nc presumption cane be founded og Nee, a 0 al pesanion oy cic Mang ve Py oh tl ma 20 iy ys he Co a th ale Edo of oduct See re ire tet ae ‘fans hou the teal upon the prosecution, it presumptions are inconsistent, fon that is fou weights ‘SMferations of policy shall apply. 1f Fons of poliey are of equal i sumption applies. (0) ‘Note, 00 presumptions are attendant to a per veuar eve, the weigher considerations of policy ta sons However the considerations of policy ae egal, ees of them shall app 6. Presumption against_an accused “inna eases, — Ita presumed fact that estab. fishes. guilt. ig an element of the offense ‘charged.oF negates a defense, the existe thc base fact must be proved bevond rea ‘doubt-and the presumed fact follows from the huasic fact bevond reasonable doubt, (n) Noresunocases . rte ect in 2 leg posession any document to show tar ro se de he presumed fave fe regited Paps or dace Bet aly the Promina fl fle onale doubt that He indeed ‘seeing poner ee eee ory res eg ‘dy tra ested en ts He coe een eet poset rs RULE 132 PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE A. EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES sen 1. Examination tbe doef open core oS casknien of eines pa Salo earing shall be dove in opens 8 8 sir cadh or effimion, Unies ia oe esctated co apen, or the question ann ‘dient mode of annwes, Une anewess oka Sessa be given orally) Nie, tht, Seton 1 of Rule 133 of the Rules estes auc in deeming the superior weight of tence oe he Ss imled, he cour aside fom te oer fcrs ree tracted, may consider the wenese maner of tang {hit an ony be done i the withess ges Bs teumoy Sally open our.” If ata judge prepares his opin iSdately ater the conehision of the als wth thee ‘ce nd his impressions of the witness sh in isd, Erebus that he i much moe lily to veh a coe teihan fhe imply reviews the evigece fo 4 pennevseo Russ Ov Evorice = shoo having Had the oppertniy cen ames wot ang Nad the Oppemany yg ‘Boy terete ass and the wine “eat tc eat ae esa ec cass pena me Re sig he a ce ee eee on a on EBD. ae Ba soa its Of Nea 35 ot i, dh tse en pe sera a ge se papsd peie Stel an tanec ihe “mn eee gos ee sarap cca tems te enema em aa ea, mr nn See ee ee eterna oe Soccer See eee a ipo aee eer chee Se peg ans aa ae Sere reciente cen ESD Sree Tee rho GR 17148 Fo "Shun sso ree pe Deis Ree i = ere ween in oa i a Beta on an oy i steered the judge if the witness test fas In cour indeed, the pet megan iret cae ene Serena ores See oem be plaed by Chief Justice Appleten thug oan aes is acy or me ‘The wins preset, the prompts ad wpe Imiatenest of hs anv oe ane oe incre pry wan ts thie directness or erasenes an eons tected. Te apetace 268 mane ene, ‘he gests the reacins tad poss co reves, the econ, the witanee he i the comaacins alent, ce erento ‘plntions,theletellgence oe we fb fence ofthe wines te pssone wich op [ee contl fen, lve, hte ey ot eee ne ‘open breton noted nd weg “Tus, Section 1 of ule 153 (oo Rule 12) of te ule requires hat in determining te sper ight tf eidence on the is inoled the cou aie from the other factors therein enumene, ay con tier the wmess manner of esjng wich ea on be dane sf the wines gists hi testinony erly in pen cour tile prepares hi pion ise Aintely aftr the conclusion af the ti th the es ence and is impressions of th wesc fensvaso RAs Evoence ‘Ste anew an i po cat ‘et on bol aratge © a ine i Sine ofS i a alse Fee i aed et am usa secure order patch ofthe Fe ere nlc gens een ea ain wae ae tae ecm yt ed sa fen ay eps re incr ny ny ote ete ES cso cee ae er eg gee eae iy ation oan ee Spcimi aa rl rece and intelligible answer from weet itt an» a of tic yon Sree da mae ts coed hase st ced ol hey Sie ae ore teanes rekon Heit owrate wap esetarse rica d clan eet rr tmmand