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Matrices Summary

The document defines key concepts related to matrices including: - The order of a matrix is defined by the number of rows and columns. - Matrix addition and subtraction are defined if the matrices have the same order. Matrix multiplication is defined if the number of columns in the first matrix equals the number of rows in the second. - There are different types of matrices including row, column, square, diagonal, symmetric, triangular, zero and identity matrices. - The transpose of a matrix switches the rows and columns. - Matrix multiplication by a scalar multiplies each element by the scalar. - The inverse of a 2x2 matrix is defined if the determinant is not equal to 0.

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Edris Zamaryal
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189 views2 pages

Matrices Summary

The document defines key concepts related to matrices including: - The order of a matrix is defined by the number of rows and columns. - Matrix addition and subtraction are defined if the matrices have the same order. Matrix multiplication is defined if the number of columns in the first matrix equals the number of rows in the second. - There are different types of matrices including row, column, square, diagonal, symmetric, triangular, zero and identity matrices. - The transpose of a matrix switches the rows and columns. - Matrix multiplication by a scalar multiplies each element by the scalar. - The inverse of a 2x2 matrix is defined if the determinant is not equal to 0.

Uploaded by

Edris Zamaryal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Matrices Summary

Order of a matrix Elements in a matrix


rows (across) × columns (down) The element in row 𝑖 and column 𝑗 of 𝐴 is 𝑎
such that
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 ⋯
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 ⋯
𝐴=
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 ⋯
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱

Matrix addition Transpose of a matrix


𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 +𝑏 𝑎 +𝑏 Switches the rows with the columns
𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑏
=
𝑎 +𝑏 𝑎 +𝑏 𝑎 𝑎
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝐴= 𝑎 𝑎 , 𝐴 = 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
Matrix subtraction 𝑎 𝑎
𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 −𝑏 𝑎 −𝑏
𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑏 𝑏
=
𝑎 −𝑏 𝑎 −𝑏 Matrix multiplication by a scalar
𝑎 𝑎 𝑘×𝑎 𝑘×𝑎
𝑘 𝑎 𝑎 =
Matrix addition/subtraction is defined if both matrices 𝑘×𝑎 𝑘×𝑎
have the same order.

Matrix Multiplication
𝑎 𝑎 𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 +𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 +𝑎 𝑏
𝑎 𝑎 =
𝑏 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 +𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 +𝑎 𝑏

Row 𝑖 column 𝑗 of the product 𝐶 = 𝐴 × 𝐵 is 𝑐 = 𝑎 × 𝑏 + 𝑎 ×𝑏 + 𝑎 ×𝑏 +⋯

The matrix product 𝐴𝐵 is defined if the number of columns in 𝐴 is equal to the number of rows in 𝐵.
If 𝐴 has order 𝑚 × 𝑛 and 𝐵 has order 𝑛 × 𝑝 then the matrix product 𝐴𝐵 will have order 𝑚 × 𝑝.

Inverse of a 2 × 2 matrix
𝑎 𝑏 1 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏
𝐴= , 𝐴 = ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ , det(𝐴) = = 𝑎𝑑 − 𝑏𝑐
𝑐 𝑑 det(𝐴) 𝑐 𝑑 𝑐 𝑑

Inverse matrix is not defined (singular) if det(𝐴) = 0

Column sum Row sum 𝑎 Rules


1 𝑎 = 𝑚𝑖 + 𝑛𝑗 + 𝑘,
[1 1 ⋯] × 𝐴 𝐴× 1 1 1 1 ⋯ 1 2 3 ⋯ 1 1 1 ⋯
⋮ 2 2 2 ⋯ 1 2 3 ⋯ 1 1 1 ⋯
𝐴=𝑚 +𝑛 +𝑘
3 3 3 ⋯ 1 2 3 ⋯ 1 1 1 ⋯
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋱
Permutation matrices
If matrix 𝑃 is the permutation matrix (row or column shuffle of an identity matrix), then
𝑄𝑃 is a column shuffle of 𝑄 𝑃𝑄 is a row shuffle of 𝑄

Communication and dominance Simultaneous equations


1 𝐴𝑋 = 𝐵 ⇒ 𝑋 = 𝐴 𝐵
(𝐶 + 𝐶 ) × 1
⋮

Recurrence relation Rule when 𝐵 = 0 Steady State


𝑆 = inital state, 𝑆 = 𝑇𝑆 + 𝐵 𝑆 =𝑇 𝑆 𝑆 =𝑆 , 𝑛 ≈ 50
Types of Matrices
Row Matrix Column Matrix Square Matrix
A matrix that has only one A matrix that has only one A matrix that has the same number of
row. Order 1 × 𝑛 column. Order 𝑚 × 1 rows as columns. Order 𝑚 × 𝑚
[1 2 3] 1 1 2
2 3 4
3

Diagonal Matrix Symmetric Matrix


A square matrix where every element not on the A square matrix where the element in row
leading diagonal is zero. column is the same as the element in row
2 0 0 column. 𝐴 = 𝐴 .
0 −1 0 3 5 7
0 0 3 5 −3 −9
7 −9 8

Triangular Matrix
A square matrix where all the elements either below or above the leading diagonal are zero.

Upper Triangular Lower Triangular


9 6 3 2 0 0
0 4 3 4 7 0
0 0 1 5 1 −2

Zero Matrix, 𝑂 Binary Matrix


Matrix of any order where all elements are 0. All elements are either a 0 or a 1.
0 0 [0 0 0 0] 0 1 1
,
0 0 0 1 0

Identity Matrix, 𝐼
A diagonal matrix where the elements on the leading diagonal are all 1.
1 0 0 0
1 0 0
[1], 1 0 0 1 0 0
, 0 1 0 , ,…
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1
0 0 0 1

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