain specific
actions, timelines, and responsibilities. The level of specificity depends on the nature of
the plan and the level at which it is developed within the organization.
 Flexibility: Plans can be flexible or rigid. Flexible plans allow for adaptation and
adjustment in response to changing circumstances. Rigid plans are highly structured and
leave little room for deviation. The degree of flexibility in planning depends on the nature
of the organization’s environment, industry dynamics, and the level of uncertainty
involved.
 Example of an Existing Plan:
Let’s consider a real-world organization, XYZ Corporation, operating in the technology industry.
XYZ Corporation has a three-year strategic plan, a one-year tactical plan, and operational plans for
each department. Here’s how the dimensions of planning apply to each level:

 Strategic Planning (Time Horizon): XYZ Corporation’s strategic plan covers a time horizon of
five years. It outlines the organization’s long-term objectives, such as expanding into new
markets, developing innovative products, and increasing market share.
 Tactical Planning (Scope): The tactical plan at XYZ Corporation is developed by the middle
management team, focusing on achieving the strategic goals within a one-year timeframe.
It includes plans for product development, marketing campaigns, and resource allocation
across different departments.
 Operational Planning (Specificity): Operational plans at XYZ Corporation are highly specific
and detailed. For example, the operations department has a plan that outlines daily
production targets, quality control measures, and maintenance schedules for machinery.
 Flexibility: XYZ Corporation recognizes the need for flexibility due to the rapidly changing
technology landscape. The strategic plan allows for adjustments based on market trends,
emerging technologies, and competitive factors. Tactical and operational plans are
regularly reviewed and modified to accommodate unforeseen circumstances or
opportunities.