Hels fC tn, ce Good o note ls isthe coneuting opinion of Me tice Beton DeRosa, thus “teow ith he aiieaon heen set fon, Avs ce, ws to make It ea that dh to ‘abe pete sanctioned by wespondent judges be Te ih te poe tendemy chara Se ores sno cass sev ee oda gp, earns wna sar arp te ne sae ae my ted eS SetStyle ree stant othe Poly of the ponerse SE Sem nd sift habe ete sae {oe insead of Being criminal nag WO OY 8 ce etal trae Soporte arta ae {ea io ths nse who, andes oe Son and contol of te psec, a EE ne ie ad ee Tenn nan se er sas ‘ied pry oul ve wes sa tei ne yn see tel peer amped ea fa igs amnoton seme serpy Rigets weal pees eS San cuties ee eee ge ‘ur wen he ests Boab sy xg feison bean te ese aad se Senaleiatclcgieineee eee se Soha ana he weeny wanes et vould omer ambi compliance wi {he reguement of Scibes apd 2 a ae 13 at The estmony a wines bel penn open cau ot ‘nope bos tha te et ena he [Emre an afimason bythe wise une oa st ‘aly mace af: arc when he are ‘ow robe ri Ou in een ih ber Sri mae prseive teva of eaten pa, fee thot hes af be fit pase roe {hed aro ink he sae ony enn ht ‘eral snd competent Tas inary ep mayb anem evsto RULES OV Evioence cae ah Presi Whee the cour may egy es eth pone tobe masts a ‘Syste he a eee aie nad: Ths, Teng ne ts be poled wih nde oP retain il be cof sod oe cet Toy renin “asen then would Be thatthe question asking fr 9 se ue ning st the ae ee mn ei et eal een tir maybe made noes sat Soy have avaye conto ne Ge eng gestion as esenaly rege Rene oem, of susan, hee ae? ern aad at awe In are Sorgen cae ae eens fn “slinempeten tino, (ance on Bier foc ls o Core Vo. il Pan, 195 Seton the aia be afiemed by arene BRU oxen purl othe objectionable pos {Pons he fom ofthe answe shold aay SFooconegue ‘nitty moment a eee rina pen er ee a Perel rls ser et eee ae aa Peper ne anata eg ee ee a eae me error ret featoge ms on ct core Notes ano Cases * es coop m sbi te ineens of his cen gale) Sener Sree be ts ised and his witnesses subjected cae Sie obctoyo hpsay at o ee ed {hes noc pyar inthe rod ane a a Seo Procite seed rasa a kn ute as na ee ‘Se hs cata get sme Beran Behn he oe Mr oe mompcer ont a te e titson could e due tothe facts yasereeee Sie non o te tod pst eee otra taprecle aca ae res ereraces een oe eve he pop oe gee ae a ee Bien nee ee Shap oe sie ote rac nonce sees nr Teter Lee no fundamental ebjecion ie ee tony in the form Ihave cise above. Aer ao rig th lt in pn ack hem Sd essential purpose of requing ness appear and testy only a a wal bro tcue fer he adore fy the opportu of eosrexamnation No due & 1 loss examination in open cou tat indispensable “he det examination i secondary bees, ray se gencally kaon, an be fl weeaned shay, sls cossexaminton In cosng wish o eronally command Hi Honors ob ‘ows attude of eying to improve upon exiting prom {ores with an eve to taking rs less burdened wih time consuming and complied technical fens hat fan anyoray be done aay wth Wout sein the‘erg cs cin es oc te to ene Soe nie tae egg Sa og tee era ‘sec. 2. Proceedings to be recorded. — The entire Proceedings of atrial or hearing, including te Mhestons propounded to a witness and his gr her answers thereto, and the statements mage Pe whe judge or any of the parties, counsel, gy Whiesses with reference £0 the ease, shall b¢ weionded by means of shorthand oF stenotype or bp other means of recording found suitable by the court [A transcript of the record of the proceedings mau by the offical stenographer, stenotypist or recorder and certified as correet by him or her, ‘Shall be deemed prima facte a correct statement fof such proceedings. (2a) “This ule i consistent with the principe that cous law are cour freed “es oes ga. Rights and obligations ofa witness, — q eens must ANSWEF Weston, although