3/5/2021 Prenatal exposure to pesticides and risk for holoprosencephaly: a case-control study. | Environ Health;19(1): 65, 2020 06 08.

. | Environ Health;19(1): 65, 2020 06 08. | MEDLINE

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Prenatal exposure to pesticides and risk for holoprosencephaly: a case-control study.

Addissie, Yonit A; Kruszka, Paul( Trojan, Angela; Wong, C Zoë; Everson, Joshua L; Kozel, Beth A; Lipinski, J Robert; Malecki, Kristen M C; Muenke,
Maximilian. 
Environ Health ; 19(1): 65, 2020 06 08.
Article in English | medline | ID: MDL-32513280

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Pesticide exposure during susceptible windows and at certain doses are linked to numerous birth defects. Early experimental
evidence suggests an association between active ingredients in pesticides and holoprosencephaly (HPE), the most common
malformation of the forebrain in humans (1 in 250 embryos). No human studies to date have examined the association. This
study investigated pesticides during multiple windows of exposure and fetal risk for HPE. It is hypothesized thatpre-
conception and early pregnancy, the time of brain development in utero, are the most critical windows of exposure.
METHODS:
A questionnaire was developed for this retrospective case-control study to estimate household, occupational, and
environmental pesticide exposures. Four windows of exposure were considered preconception, early, mid and late
pregnancy. Cases were identified through the National Human Genome Research Institute'songoing clinical studies of HPE.
Similarly, controls were identified as children with Williams-Beuren syndrome,a genetic syndrome also characterized by
congenital malformation, but etiologically unrelated to HPE. We assessed for di erences in odds of exposures to pesticides
between cases and controls.
RESULTS:
Findings from 91 cases and 56 controls showed an increased risk for HPE with reports of maternal exposure during
pregnancy to select pesticides including personal insect repellants (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.89, confidence interval (CI)
0.96-9.50) and insecticides and acaricides for pets (aOR 3.84, CI1.04-16.32). Exposure to household pest control products
during the preconception period or during pregnancy was associated with increased risk for HPE (aOR 2.60, OR 0.84-8.68). No
associations were found for occupational exposures to pesticides during pregnancy (aOR 1.15, CI 0.11-11.42), although
exposure rates were low. Higher likelihood for HPE was also observed with residency next to an agricultural field (aOR 3.24,
CI 0.94-12.31).
CONCLUSIONS:
Observational findings are consistent with experimental evidence and suggest that exposure to personal, household, and
agricultural pesticides during pregnancy may increase risk for HPE. Further investigations of gene by environment
interactions are warranted.

A airs
Environmental Exposure/Adverse E ects, Holoprosencephaly/Epidemiology, Pesticides/Adverse E ects, Late E ects of Prenatal
Exposure/Epidemiology, Adolescent, Adult, Case studies and Controls, Female, Holoprosencephaly/Chemically Induced , Human , Male ,
Maternal Exposure /Adverse E ects , Occupational Exposure /Adverse E ects , Pregnancy /Drug E ects , Late E ects of Prenatal
Exposure/Chemically Induced, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, United States/Epidemiology, Adult Young

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