hg Saswer may tend to establish Sac im OF het. However, iis the right att (1) To be protected from irrelevant, im proper, oF insulting question from harsh or insulting demeanee, Not to be detained longer than the in terests of justice require; Not to be examined except only as to matters pertinent to the iss Not to give an answer which wit! tend to subject him or her to a penalty for fan offense unless otherwise: provided by law; oF Not to give an answer which will tend to degrade his or her reputation, unless It be to the very fact at issue oF to a fact from which the fact In isue would be presumed. But a witness ‘must answer to the fact of his or her previous final conviction for an of fense. (3a) This ule is consistent with the consalnsl possi sencn ph agaist sell neiminationse ath ef 0 pg em or her from irrelevant. impres™3 am hh tig 2 mee Sault er on oe sae by contradic evden; > by evidence tht his or er general reputation foe a ones, oF inte sad > bydence that he or she bas made at other ines cms inconsistent ih his ox her preset we. timory 4 wes yo iment y he pny ing sabom he she was called By evidence of paral wrong [alan excep tht may be shown bythe examina of fhe wits, or record ofthe judgment, that he or she has been consid of a oflense. 12. Impeachment by evidence of convit ime. For the purpose of impeachi ‘Miness, evidence that he or she has been eo asdmitied if (a) dhe crime was punish realty fn excess of one year, or (b) the crime Neves no Cues sossed-moral tule esas of ye pm vor tat te evden 9 we Vt iat jg of «cine sero! npr him or her as been en ‘ade vp the rime Was punishable by» pesaly in x fone year oF eso the crime involved moral ups, eae the penalty eof Se on ala Toe vs. COMELEC.™ clarified the concep mea spade, ths: Not every criminal ae, bower, ives nr sp fades I is for ths eis Ut aft wht cine Solves mora tupitde is fr te Supreme Cu Uetermine, In rescving tbe foregoing eon, (Cour gull by one 0 he gener ls a ns cn i A Sy nae ER et i on Eeto re esp ae ca ree ee atl oh ana ok rv Reems ‘his glee ones proved shox of providing» Ceara slo, for Ieratonel Re Rese ‘rte AUMG, the Coot sted that i conet stays be ace wheter moral Tupi Ges he cenit by merely casing a toe 3¢ mela ine or as mau probium. Tere ae eres wish mem inse and yet but arly invlve moral un fede and thre ae ees which involve mara ep tide and ate mala prota only. In the Bal alas, Whether or ot time invokes ral tute a Tinaely 2 queso of fe and equ depen on he ccaastances sounding the lao 0 he Stott (Gatlons omitted) Homever, evidence of a convletion is not admissible ifthe conviction has been the subject fof an amnesty of annulment of the conviction, o ote Evidence ofa conviction is aot admissible when the tion hasbeen the subject an amnesty o annulment ores Cases = pe word ofthe rules ler ed. THUS, what the ly gongs Padn be ea as ~ yds Je ¥. et Bertod Me rae iar de sa xen pardon ahd ameay pee te eres aca tl Ste Pe at Eldred y epee aie Hee nme tre whic Soccer ih rs Ses pc ao wh eae ats alone pal tte she ee se git of polit offenses, encaly teoe ot Set of te cna pen Set a as do isan ee 2 tom be cmsegiene oan ene fe seed hat able er ape = ‘Sls den ry igus to ol pal eon ge ee Seis be expressly restored by cetera ee sero er ett lp fom a Seba eden imped pet ln he dee, evel. Moa Ci), Wie amo, Site td soles anda a tio os bes oats an oes te efese ne fe cared thatthe peso reel Wy oa a ete lw prey tough be ba ol Soe eae sy bec et Soe sa = Sen, ie VU, Pie Coie Se $5 23 Sone ce hese an ew A 1wo sen Rinks x EME sec. 18, Party may not impeach his OF her ony See, 18 Pariacept with respect t0 witness, witeared to in paragraphs (@) and (©) of Section TO at this Rule, the party presenting the witnes, 10 ot flowed to impeach his or her credibility fate ‘A witness may be considered as unvilling o¢ hostile only if s0 declared by the court upon omtuate showing of his OF REF adverse interest, anjustifted reluctance to testify, oF his oF her ving aus the party into calling him or her to the witness stand. Note, tht efore a witness Be considered a8 unvling cr bi thee must e scour delratdon 10 that effer ‘ott is her averse interes, unjustified reluctance eines oer basing misled the party ito cling hi Ar her to he ness stn ‘The unwilling oF hostile witness so declared, forthe witness who is an adverse party, may be Impeached by the party presenting him or her ail respects as if he or she had been called by the adverse party, exeept by evidence of his or od characte, He 9 sht may ay ‘eross-examir also be im. ane ned he a re hori er ct mater o hay, et 20) ‘amiaton vee eae 2 omscaw aceteel e tis ee pe cpt coning nore eee amet tee, How wines impeached by eens SoM cnt sctements, = Before ovine oo, ‘mpeoched by evidence tate ara hn scTa her mes statements acne ‘ino grihar pravent testimony, Ge ee ito must be relned to Nim ar hx, wih he SEaatances of the times and places andthe Stone preseot, wed ine or ae tant bv ested "Rctner be arse made such statment andi ed fo explain them, I the semen be Ierings they must be shown tothe wet Sure any estion Is put 0 hg Be em Sng ten 139)e rove REE en ENDENCE oe NORE Seah ed th ‘open Does contended ha the et of Caley sea ered ah infmies and material contacting, a ans able Spel, Be pointed out the floning bee ater inconstenies in he testimony: (1) Cage alge Maing dates wth respec 10 the extn oe cement before the police autores of Tagua, cre ating the robbery and Kling of Henry Nara on Seeehter 81988; (2) The pertinent entry inthe pee ber of Tugegarno, Cagayan for the pei of Decenber wer hegediyploed by Calayeay does not ree any sme ofthe alleged perpraors ofthe crime conta tt pf alayen ine tesumony that she brew the names ‘hevnutcactss even porto December 8, 1988 when th (ident happened: and 2) Calayeay gave pesured testinoy Athen the rated cn cross examination Ie testimony x lites aminason that accused Manuel Cuspag. gas deipog and Robert Cuspag remained outside the hose et Fleny ang wie the rime Wasi progres to serve ws bxk tet The High Cot std tha apelant Doca may noc ad Afpench the eet of Clayeay on che tis of the en Inthe pie Dloer of the Tuguegarao, Cagayan pale pein to the robbery and ling on December 8, 158, pela laimed tht the pertinent etsy inthe sai ple bloer which ws ected from prosecution witness Calisy ee eee eee 5 yt He teainony de A, es ha ee nla ate December, 8h Tae 1 eel Ci eta et odie ts Sinn crate eng tere i Fete ct eam» ae Ito cam fom oh Set ere ‘inno serve ses for impo eng ince heteeaesenemne ‘een them, The oom ag 2 ewsed by this cour heey Stopes Gasman tag “SY Meo “he cule which eles a te fin aid belo ety feo semen of mines ded en Sn tee an cal pega, been ced ae Snes, whch es hm wi inde under «mite, o tht er sage ‘cepa beween hems 1 yould be uso compli chi sage Secared a ieee wae Stier op by eps ‘cident por duce ns Sess of the purely ear tse a then ich ere tcl ten ‘nes ding tea tog ep ese comin ame wh ‘ered and ade in ee wa onevaso LES Ov EVOENCE ee ere She sec ne 2 eat sab leno fan woul ey ta wanes ofthe cance exe a seni i ening te lf vidence of good character of witness, Isee. 14 “din Section 54, Rule 130)] = (incorporates ‘sec. 15, Exclusion and separation of witnesses, see rourt, motu proprio oF upon motion, shal Selec hltmesses excluded so that they ea eer testimony of other witnesses, This yl tae pot authorize exclusion of (a) a party wh fe srnatual person, (b) a duly desi sekative of a juridical entity which is a party reson whose presence is es the case, (0 tial to the jtion of the party's cause. o fd) a person authorized by a statute to be pre, the court may also cause witnesses {0 be kept Separate and to be prevented from conversing shith one another, directly oF through Intermed fries, unti all shall have been examined. (15) » gue, at Ut S002, on Canal Pod 3 he ky sd Ft ay exe te psi Sel and the conse eg a Sa ere We 1196 resco 15 fe 1 ay iene from the car fF ere at aero the withess SartrOOm. The purpeeg sh ea the TSUONY of er in rns ule des nt aura ene " a fo) a pary Whos a maa pec, (oy ada designated represen thy which is. party tothe eae UM (ea person whose presence i esent entation ofthe partys aie, og nl ee (a) person authorized bya saute be ne ae ls ha he cou a) a sean tobe pr st wees ob vee event fom ee vepierdiecty or thrbugh intermedanes 9 th Aetheen examined la Trina to preven Tern fom conversing wih ene ‘preventing them from being inluened by the evtao,of dscoumgine Aven, incr, ay Shnsinn,Howeser, without any PPing pa ut os om Reig he esimonf e sgn sues imeretianl I nd Keath ene Ste a9, Fry 19.204 the ae i Or et ponte cate se a je ete was Sa reer of Sen ee coon de Shewnon ce e te a 2 et tf ec: Repo ner i et ie aay hoe a es of se hat wo “aceatin caon fm the or See ion elec oe se sy note eo foo Cen deg wine nny of Ree Te High E sare one wit the CA Hang tat ade uh Clcunsames here Was othing © presen Seer (Hsrhering the tesimon of Kenneth Theo he [are sould ave alowed Stephen wo (ety for pe We agree with pttianes tha the appiaton of un, thn spaced Conary othe present ease in San Noresssocaces el 0 8 8 le ely he wa ong for We he eno fee ee Fes te Am nhs eee ha trmotion fo excsin ta woe 8 Sih wane ek pa uty of Senha une iedoremcees ene vent my: tan seal ie aa a ‘er tess. 1 the repens aa Sesteoramae gered resentation of other witnesses. if = {isc mane sen ee Ges acing te pat daly fein i poe ‘ot when be did nor raise te tne snes tthe witness ina tmely mange eon txpntet is bond by esto aca Seley mts ee ea Se fe te coe aed tes Stn code ar bo cone og vs hey dyed oar pene sae ‘nen set ote Be ne pcm fe Soa Consiering the alate og st cs ace eae foie penn ten ‘Therefor, this Cour Bids da the RTC cet rave abuse of discean inst along Spin festfynotwistandg he absence a ab ne kesoe ring the prse econ of ter west ring te resenting ec 16. when witess may refer 1 memora, sin my owed ea um — Ane ozeing face by Age ox her meme ded by hiteell ox hersl, ot eS es ae ce under bs or celal theater or at fat esc oper eft fresh Mat et ee gg sia that at he momento rororae bit In sack was are ee or record mat be prodered Sn ered a byte agers Port. oe a oi choses, crotoevemive the a a aie muy reed i n tldemes A Sie See say ams mech = eetlae inet Sen bea cosine 1p roclecog Ti etlue Sib ne arake latices ne ts cing be acord Coton sed tannin wen made Bat sit evdenee ose rected mt eutan. (168) While testifying a witness may be allowed to rete feeoded by Rinse or ere ov under his o her diet brie cme en the et cece, or nmediaely theeak ter ora any oer tne when the Tact was ees i io She hes that the same was corey acne 0 10 Nhe sen dg nom the CO alow hi cr el een o 07 hing wrayer neue ies ome pinay A He soll Paying the foundation gt the dete OF her memo ng bass rien. Laying the foundaier ee sh Laying the founding ei bw the DE fhe wg te sme; the time When the sng eo rtd ee ae mh a HIME ee ihn mad, Dt fh cn go byte a concn see 17. When part of transaction, wing or wed ive in evidence the renin tke, ble. — When part of an act, declaration, conver. then, wrung or record gh meen smear, the whole ofthe tame subj a led foto by the other and when «deuce tc declaration, conversion, wrlg ot ed igen In evldenee, any other adel comeraton, writing or record necessary f anderstanding may also be given in evidence. a